导电塑料作为钒电池集流板的研究

以聚乙烯为基体、炭黑为导电填料制备导电塑料板,研究了该导电塑料板导电性、力学性能以及在钒电池电解液中的电化学行为.导电塑料板与铜网复合后与石墨毡组成复合电极作为钒电池的正负极,考察了经过试验电池反复充放电后导电塑料集流板导电性与表面形貌的变化.研究结果表明导电塑料板可以代替石墨用作钒电池的集流板.当钒电池正极存在析氧过程时,会造成导电塑料集流板中的碳流失.     

导电高分子材料研究进展

随着社会的快速发展和科学的不断进步,许多研究人员开始致力于研发新材料。新材料在发展的过程中也受到了高度的重视,这是科学发展的必然结果。导电高分子材料与传统导电材料相比,其拥有许多独特的性能,其高强度、高韧性等特点使其在生产和使用中得到了很好的应用。本文综合近年来科研工作者对导电高分子材料的研究,对导电高分子材料的种类、制备方法及实际应用进行了介绍,并结合相关文献对其今后的发展进行了展望。     

导电高分子吸波材料制备方法研究进展

作为一种新型的多功能材料,导电高分子吸波材料成为近年来研究的热点.重点阐述了近年来国内外导电高分子吸波材料的制备方法,包括纳米管、纳米线高分子吸波材料的模板法、电纺丝技术法等以及复合型导电高分子吸波材料的制备方法,并展望了导电高分子吸波材料的发展前景.     

环氧导电粘合剂的研究

本文研究了以石墨、银粉为导电填料的环氧树脂／咪唑类导电粘合剂;通过固化剂改性,以银粉为主要导电填料,石墨为辅助导电填料,制得一种性能优良、涂覆性好的导电粘合剂。     

导电涂料国内外的发展概况

综述了导电涂料作为高分子导电材料和功能涂料的地位以及导电涂料的构成、用途和国内外发展概况。     

高压电缆半导电屏蔽材料研究进展与展望

半导电屏蔽层是高压交直流电缆的重要组成部分,起到消除电缆绝缘与导体/金属屏蔽界面缺陷、均匀电场的作用。本文阐述了半导电屏蔽复合材料的导电机理及正、负温度电阻系数（PTC/NTC）效应;分析半导电屏蔽层表面光滑度的影响因素,提出基于白光干涉三维表面轮廓扫描的表面光滑度精确评估方法;综述了聚合物基体和导电填料对半导电屏蔽复合材料体积电阻率及PTC效应的影响,表明高长径比填料与炭黑复配填充可有效改善其高温下的半导电特性。针对高压直流电缆,分析半导电屏蔽层界面能带结构对空间电荷注入和积聚的影响机理。最后,剖析现有国产半导电屏蔽材料的局限性,展望了热塑性环保型高压直流电缆用半导电屏蔽复合材料的发展方向。     

中压橡套电缆用半导电屏蔽料导电性能的研究

为了研究各种参数对中压橡套电缆用半导电屏蔽料导电性能的影响,从而更好地提升材料的性能,控制材料的成本,更有依据地对材料配方进行调整,考察了导电炭黑用量、不同基体材料、不同测试温度以及导电炭黑的种类对半导电屏蔽料导电性能的影响。     

导电硅橡胶弹性体的性能与影响因素

介绍了在一定用途的绝缘聚合物上加适量导电填料(导电炭黑)生产导电塑料与导电硅橡胶弹体等导电聚合材料的方法。聚合材料的导电率随填料量的增加先缓慢上升,当填料量达到渗透极限后则以指数曲线快速上升。这种材料的机、电性能取决于原料和加工方法,与温度、拉伸、压力、电场状况等多种因素相关。此材料产品可应用于高电压及电子技术、医疗技术等领域。     

