美国电力市场最新特点及对中国的启示

20世纪90年代以来,美国电力市场经过不断完善、发展,逐渐发展成运营稳定、交易活跃的电力市场。总结梳理了美国电力市场化改革在市场结构、市场规则、市场运行、市场监管、电网电源规划等相关方面的最新特点,分析了美国电力市场化改革中在电网运行安全、电网运行技术和电力公司运营3方面面临的挑战,并且针对中国电力市场建设提出了4方面的建议。     

电力市场环境下的电网安全稳定--第39届国际大电网会议热点问题评介(续)

电力市场环境下的电网安全稳定运行问题是第39届国际大电网会议的一个热点问题。本文评介会议十分关注的电力体制改革对电网安全稳定的影响问题、电力市场环境下的电网动态安全评估和控制问题、电网安全运行风险管理问题以及调度误操作管理问题。介绍WG23／39－14有关电力市场环境下的电网安全运行风险管理的调查和分析结果。     

实时电力市场运营模式

随着电力市场改革的深入，实时电力市场将成为我国电力市场改革的重要内容，也是保证电网在市场环境下安全运行的关键。文中对实时电力市场运营中的报价、交易、阻塞管理等环节的模型和算法进行了分析和研究。设计了基于容量报价和调整报价两种实时报价方法，给出了将区域电价和实时电价相结合的阻塞管理方法以适应我国未来的多级电力市场模式。据此设计了相应的实时电力市场运营模式，根据该模式设计实现了实时电力市场技术支持系统。     

澳大利亚国家电力市场简介

发展电力市场,建立电网商业化运营管理与调度系统,是中国电力工业改革的主要目标。章简要介绍了澳大利亚创建国家电力市场的进程以及该电力市场的结构及运作。     

电力市场改革对电网规划的影响

在我国电力改革的新形势下，为保证电网规划顺利运行，需要解决电网投资方式、输电服务定价、规划方式及方法等一些问题。电力市场中电网规划的目的仍是在保证可靠性的前提下满足日益增长的电力需求，提高总体社会效益。文章对有关电力市场中电网规划的若干问题进行了探讨，提出了一些见解和设想。     

智能电网下需求响应热点问题探讨

利用价格信号与激励机制的需求响应项目可以为智能电网及电力市场运行构建可靠、高效与稳健的反馈机制。随着电力市场改革的不断深入以及智能电网的兴起,已有多个国家建立了基于市场化运作的需求响应项目。建立了适应智能电网及电力市场发展的需求响应理论与应用体系。对智能电网下需求响应理论及其应用层面进行了探索性研究,重点针对需求响应相关的项目决策、风险管理等热点问题进行了探讨,从多角度阐述了需求响应在提高系统安全性、可靠性与经济性等方面的作用。结果表明,智能电网下的新型需求响应项目可以进一步提升用户响应能力,为保障系统安全经济运行提供更有效支撑。     

电力市场环境下的电网安全与稳定

电力市场化进程是电力工业发展的必然趋势,安全稳定性是电力系统运行中最重要的因素.在竞争的电力市场中,各参与方将以追求利润最大化为目的,因此电力市场条件下系统的安全稳定问题将日益凸显出来.针对电力市场环境下的电网安全问题,对电网的安全稳定校核、阻塞调度管理、调度管理和辅助服务等几个方面进行了讨论.     

电力体制改革下的辽宁电网发展研究

梳理了2015年以来国家出台的电力体制改革相关文件,概述了先期试点省份电力体制改革情况。分析电力体制改革配套文件中的电价改革、电力市场建设、售电侧放开等核心内容,探讨改革文件中已经明确和尚未明确的管理环节,并针对电网公司如何科学推进电力体制改革进程提出相关建议。最后结合辽宁电网实际情况,提出辽宁省电力体制改革推进建议。     

