SF6/N2流注放电仿真及协同效应研究

建立反映气体放电过程中粒子运动特性的二维流体模型,采用有限元和通量校正传输法对该模型进行数值求解,计算了50%SF₆+50%N₂在均匀电场下的放电规律,模拟了流注发展过程中粒子密度的分布情况,分析放电过程中带电粒子对均匀电场的影响。搭建气体放电实验平台,测量平板电极下绝缘间隙5 mm时SF₆/N₂混合气体的击穿电压,将SF₆/N₂击穿电压的实测值与折算值进行对比,研究不同混合比、气体压强对SF₆/N₂协同效应的影响。结果表明：随着流注向阳极运动,放电间隙内的电子数密度不断增大;在放电初始阶段,空间电荷对电场的影响很小,随着电荷数量不断增加,空间电场产生明显畸变现象。SF₆/N₂混合气体击穿电压的实验测量值大于折算值,且SF₆含量越高,实测值和折算值越接近。可以看出,SF₆/N₂的协同效应在含有少量SF₆时较明显,而当SF₆含量较高时,混合气体的协同效应减弱。     

550kV SF_6/N_2充气母线绝缘性能研究

由于SF6气体的温室效应,减少SF6气体的使用具有深远的社会意义,用SF6/N2混合气体取代纯SF6气体作为高压电器设备的绝缘介质是减少使用SF6气体的有效措施。介绍了SF6/N2混合气体的优点。从气体放电理论出发,对不同比例SF6/N2混合气体的绝缘性能进行了分析,结果表明:SF6体积分数仅为20%的SF6/N2混合气体击穿强度为相同气体压力纯SF6的70%左右;若SF6体积分数为20%的SF6/N2混合气体的击穿强度要达到纯SF6气体的击穿强度,其总压力应为纯SF6气体的1.4倍。新东北电气集团高压开关有限公司研制的采用20%SF6和80%N2混合气体绝缘,总压为0.6 MPa的550 kV SF6/N2混合气体母线在机械工业高压电器产品质量检测中心(沈阳)顺利通过了绝缘型式试验,且其雷电冲击耐受水平高达1 842.5 kV。因此,用SF6/N2混合气体作为550 kV母线的绝缘介质是切实可行的。     

环保型气体在充气柜中应用分析与研究

六氟化硫(SF₆)气体电气性能良好，但其温室效应严重，使用受到很大限制。通过试验数据对比分析了SF₆、N₂及干燥空气的理化特性、绝缘性能、分解特性、温升效果，发现干燥空气绝缘性能比N₂高10%，但温升效果略低于N₂，而N₂温升值比SF₆温升值高10 K左右。并对比分析了新型环保气体C4-PFN和C5-PFK的理化特性，研究了二者及其混合气体的温升性能及分解特性，给出了各自的应用场合。指出新型环保气体绝缘性能优良，具有良好的应用前景，但存在液化温度高、成本高等问题，对于最佳混合比、气体分子间协同作用有待进一步研究。     

CF4/CO2混合气体工频击穿特性的试验研究

SF₆是目前电气设备中广泛使用的气体绝缘介质,但其产生的温室效应对环境影响极大,因此,研究能替代SF₆的环保型气体绝缘介质具有重要的意义。CF₄是一种具有低温室效应指数（global warming potential, GWP）和低液化温度的强电负性气体。通过工频击穿试验,研究了CF₄/CO₂混合气体的工频击穿特性,并对其协同效应和GWP值进行分析。结果表明：CF₄混合比为50%的CF₄/CO₂混合气体的绝缘强度能达到纯CF₄的90%左右,同时GWP值低,具有用于气体绝缘的潜力;CF₄/CO₂混合气体的协同效应值在0.12~0.38,表现出明显的协同效应。     

