结合LTS和Hough变换的直线检测算法

为提高Hough变换检测直线的精度,提出一种结合Hough变换与截断最小二乘法的直线检测算法。利用Hough变换确定图像中直线所在的大致区域,提取候选区域内的特征点集,采用截断最小二乘法拟合得到精确的直线参数。实验结果表明,该算法的检测率和检测精度较高,对Hough变换的分辨率要求较低,整体空间开销较小。     

结合Hough变换与改进最小二乘法的直线检测

提出了一种结合Hough变换与改进的最小二乘法的直线检测方法。分析了Hough变换与最小二乘法在直线检测及检测精度上的优缺点;利用Hough变换鲁棒且不需启发式信息的特点进行初步检测,确定存在直线的大致区域;利用最小二乘法确定直线区域内特征点回归直线的精确参数。为克服最小二乘法对强噪声点敏感的缺点,提出了双点移除的p最小二乘法,通过同时剔除具有最大正负误差的一对数据点,保证数据集中的正常点能得到可靠保留以获得精确的回归结果。实验结果表明,所提方法提高了直线检测的检测率与检测精度,且降低了对Hough变换的分辨率要求,可以减小算法整体的空间开销。     

基于Hough变换的建筑边缘特征检测的研究及其改进

Hough变换是对二值图像进行直线检测的有效方法,介绍了Hough变换直线检测对房屋边缘特征检测方法及实验结果,并根据其存在的缺点提出了检测矩形的Hough变换的改进算法.     

基于改进Hough变换的角点提取

提出了一种有效的角点提取的方法.在该方法中,角点将被定义为二条(或二条以上)直线的交点,并利用Hough变换来检测直线.若存在二条(或二条以上)直线经过某点,则该点就被认为是角点(角点候选点).对Hough变换中的映射方式作了改进,在传统的映射中采用的是"一对多"或"多对一"的映射方式,而在改进方式中采用的是"多对多"的映射方式.在这种映射方式下,Hough变换的参数空间不会发生峰值扩散的现象,这样会更有利于峰值的检测(直线检测),从而更有利于角点的检测.实验证明,该方法能精确有效地提取出图像中的角点.     

一种在图象中检测网格直线的新方法

设计了一个扩展Robert算子,该算子能够在有噪声的情形下对图象中各种宽度的线条进行检测。当使用Hough变换确定直线的参数时,首先只用Hough变换检测第一条最为显著的直线,随后去掉该条直线及其附近的点,然后再次对图象进行Hough变换,并重复此过程,直到找到所有直线或者Hough变换后参数平面上的值都小于某个阈值为止。使用此改进后的Hough变换能够准确地检测到图象中构成网格的直线的参数。给出了具体的检测例子。     

基于空间矩的随机Hough变换检测直线

为解决随机Hough变换中无效采样和累积问题,研究了一种基于空间矩的随机Hough变换直线检测方法;利用空间矩方法进行随机采样并求取出参数空间点,将计算参数空间点的随机采样点减少到一个,最后利用随机Hough变换原理来确定真实直线;实验结果表明,基于空间矩的随机Hough变换直线检测方法相对于传统的随机Hough变换具有更好的准确性、鲁棒性和稳定性,实时性得到了较大的提高。     

粒度计算与Hough变换

本文在深入分析Hough变换的基础上,结合粒度计算的思想,论述了在Hough变换中引入了粒度计算的必要性。对于Hough变换的直线检测,提出了基于粒度的“有效直线”的概念,并对Hough变换中的粒度计算进行了一系列的探讨。     

基于Hough变换提取直线的改进方法研究

传统的Hough变换用于检测直线时，存在不能确定直线端点、会检测出虚假直线以及对称地额外画出直线的问题，文章针对这些特点对Hough变换加以改进，经过实践检验，提取的特征较完整，改进效果较理想。     

Hough变换及其在几何特征检测中的应用

介绍Hough变换原理,分析应用Hough变换检测直线的原理,并对Hough变换进行推广,用于检测圆的圆心、半径。Hough变换在几何特征检测中有着独特的性能,它将检测目标从目标空间转换到参数空间,避免了在目标空间检测时的目标分类、目标编码等复杂运算,使得被测参数的测量变得简单易行。     

图像中网格直线的检测方法的研究

首先分析了图像边缘特性以及Laplacian算子检测图像边缘的基本原理,提出了一种新的边缘检测算法,能准确地检测出图像中的目标边缘;在确定直线参数时,先使用Hough变换检测第一条最为明显的直线,然后去掉该直线以及附近的点,然后再次对图像进行Hough变换,并重复此过程,直到找到所有的直线;使用此改进后的Hough变化能够准确地检测到图像中构成网格的直线的参数.     