环氧导电粘合剂的研究

本文研究了以石墨、银粉为导电填料的环氧树脂／咪唑类导电粘合剂；通过固化剂改性，以银粉为主要导电填料，石墨为辅助导电填料，制得一种性能优良、涂覆性好的导电粘合剂。     

CuCr触头材料导电特性的三维仿真

从CuCr合金导电特性的唯象过程出发，建立了计算触头材料导电特性的三维单元网络模型。应用此模型分别计算了组份含量、孔隙等参数对材料电导率的影响，并与测量值进行了比较。结果表明了这种模型的有效性。     

FEATURE ARTICLE Conducting Polymer Composites

Conducting polymer composites become increasingly important for technical applications. In this article, the resulting electrical properties of such materials are illustrated by a variety of experimental examples. It is shown that the combined mechanical, thermal and electrical interaction between the filler particles via their electrical contacts and the surrounding polymer host matrix are responsible for the properties of the composite material. A short review is given of the theoretical background for the understanding of the electrical transport in such materials. The arrangement of the filler particles and the resulting conductivity can be described either by percolation or by effective medium theories. It can also be related to different types of charge carrier transport processes depending on the internal composite structure. Special emphasis is given to the microstructure of the filler particles such as size, hardness, shape and their electrical and thermal conductivities. A detailed analysis of the physics of the contact spots and the temperature development during current flow at the contact is given. It is shown that the polymer matrix has a strong influence on the electrical conductivity due to its elastic properties and the response to external thermal and mechanical stimulation. Strong changes in the electrical conductivity of conducting polymer composites can be realized either by thermal stimuli, leading to a positive and negative temperature coefficient in resistivity, or by applying mechanical stress. By using nonlinear fillers an additional degree of functionality can be achieved with conducting polymers.     

Non-linear ferroelectric composite dielectric materials

The use of ferroelectric fillers in polymers can allow the formulation of a composite material which possesses enhanced AC currents at elevated electrical field strengths. This non-linear characteristic can be utilised as a stress relieving mechanism in applications with non-uniform electric fields. The enhanced characteristics are achieved through electrical field dependent permittivity mechanisms, which are occurring within the composite material. These stress relieving materials have distinct advantages over previous stress relieving polymer composites, using conductive or semi-conductive fillers, however, stress relief is only realisable under AC fields. The ferroelectric material used in these investigations is barium titanate, which has been used as a filler in an acrylic base resin system. The experimental results show how both the AC and DC conductivities are influenced by the electrical field strength, at a variety of filler concentrations. The research has also looked into how the AC and DC characteristics change as the degree of cure of the resin system is increased and how the particle size of the barium titanate influences the behaviour of the material.     

直流电缆屏蔽料对XLPE绝缘空间电荷的影响

随着交联聚乙烯（XLPE）绝缘直流电缆电压等级的提高,对半导电屏蔽料的质量及可靠性的要求也越来越高。选用了2种国外高电压等级用直流半导电屏蔽料、一种国产较为优秀的半导电屏蔽料和国内XLPE直流电缆绝缘料作为试验材料,测试了3种屏蔽料的热、电性能,屏蔽与绝缘的复合性能,研究了3种屏蔽料对XLPE绝缘空间电荷的影响。通过对试验结果的综合分析,提出了炭黑填充量、炭黑粒径和基体树脂以及界面结合情况是影响半导电屏蔽料体积电阻率和空间电荷注入的关键因素。     

New technique for the fabrication of conductive polymer/insulating polymer composite films

The electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on an ITO (indium‐tin oxide)‐coated glass electrode with an insulating film of poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, produces a flexible composite polymer film with electrical, optical, and electrochemical properties very similar to polypyrrole (PPy). The rate of electrochemical polymerization depends on the diffusion of the electrolyte across the PVA film to the ITO electrode. In particular, hydrophilic solvents easily penetrate into the PVA film. By applying this new process, we demonstrate a unique method of forming electrically conductive patterns in PVA film. It will be possible to develop electrodes for electrical stimulation of the nervous system using a conducting polymer, PPy. By a similar technique we have fabricated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT/PVA, composite films and have investigated their electrochemical basic properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(4): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21055     