电力市场中电网调度的若干问题

本文从电力市场的要求和电网调度在电网运营中的地位和作用出发,对电力市场条件下电网的“统一调度”,对电网调度要成为两个“中心”对电网经济调度中获得的效益应按“利益均分”原则进行分配,以及在电力市场条件下,各利益主体要对电网安全、优质运行共同承担责任等一些电网调度进入市场所不可避免的问题,进行了探索。     

输配分离后电网调度管理模式研究

输电与配电分离对于当前电力调度管理模式和电网调度安全影响巨大.在对国外的经验教训进行总结的基础上,分析了输配电分离对电网运行稳定性的影响,对新的市场环境下的电网调度管理模式进行了研究,提出应坚持统一的调度管理,加强电力调度的管理权力和管理力度,按电网结构而不是以电网内的利益主体设立电力调度管理机构,并给出相应的调度技术...     

Users' Needs Lighting, Start-Up Power, Transportation, Mechanical Utilities, Heating, Refrigeration, and Production

The needs for emergency and standby power to enhance industrial and commercial power systems are frequently left wanting due to ignorance of the needs or of the systems available to satisfy the needs. This paper discusses various situations which require or desire emergency or standby power and mentions suitable systems for each application. The areas discussed include lighting, start-up power, transportation, mechanical utilities, heating, refrigeration, and production.     

光、城市、生活、未来……——世博轴及地下综合体工程艺术灯光景观

工程介绍 世博轴及地下综合体工程（简称世博轴）位于浦东世博园核心区。南起耀华路,跨雪野路、南环路、北环路、及浦明路,到滨江世博公园。     

Grades, Quizzes, Motivation, and Computers

The following paper describes the use of a simple FORTRAN computer program that may be used to determine course grades. The program is based on processing a set of IBM punched data cards. Each card contains the name of a student and all of his grades, including the final examination grade. The program may also be used to predict the final examination grade, based on previous quiz grades, and then, in turn, to predict the final course grade. It is thus possible to use this program periodically throughout the entire semester in order to provide the student, as well as the instructor, with a measure of his progress.     

A new soft-switched, thyristor-based, regenerative, quasi-resonant,current regulated inverter

A variety of soft-switching techniques have been proposed to reduce the switching losses and EMI problems that occur with higher switching frequencies in hard-switched converters. In this paper, a new, quasi-resonant, soft-switched, three-phase inverter is presented which uses 12 thyristors as the power electronic switches, and hence has potential for use in high-power applications. The converter is fully current-regulated, suitable for high-performance motor drive applications, and is capable of 4-quadrant operation to allow regeneration back into the DC supply. The operation and the control of the inverter are described in detail and simulation and experimental results are presented     

Dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet machines

A novel machine family-dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet (RFTPM) machines-is proposed in order to substantially improve machine torque density and efficiency. After the principles of operation, configurations, and features are discussed, the machine design and optimization guidelines are given. A prototype has been designed, built, and tested. The measured torque density of the prototype, which well matches the design value, is almost three times of that of the induction machine with the same power of 3 hp and speed. Meanwhile the efficiency is still kept high and the material cost is kept low by using ferrite magnets. Three novel approaches are proposed to reduce the cogging torque in the RFTPM machines, whose validity is verified by finite-element analysis results and experimental measurements.     

Industrial system grounding for power, static, lightning, andinstrumentation, practical applications

Practically every structural steel building erected for industrial use incorporates reinforcing steel bars installed in the concrete footings. This, without any additional effort, constitutes a grounding electrode. The quantity of electrodes is directly related to the building area. When the structural steel framework is erected and interconnected, these electrodes are also interconnected in a parallel arrangement. Similarly, high-voltage metal transmission towers are installed using a metal footing base embedded in a concrete filled hole. The four tower legs are effectively in parallel and offer an adequate low ground resistance such that additional electrodes are generally not required. This brings us to the main point: the reinforced concrete footings, reinforced concrete grade beams, and other reinforced concrete structures provide, with a little work, an effective, reliable, and cost attractive system grounding vehicle