Interannual covariability between actual evapotranspiration and PAL and GIMMS NDVIs of northern Asia

This study examined the covariability between interannual changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and actual evapotranspiration (ET). To reduce possible uncertainty in the NDVI time series, two NDVI datasets derived from Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data and the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) group were used. Analyses were conducted using data over northern Asia from 1982 to 2000. Interannual changes over 19 years in the PAL-NDVI and GIMMS-NDVI were compared with interannual changes in ET estimated from model-assimilated atmospheric data and gridded precipitation data. For both NDVI datasets, the annual maximum correlation with ET occurred in June, which is the beginning of the vegetation growing season. The PAL and GIMMS datasets showed a significant, positive correlation between interannual changes in the NDVI and ET over most of the vegetated land area in June. These results suggest that interannual changes in vegetation activity predominantly control interannual changes in ET in June. Based on analyses of interannual changes in temperature, precipitation, and the NDVI in June, the study area can be roughly divided into two regions, the warmth-dominated northernmost region and the wetness-dominated southern region, indicating that interannual changes in vegetation and the resultant interannual changes in ET are controlled by warmth and wetness in these two regions, respectively.     

Production control: Current developments and future trends

Manufacturing industry is going through a period of unprecedented change as a result of the developments in micro-electronic technology. This is bringing about a transformation not only in hardware, in the form of computer-aided manufacturing, but in the manner in which production is organised and controlled.It is in the latter connection that the present paper sets out to review current developments and future trends. In particular the machine readable bar-code is seen as a key element in extending computerised control to cover not only the machines, but tools, materials and parts and their movement in the development of fully integrated manufacturing systems.As the move towards automation gathers pace it is forecast that manufacturing industry will become more process industry like in form, with consequences for the way in which production is organised and controlled.Finally consideration is given to the manner in which these current developments in the field of production are giving rise to a structural alteration in industrial labour requirements in which, in the future, fewer people will be required but on highly enriched work tasks.     

关联规则挖掘技术研究进展*

为帮助人们深入研究关联规则挖掘技术,总结了关联规则的分类方法、评价方法以及相关技术的最新进展,特别是对关联规则的主要算法进行了详细的介绍,并探讨未来的发展方向。该研究比较系统全面,对将来进一步深入分析关联规则挖掘技术具有指导意义。     

Desktop publishing in education

Abstract The term 'desktop publishing' has received much media coverage in recent months in both the commercial and educational press. School-based 'desktop publishing' packages are at the moment poor imitations of full-specification systems. This paper discusses the state of desktop publishing in education today and demonstrates the weaknesses of the systems available for use in the classroom. The skills required for desktop publishing are interrelated in a complex way and cannot be presented in a hierarchical fashion. A model of the functional processes involved is suggested in the paper and analysed in terms of the skills required.     

Identification and Analysis of Archeological Remnants Using Remote Sensing Data in Juyan Oasis of Northwestern China

Archaeological ruins in ancient times can play an important role in studying and restoring the past human activities,as well as understanding regional environmental changes.There were many flourishingly agricultural activities in different historical periods that were developed in ancient Juyan Oasis in the downstream of the Heihe River Basin.A large number of historical ruins that reflect past human activities remained in numerous of the nebkhas and sand dunes.This study combined high-resolution remote sensing images and in situ truths investigated during the fieldwork,certain parts of unknown remnants were identified by the image features of ancient remnants that appear in the remotely sensed data,which were not found in the past field archaeological investigations and unreported in the past public literatures.Most of the unknown remnants that were identified using remote sensing images are distributed in the surroundings of the ancient city sites,including Lvcheng and BJ2008.New findings fill the gaps that the historical remnants were missed during the previous field surveys.     

Methods of system development in Finland

Interest in the use of different methodologies, methods and tools for information systems analysis and design has been increasing for the last decade in Finland. This has resulted in the founding of a special interest group in systems analysis and design within the Finnish Data Procesing Association and in its making a survey of the methods and tools in use in Finland in 1980. This survey was in the form of a questionnaire mailed to the company members of the association. The results of the survey show a wide use of different tools in the design and implementation of information systems. In the analysis phase, there seems to be a need for more and better methods and tools. In 1980 several companies began to use new methodologies, methods and tools in the field; the most common are: the Swedish ISAC, Jackson's JSP, and the data dictionary.     

