基于改进蜻蜓算法的光伏全局最大功率追踪

光伏阵列的P-U特性曲线在局部遮蔽条件下呈现多峰现象,针对传统最大功率点跟踪方法易陷入局部极值、群智能算法跟随速度慢的问题,提出一种基于蜻蜓算法和扰动观察法的改进最大功率点跟踪算法.该算法通过优化算法角色,引入Lévy飞行模式加快算法的收敛速度并提高全局搜索能力;结合扰动观察法,提出种群密度的概念,制定最优局部搜索策略...     

局部阴影下光伏电池最大功率点跟踪方法

随着能源和环境问题的日益严重,太阳能作为一种绿色可再生能源得到大力发展。光伏发电是太阳能利用最常见的形式,最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）是提高光伏发电效率的有效途径之一。由于光伏发电系统所处环境复杂,部分组件被遮挡的问题难以避免,传统的跟踪算法可能出现误判。针对此问题,本文以局部阴影下最大功率点跟踪控制为主线展开研究,分析光伏发电原理,搭建了4串2并结构的光伏阵列。通过仿真和编程探究了阵列在局部阴影下的输出特性并总结规律。在此基础上,对最大功率点跟踪进行了理论分析,并基于粒子群算法设计出了有效的控制方法,实现了局部阴影下最大功率点跟踪,利用Simulink进行仿真,验证了算法的可行性。     

一种新光伏MPPT算法及硬件实现和实用性分析

在分析了目前几种比较主流的光伏电池最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法的基础上提出了一种新的光伏电池MPPT算法。利用PIC16F877单片机构建的最小系统控制的Buck电路,实现了新算法的实验验证,新算法较大地提高了MPPT控制器的性价比。同时,这里还提出了一种新的基于IR2110构建的单管高边功率NMOSFET驱动电路,提高了变换器的变换效率。     

基于粒子群优化算法和电导增量法的多峰值MPPT控制

复杂环境条件下,光伏阵列由于被遮挡其输出特性呈现多峰值特性,传统最大功率点跟踪MPPT(maximum power point tracking)算法不再适用。为此,在研究光伏阵列多峰值输出特性的基础上,提出一种基于粒子群优化PSO(particle swarm optimization)算法和电导增量法INC(incremental conductance)的多峰值MPPT算法。该算法分成2步:第1步先由PSO算法将输入位置调整到最优值附近;第2步再由INC算法得到全局最优解,其中对传统PSO算法进行改进,INC算法采用变步长扰动。在Matlab中进行仿真,结果表明该算法可实现复杂环境条件下的最大功率跟踪,并具备较快的响应速度和稳定的寻优效果。     

基于恒电压跟踪法和自适应占空比扰动法的最大功率点跟踪研究

针对光伏阵列传统的最大功率点跟踪方法带来的系统振荡、效率低等问题,提出了一种基于恒电压跟踪法和自适应占空比扰动法相结合的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制策略,分析了该方法的实现流程,并建立了光伏阵列、光伏系统的Matlab仿真模型,对比分析了两种控制策略,评价了在不同光照强度和环境温度下的跟踪性能,得出各个算法的优缺点。最后通过实验证明了所提控制策略的正确性,同时验证了新型MPPT控制策略提高了系统的快速跟踪性能和稳定性。     

An improved MPPT control strategy based on incremental conductance algorithm

PV power production is highly dependent on environmental and weather conditions, such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. Because of the single control condition and any change in the external environment, the first step response of the converter duty cycle of the traditional MPPT incremental conductance algorithm is not accurate, resulting in misjudgment. To improve the efficiency and economy of PV systems, an improved incremental conductance algorithm of MPPT control strategy is proposed. From the traditional incremental conductance algorithm, this algorithm is simple in structure and can discriminate the instantaneous increment of current, voltage and power when the external environment changes, and so can improve tracking efficiency. MATLAB simulations are carried out under rapidly changing solar radiation level, and the results of the improved and conventional incremental conductance algorithm are compared. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively identify the misjudgment and avoid its occurrence. It not only optimizes the system, but also improves the efficiency, response speed and tracking efficiency of the PV system, thus ensuring the stable operation of the power grid.     