550kV SF_6/N_2充气母线绝缘性能研究

由于SF6气体的温室效应,减少SF6气体的使用具有深远的社会意义,用SF6/N2混合气体取代纯SF6气体作为高压电器设备的绝缘介质是减少使用SF6气体的有效措施。介绍了SF6/N2混合气体的优点。从气体放电理论出发,对不同比例SF6/N2混合气体的绝缘性能进行了分析,结果表明:SF6体积分数仅为20%的SF6/N2混合气体击穿强度为相同气体压力纯SF6的70%左右;若SF6体积分数为20%的SF6/N2混合气体的击穿强度要达到纯SF6气体的击穿强度,其总压力应为纯SF6气体的1.4倍。新东北电气集团高压开关有限公司研制的采用20%SF6和80%N2混合气体绝缘,总压为0.6 MPa的550 kV SF6/N2混合气体母线在机械工业高压电器产品质量检测中心(沈阳)顺利通过了绝缘型式试验,且其雷电冲击耐受水平高达1 842.5 kV。因此,用SF6/N2混合气体作为550 kV母线的绝缘介质是切实可行的。     

500 kV SF6断路器复合绝缘套管绝缘介质液化电场研究

为研究复合绝缘子套管中的SF₆气体发生液化对套管内部电场分布的影响,采用电流场有限元法对内部电场进行了求解分析。基于某项目中复合套管参数建立了3D实体模型,假设在重要部位出现液滴进行工频瞬态电场计算,得出整体电场强度分布规律和液滴周围电场强度分布规律。研究发现,轴对称方法不再适用于SF₆液化情况的分析。结果表明,液滴会导致附近电场强度增大,且液滴介电常数越大电场强度越高,电场强度随液滴参数变化最大可能变为原场强的3倍,当液态SF₆的介电常数高且SF₆填充压力低,产生过电压时可能会形成击穿。另外,在地电位屏蔽上发生液化并引起放电的可能性最高,需要额外的加热措施或更换填充气体为SF₆-N₂气体。     

SF6气体密度继电器在极端温度下的性能校验

SF₆气体密度继电器用于监测SF₆气体绝缘电气设备中SF₆气体密度的变化,其性能直接影响电气设备的安全运行。工程中发现,在极端气候条件下SF₆气体密度继电器的温度补偿性能会变差,出现较大误差,因此,SF₆气体密度继电器在极端温度下的性能检验非常必要。介绍一套可在极端温度下对SF₆气体密度继电器进行校验的装置以及针对华北地区的低温校验方法;在试验的基础上提出,在低温情况下应优先选用双金属补偿型密度继电器,而不选用标准腔补偿型密度继电器。通过极端温度时的性能校验,确保SF₆气体密度继电器动作的可靠性和准确性,保证电网安全运行。     

SF6分解物检测在高压直流套管故障诊断中的应用

随着气体绝缘设备在电力系统中的广泛应用,SF₆分解物检测成为电力设备状态评估与故障诊断的有效方法。然而目前的研究大都集中于GIS（气体绝缘开关装置）,在换流站直流穿墙套管和换流变压器阀侧套管方面少有研究。为此,在介绍SF₆气体分解机理和分解物检测技术的基础上,并依据套管分解物检测结果,分析换流站套管SF₆分解物的组分含量及其生成规律。通过2个现场检测套管SF₆分解物异常实例,说明生产现场开展SF₆分解物检测时,应综合实验室检测、电-声-气联合检测及电气试验等手段,并结合历史数据与资料,对异常检测结果进行系统化分析。最后,讨论了SF₆分解物检测技术目前存在的主要问题。     