Ergonomics evaluation of modified industrial helmets for use in tropical environments

Hotness, weight, fitting problems etc., have been found to be the chief causes of the unpopularity of industrial safety helmets in tropical environments in developing countries (DC). Some selected safety helmets manufactured in industrialized countries (IC) were modified to provide extra head ventilation and to reduce weight, in order to make them more acceptable to users in hot environments. The modified helmets were subjected to ergonomics evaluation both objectively and subjectively in the laboratory (in simulated tropical conditions) as well as in the field situation. There was evidence that white helmets had some advantages in comfort, viz. reduction of hotness, compared to the other colours, e.g. red, green etc., when worn in the presence of radiant heat in the laboratory. Ventilation holes provided at the top of the shell seemed to reduce the greenhouse effect within the helmet shell which therefore felt less uncomfortable than a fully covered helmet. Even with a small reduction of weight, such as 45 g in helmets weighing about 350g, the difference in weight was perceived by the wearers. In adapting helmets made in IC for use in tropical climates, head ventilation and low weight perception are important aspects in comfort which need to be considered. In addition to low cost, a harness material suitable for sweat absorption is required. Adjustability and sizing to fit 90% of the user population also needs to be considered in the design and manufacture of safety helmets for people in DC.     

Ecosystem functioning of protected and altered Mediterranean environments: A remote sensing classification in Doñana, Spain

Spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem functioning is a key component of ecological variability requiring special attention in the context of global change. A large history of human use has produced high physiognomic heterogeneity in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, the consequences for ecosystem functioning remain insufficiently understood. We analyzed spectral indicators of matter and energy fluxes in the land surface to classify the functional ecosystem heterogeneity in a Mediterranean region covering different management histories and protection types. We specifically analyzed the spatial variability in seasonal and annual patterns in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface temperature (T_s) and albedo from five Landsat ETM images. Then we classified numerically this variability into ecosystem functional types (EFTs) and explored their seasonal dynamics in terms of photosynthetic radiation absorption and evapotranspiration. We identified eight main EFTs with ecologically relevant differences including contrasting dynamics in fPAR seasonality, great variation in incoming radiation reflection and differing evapotranspiration rates, particularly during the water-limitation period. Functional variability in natural vegetation mostly consisted in dissimilar annual rates of NDVI and albedo, whereas differences in seasonality were more evident in transformed areas. Similarly, the spatial distribution of EFTs was partly associated to protection, with two EFTs exclusive of protected areas and comparatively higher functional diversity in humanized areas. Landform effects on water availability in protected areas and human activities under different ecological settings were seemingly responsible for the large functional diversity of the region. We advocate for the explicit incorporation of multifunctional ecosystem heterogeneity in ecosystem management and monitoring designs.     

DTN网络中PRoPHET路由协议的改进

对DTN网络中PRoPHET路由协议进行了改进,在采用基于效用值来选择DTN路由下一跳的同时,充分利用了临时簇内的端到端的连接.另外,当网络中发生了DTN拥塞时,把拥塞节点上紧急程度低的信息转移到临时簇的周围其它节点,然后传输紧急程度高的信息到拥塞节点.仿真结果表明,与DTN网络中路由协议PRoPHET相比,改进后的路由方法提高了数据包的成功发送率,降低了平均发送延时.     

The influence of IT: perspectives from five Australian schools

Abstract Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are now widespread in Australian schools but with variation in how, where, when and how much they are used. Computers may be located in a computer laboratory, distributed throughout the school, or students may use their own laptop computers. IT may be a subject in its own right or ICT may be used across all areas of the curriculum. It is how ICT is used in the school setting that is important in providing students with the skills to be participate in a 'knowledge society'. This paper examines the ways in which information and communication technologies influence teaching and learning in five Australian schools. Data were gathered through observation, interviews and document analysis in schools operating at the elementary and secondary grades in relatively technology rich environments. Each of the schools participated in the Australian component of the Second Information Technology in Education Study – Module 2 (SITES-M2) of innovative pedagogical practices. Several of the studies were of specific projects where ICT was the key enabler of the learning programme. Others focused on an entire school's approach to ICT as an agent for changed approaches to learning.