基于Fibonacci算法的最大功率追踪法研究

提出一种基于Fibonacci搜索算法的光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪(MPPT)方法,它能在部分遮蔽条件下或日照突变情况下,通过简单有效的控制来跟踪实际的最大功率点。Fibonacci搜索算法经修改后,适用于时变的光伏组件的P-V特性。实验中用DSP实现最大功率跟踪(MPPT)算法,通过改变光伏组件表面的受光面积模拟自然界的光照变化。结果证明,该算法工作可靠,即使在部分遮蔽条件下也有较快的响应速度和较高的准确性。     

Maximum power point tracking of PVsystem under partial shading conditionsthrough flower pollination algorithm

For maximum utilization of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) power systems should be operated at the maximum power point (MPP) which can be achieved using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods. However, the occurrence of multi-peak on P-V curve of a PV array due to the changing environmental conditions such as being partially shaded increases the complexity of the tracking process. The global MPP cannot always be achieved by the conventional MPPT methods. Therefore a novel MPPT method for PV systems using flower pollination (FP) algorithm is proposed in this paper and the Levy flight is used to improve the convergence of FP algorithm. MPPT model of the PV system is established in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the proposed method is compared with two well established MPPT methods. The simulation results indicate that the proposed MPPT method can quickly track the changes in external environment and effectively handle the partially shaded condition.     

A fuzzy maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic systems using a single input current sensor

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is one of the major issues in photovoltaic (PV) systems and plays a vital role in optimal utilization of these systems for practical applications. In this paper, we propose a new MPPT method that requires only one current sensor in PV panel side and uses a fuzzy controller to generate proper duty cycle for the DC–DC converter in a PV system. The input current sensor‐based fuzzy MPPT method (ICSF) exhibits proper operation both under steady state and dynamic tests and also performs well in case of severe environmental variations. The proposed method has been simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink workspace and compared with some major MPPT methods. The results reveal that the proposed method behaves well in various conditions. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于局部阴影下光伏阵列电流特性的最大功率点跟踪算法

光伏发电作为目前太阳能利用的主要形式,容易受到局部阴影的影响,其P-V输出特性曲线呈现多峰特点,使得常规的最大功率点跟踪方法难以准确跟踪到全局最大功率点。通过充分利用局部阴影下光伏阵列最大功率点电流与短路电流之间近似的比例关系,提出一种三步骤全局最大功率点跟踪算法,该算法能够快速准确地跟踪到系统全局最大功率点,且不需要任何附加硬件电路。以1k W的Boost变换器为实验平台,将所提出算法和常规全局搜索法的跟踪过程进行比较,证明了该算法的有效性。     

光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制算法

最大功率点跟踪技术(MPPT)在太阳能光伏发电系统中占有重要地位.针对现有MPPT方法动态性能和稳态性能难以兼顾的不足,提出了一种具有良好动态性能和稳态性能的MPPT方法,该方法通过Boost电路的开路电压的测量及最大功率点电压的非线性计算对最大功率点进行跟踪控制.仿真结果表明,该方法快速跟踪到最大功率点,消弱了最大功...     

基于云层分布规律与太阳光跟踪的光伏电站MPPT策略

针对现有光伏系统最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)较少考虑诸如光照等外界因素或即使考虑也多做定性分析的问题,提出一种基于云层分布规律与太阳光跟踪的大规模光伏电站MPPT策略。首先,分析云层对太阳光的散射、折射与遮挡效应,结合区域云层分布规律,构建太阳光跟踪装置(以下简称检测球)有效指导半径模型以及在光伏电站中优化布点模型;其次,依据光伏板输出功率差异,提出太阳光辐照强度边界自寻优划分方法,并基于光伏板与检测球间相对位置,建立检测球指导光伏板姿态调整数学模型。最后,采用粒子群优化算法获取单个光伏板最大功率点,进而实现光伏电站MPPT。以西北某光伏电站为背景,仿真验证了所提策略的正确性。     

面向直流微电网的升压型光伏发电系统研究*

针对面向直流微电网的升压型光伏发电系统,主要从光伏电池的工程模型、最大功率点跟踪控制技术以及升压型光伏发电系统的性能仿真与数字化实现等方面开展了深入的研究。根据P-U曲线的单峰性,确定了利用升压型变换器的阻抗变换作用和电导增量法相结合的最大功率点跟踪实现方案,并详细分析了电导增量法实现最大功率点跟踪的原理。通过研究传统的固定步长电导增量法最大功率点跟踪控制策略,提出了一种改进的变步长电导增量法,并这两种方法进行了仿真验证,并进行了实验研究。相应的实验结果证明了所设计的改进的的变步长电导增量法,解决了传统的固定步长电导增量法所存在的跟踪速度与稳态精度无法同时调节的问题。     

一种基于优化算法的光伏系统MPPT方法

最大功率点跟踪技术(Maximum Power Point Tracking,简称MPPT)在太阳能光伏发电系统中占有重要地位.针对现有MPPT方法动态性能和稳态性能难以兼顾的不足,提出了一种同时具有良好动态性能和稳态性能的MPPT方法.该方法的核心思想是,将MPPT过程看作求解函数最大值的最优化问题,用迭代的方法迅速找到并稳定工作在最大功率点.以牛顿法为例,在300 Wp三相光伏并网逆变系统上进行了算法实现.并根据实际情况对算法进行了设计,以达到更好的动态性能.仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