环境友好型HFO-1336mzz(E)混合气体在负荷开关中的灭弧性能仿真研究

为了减少SF₆在电力设备中使用量，研究了环境友好型SF₆替代气体HFO-1336mzz(E)气体作为灭弧介质在12 kV负荷开关中的应用可行性，建立了2维磁流体动力学仿真模型，在压气式负荷开关结构下进行负荷电流开断过程仿真，对比了0.12 MPa下30%HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO₂、30%HFO-1336mzz(E)/干燥空气混合气体与0.1 MPa下SF₆气体燃弧过程中的电弧电压、灭弧室内温度场、气流场分布以及弧后热击穿特性。研究表明，HFO-1336mzz(E)混合气体熄弧尖峰略大于SF₆，且电弧在轴向上扩散速率大于SF₆。电流快过零时，混合气体的电弧温度比SF₆低1400 K。通过弧后热击穿评估，30%HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO₂、30%HFO-1336mzz(E)/干燥空气混合气体的热开断能力分别可以达到SF₆的95%和96%。研究结果可为HFO-1336mzz(E)...     

SF6测试尾气回收箱设计与应用

SF₆由于其良好的灭弧、绝缘能力以及稳定的化学性质，而被广泛应用于断路器中，近年来的统计数据表明，SF₆断流器在市场上所占份额正在稳步增长。但SF₆同时也是一种温室气体，一旦SF₆大量排入空气将会对环境造成严重的污染，因此，为了保障SF₆断路器的正常运行，保证设备维护人员的安全，减少SF₆气体对大气的污染，研究开发出一种SF₆绿色回收装置就显得尤为重要。本文为实现在单次SF₆气体试验中，SF₆气体的再回收利用，研究设计了一SF₆新型气体绿色回收装置，该装置能够极大地提高SF₆气体利用率，可有效降低SF₆气体试验工作的废气排放量，还可以实现对SF₆回收装置的自给自足，为SF₆气体回收装置的应用提供了一种新的思路。     

Comparison of SF6/N2 and SF6/CO2 gas mixtures as alternatives to SF6 gas

The interest in SF₆ gas mixtures has been re-ignited in recent years by the issue of the greenhouse effect of the SF₆ gas, and most research work is now focused on a SF₆/N₂ gas mixture, which is suitable for application in electrical apparatus with slightly non-uniform fields. This paper presents a comparison of SF₆/N₂ and SF₆/CO₂ gas mixtures with a viewpoint of their possible applications to gas-insulated transformers, where both highly non-uniform field problems and partial discharges in gas/film insulation are inevitable. It is shown that in this case the dielectric strength of SF₆/CO₂ is superior to that of SF₆/N ₂ with a minor disadvantage related to the gas decomposition in SF₆/CO₂. However, this may not be a problem for the SF₆/CO₂ gas mixture to be used in gas-insulated transformers, where internal breakdown is not allowed     

Breakdown Characteristics of N2O Gas Mixtures for Quasiuniform Electric Field under Lightning Impulse Voltage

From the viewpoint of mitigating global warming by SF₆ gas, this paper discusses breakdown (BD) characteristics of different electronegative gas mixtures with N₂O gas as SF₆ gas substitutes for quasi-uniform electric field under lightning impulse voltage applications. Experimental results revealed the positive synergism in breakdown strength of binary N₂O / CO₂ and ternary N₂O / CO₂ / O₂ gas mixtures, respectively. Furthermore, N₂ gas as a retardant gas was also mixed with the electronegative gas mixtures in order to reduce the electron energy into the effective levels of electron attachment ability by the electronegative gas mixtures. As the result, ternary N₂O / CO₂ / N₂ and quaternary N₂O / CO₂ / O₂ / N₂ gas mixtures could exhibit the significant synergistic effect in breakdown strength. The optimum mixture rate of quaternary N₂O / CO₂ / O₂ / N₂ gas mixtures was consistent with that estimated by assuming the independent contribution of component gases to the improvement of impulse BD characteristics.     