炭黑填充型硅橡胶复合材料的制备及其性能研究

以硅橡胶为基体,T60导电炭黑为填料,制备了填充型硅橡胶复合材料。研究了炭黑填充量、硫化剂用量以及硫化时间对橡胶物理性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明:炭黑填充量、硫化剂用量以及硫化时间均会对橡胶的物理性能和导电性能产生影响。其中,炭黑填充量对橡胶的导电性能影响最为显著。当炭黑用量为20份,硫化剂用量为7份,硫化时间为11 min时,所得橡胶的物理和导电性能最佳,拉伸强度为5.67 MPa,扯断伸长率为133.1%,撕裂强度为16.9 kN/m,邵尔A硬度为81,体积电阻率为165Ω.cm。     

新型银基导电陶瓷复合电接触材料

针对目前触点材料领域的现状和存在的问题及低压电器对触点材料的应用要求,提出了一种研究触点材料的新思路,制成了银基导电陶瓷触点材料。实验结果表明,该材料具有优良的机械性能和电性能,完全可能成为AgCdO的替代品,同时其优良的机加工性能对AgSnO也具有很大的挑战性。     

高导热绝缘高分子复合材料的研究进展

介绍了高导热绝缘高分子复合材料的导热机理,讨论了影响高导热绝缘高分子材料导热性能的主要因素,阐述了高导热绝缘高分子材料的发展方向。     

Effect of filler concentration on electrical conductivity andultralow-frequency dielectric properties

The effect of filler concentration on the dielectric properties in the ultralow-frequency region and on the electrical conductivity was studied for ethylene propylene rubber. First, we investigated the relation between the electrical conductivity and filler concentration: as the volume fraction of fillers q_a increased, the conductivity decreased in the low filler concentration region but increased abruptly in the high filler concentration region. The decrease and increase in conductivity can be explained with the action of carrier traps at the interface between EPR and fillers and with the formation of highly conductive paths of filler across the sample, respectively. Secondly, we studied the dielectric properties in the ultralow-frequency region which was obtained from the discharge current. As q_a increased, the relaxation time decreased in the low filler concentration region and then rose in the high filler concentration region. The polarization in the high filler concentration region can be explained by two-layer interfacial polarization between filler and rubber     

Recent Advances in High-k Nanocomposite Materials for Embedded Capacitor Applications

In this paper, a wide variety of high dielectric constant (k) composite materials which have been developed and evaluated for embedded capacitor application are reviewed. Current research efforts toward achieving high dielectric performance including highk and low dielectric loss for polymer composites are presented. New insights into the effect of unique properties of the nanoparticle filler, filler modification and the dispersion between filler and polymer matrix on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites are discussed in details.     

The Shielding Effectiveness of Composite Media - a Parametric Analysis Supporting an Engineering Perspective

This paper is presented as an example of a parametric approach that may be applied to engineering the radio and microwave properties of composite materials in the context of providing electromagnetic shielding capability. In this case, the composites are formed by a conductive filler component embedded within an insulating material. The effective electromagnetic (permittivity) properties of the composite are modeled under the quasistatic approximation using the McLachlan general effective medium model, which enables the impact of the percolation (insulator-conductor) transition to be explored. Composites within the transition region exhibit a power-law nature to their effective material properties. The power-law exponents may take a range of values above a limiting value set by the dimensionality of the filler particle network within the composite and with the assumption of a perfectly random distribution of filler particles. In practice, the values of the power-law exponents depend on the chemical interactions between the constituents, the processing conditions and the nature of the inter-particle charge transport. The paper demonstrates the implications of different values of power-law exponent in the context of the trade-off between shielding effectiveness and composite thickness.