A high performance maximum power point tracker for PV systems

The solar cell characteristics are non-linear and largely influenced by solar radiation, temperature and load condition. The power output of a PV array changes with varying temperature and irradiation. A maximum power point algorithm is investigated to obtain maximum power from a PV array on varying operating conditions. So far various methods have been proposed to achieve the maximum power from PV module. The incremental conductance (INC) and perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm are more noteworthy. In this paper two high performance and simple maximum power point tracker (MPPT) are proposed. These algorithms are modified P&O and INC algorithms. These modified algorithms are capable to track maximum power under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions with higher accuracy than their conventional methods. They increase the harvested power from PV array and thus improve the efficiency of MPPT algorithm. The algorithms using a high step-up-DC/DC converter are implemented on MATLAB/SIMULINK tool. The results demonstrate a good performance and accurate tracking under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions.     

光伏电池输出电流控制最大功率点跟踪策略

最大功率点跟踪控制器在光伏系统中起着重要的作用,该控制器可以使太阳电池阵列在一定的外部环境中输出最大的功率,使光伏系统拥有较高的效率。通过Boost变换器实现系统的最大功率点跟踪,应用基于光伏电池输出电流的控制,调整占空比,从而使太阳电池阵列输出功率最大,其优点是结构简单,控制方便,成本低,效率高,传感器精度要求不高。     

基于改进MPPT算法的光伏并网系统控制策略

研究并改进了单相两级光伏并网发电系统的控制策略。以2种基本最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)技术为基础提出了一种结合固定电压法与增量电导法的占空比扰动MPPT算法。在不同的光伏电池运行点采用不同的跟踪方法,通过直接控制直流斩波器开关占空比以达到快速准确的功率跟踪效果。针对该算法的运行条件改进了光伏并网系统整体控制策略。通过直流电压外环的功率平衡控制及比例积分校正,配合内环并网电流反馈控制,使并网逆变器在保持并网电流质量的同时更好地控制直流电压。通过PSCAD/EMTDC软件搭建的光伏并网系统仿真模型验证了改进MPPT算法及逆变器控制策略的有效性。     

基于樽海鞘群算法的仿生智能孤岛检测新方法

为保证分布式光伏发电系统安全可靠运行,考虑到传统检测方法以及现有基于最大功率跟踪(MPPT)检测方法的缺陷,提出一种适用于多变环境下基于樽海鞘群算法(SSA)的MPPT仿生智能孤岛检测新方法。该方法利用SSA实时寻找光伏并网发电系统最大功率点(MPP),通过对DC/DC换流器的占空比周期性地扰动,间接地改变逆变器的输出功率与负载功率的匹配程度,从而判断是否发生孤岛效应,以此避免检测盲区及不均匀光照的影响。依据IEEE Std.929—2000的规定进行仿真验证,验证了新方法的有效性。     

粒子群优化算法在光伏阵列多峰最大功率点跟踪中的应用

局部阴影情况下,光伏阵列功率-电压(P-U)特性曲线呈现多个极值点,传统的最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)方法会失效。研究了粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)在光伏阵列(photovoltaic array)多峰MPPT中的应用,该方法根据多峰P-U曲线的特性,提出将粒子初始位置分散定位在可能的峰值点电压处这一新思路,保证了粒子群算法不会陷入局部极值点且不会错过任何极值点。设置了粒子群算法的参数,同时提出有效的迭代终止策略,能够避免系统趋于稳定时的功率振荡。最后通过仿真验证了该算法在有、无阴影情况下均能够快速且准确地跟踪最大功率点,有效地提高了光伏阵列输出效率。     

MPPT control design and performance improvements of a PV generator powered DC motor-pump system based on artificial neural networks

This paper presents the optimum photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system using maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT). The optimum is suspended to reference optimal power. This optimal technique is developed to assure the optimum chopping ratio of buck–boost converter. The presented MPPT technique is used in photovoltaic water pumping system in order to optimize its efficiency. An adaptive controller with emphasis on Nonlinear Autoregressive Moving Average (NARMA) based on artificial neural networks approach is applied in order to optimize the duty ratio for PV maximum power at any irradiation level. In this application, an indirect data-based technique is taken, where a model of the plant is identified on the basis of input–output data and then used in the model-based design of a neural network controller. The proposed controller has the advantages of fast response and good performance. The PV generator DC motor pump system with the proposed controller has been tested through a step change in irradiation level. Simulation results show that accurate MPPT tracking performance of the proposed system has been achieved. Further, the performance of the proposed artificial neural network (ANN) controller is compared with a PID controller through simulation studies. Obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.