SF6/N2 mixtures: basic and HV insulationproperties

The widespread use of SF₆ by the electric power and other industries has led to increased concentrations of SF₆ in the atmosphere. This causes concern as to possible effects on global warming, because SF₆ is a potent greenhouse gas. This paper first touches on this issue and then documents the behavior of high pressure gases such as N₂ and SF₆/N₂ mixtures that can be realistically considered as acceptable intermediate or long-term replacements for pure SF₆ in some HV applications. The possible use of dilute SF₆/N₂ mixtures as an alternative to pure SF₆ for some of industry's insulation needs (albeit at higher pressure) is documented, and existing knowledge on these mixtures and on the individual components (N₂ and SF₆), both basic and applied, is compiled. A guide to existing literature is provided     

Interruption capability of CF/sub 3/I Gas as a substitution candidate for SF/sub 6/ gas

We studied the interruption performance of CF₃I gas because its environmental effect is smaller than that of SF₆ gas with a model arc-extinguishing chamber. First, we measured the arc time constant and arc power loss coefficient using Mayr's equation. Comparing CF₃I with other gases, the arc time constants are SF₆3I2< H₂2. The arc power loss coefficient is H₂>SF₆ >CO₂>Air>N₂ >CF₃I. Next, we evaluated the short line fault (SLF) interruption capability by measuring the di/dt-dv/dt characteristic. Consequently, the SLF interruption performance of pure CF₃I was about 0.9 times that of SF₆. However, CF₃I application to gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and gas circuit breakers (GCB) is difficult because the liquefying temperature of the gas is high. Therefore, we adopted a countermeasure to obtain a lower liquefying temperature mixing CF₃I with CO₂. The result showed that the SLF interruption performance of the mixture approximated that of pure CF₃I when the ratio of CF₃ I exceeds 20%     

Anomalous creeping flashover characteristics in N2/SF6 mixed gas under single pulse voltage

Creeping flashover characteristics for the needle electrode-plane electrode filled with N₂/SF₆ gas mixtures have been investigated. In the case of the needle-plane configuration, the flashover voltage was enhanced by an admixture of SF₆ into N ₂. On the other hand, by the insertion of a solid dielectric barrier between the needle and the plane, only the negative creeping flashover voltage was reduced drastically by the admixture of SF₆ gas into N₂ gas, and a highly emissive region at the top of a creeping corona was found in N₂/SF₆ gas mixture. This behavior is strongly affected by the creeping corona extension process, depending on the creeping distance and the gas pressure     

Very fast transient overvoltages in GIS with compressed SF6-N2 gas mixtures

This paper discusses the characteristics of very fast transient overvoltages (VFTO) in SF₆-N₂ gas mixtures at different percentages of SF₆. A comparison of the VFTO characteristics of pure SF₆ with those of pure N₂ is also presented. The investigations are performed using a laboratory model GIS bus duct having a test gap used for simulating a switching event leading to the generation of VFTO. A capacitive voltage sensor is used to measure the VFTO peak magnitude and temporal characteristics. Measurements were carried out at two different gap spacings (0.20 and 0.61 mm) over a pressure range of 100 to 500 kPa. VFTO characteristics for N₂, SF₆ and SF₆-N₂ mixtures obtained from the experiments show similar trends. The level of surge peak magnitude is <2.0 pu for all cases when the gap was 0.20 mm, but it reaches a maximum of 2.41 pu at 0.61 mm gap. At 0.20 mm gap, in SF₆-N₂ mixtures, the difference in peak magnitudes is not significant for 10% and 20% SF₆ mixtures (between 200 and 400 kPa) and also for pure SF₆ and 40% SF ₆ (between 200 and 300 kPa). The occurrence of corona stabilization during breakdown of the gap may be the cause for such a behavior. Unlike the above observations at 0.20 mm gap, at 0.61 mm gap, the peak magnitudes strictly increase with pressure for the pure gases and gas mixtures. At 0.20 mm gap, the time to breakdown of the gap is found to be almost constant in all cases. But at 0.61 mm gap, the time to breakdown is seen to be dependent on the mixture, pressure, and breakdown voltage, and this observation is in accordance with Toepler's spark law