交流伺服电机高精度转速估计

高精度高性能的伺服驱动系统需要在宽范围内有精度高?响应快及分辩率高的转速估计算法。Ｍ法，Ｔ法和Ｍ／Ｔ法的转速估计误差大，且造成伺服驱动系统调节时间增长，稳定裕量下隆。用状态观测器估计伺服电机转速，，提高了转速估计的精度和分辩率，但状态观测器复杂的计算限制了该方法的推广应用。本文提出了一种新的转速估计算法，提高了转速估计的精度，并且算法简单容易实现。     

基于遗传算法的车用永磁同步电机在线热模型参数辨识方法

随着车用永磁同步电机(PMSM)转速的不断提升，实现对电机绕组与转子温度实时监测在电机热管理系统中至关重要。利用结合电机热模型的在线温升系统同步运算，可以较为经济和准确地对电机关键且难测区域温度进行实时估计。然而，复杂热模型虽然可以保证温度估计的准确度，但会显著提升在线系统的运算量。为解决上述问题，提出了一种新的结合解析化热模型与数据驱动的方法，在实现复杂热模型有效降阶的同时，保证模型精度。经验证，该方法可以将热模型节点数降低超过80%，并使关键区域温度的稳态估计精度达到1.78%，瞬态估计精度达4.18℃，满足热管理系统的快速响应需求和精度要求。     

基于自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波器的永磁同步电机超低速控制

在使用低精度编码器的条件下,为获得永磁同步电机良好超低速控制性能,提出了一种适用于宽转速、高噪声环境下,获得伺服驱动系统瞬时转速、角位移和等效负载转矩的在线估计方法。通过构建基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的最优状态估计器,在线辨识系统转动惯量及迭代更新估计器系数矩阵,实现了准确、实时和稳定的状态估计。仿真和试验结果表明,该算法可获得良好的低速控制性能,并对环境噪声和系统建模误差具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于数据-模型混合驱动的锂电池储能系统状态估计及预警方法

作为调控源-网-荷可靠运行的有效手段,电池储能已向更大规模迈进,而储能电池运行安全和可靠问题是制约其进一步发展和应用的关键环节。针对储能锂电池的运行状态估计和预警问题,本文提出一种基于数据-模型混合驱动的非线性状态估计方法。首先,以经典Thevenin电路模型和扩展卡尔曼滤波构建锂电池的数学模型;然后,提出基于实际系统与模型仿真系统运行状态偏差的非线性估计方法,实现对数-模偏差的有效估计进而实现电池的预警过程;最后,通过仿真算例验证本文所提方法受模型精度、误差以及充放电电流幅值等因素影响较小。本文首次将非线性状态估计（NSET）应用于锂电池预警中,利用模型驱动方法即扩展卡尔曼滤波结合数据驱动方法即NSET,可通过简单的计算精确估计储能锂电池的实时状态并进行预警,具有工程实际应用价值。     

永磁直线同步电动机无位置传感器控制系统的研究

永磁直线同步电动机直接驱动系统的无位置传感器控制中，需要实现电机的位置及速度估计。针对直线电机直接驱动系统具有强非线性，将一种新的滤波方法--Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)应用于直线电机无位置传感器驱动系统的非线性状态估计中。UKF采用确定性采样策略,通过UT变换实现状态均值和方差的非线性传播，避免了扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)产生的线性化误差，并且无需计算雅可比矩阵。同时，采用Cholesky因式分解等方法保证滤波递推过程中协方差矩阵的半正定性，有效地避免滤波的发散，提高算法的计算精度。数值仿真及实验结果表明，所给出的算法是可行而有效的。     

基于AdaBoost-Elman算法的锂离子电池荷电状态估计方法

工作状态下的电池是一个动态的非线性系统,基于数据驱动的机器学习是锂离子电池SOC估计建模的一类重要方法,其中基于神经网络的学习方法是典型代表。针对单一前馈型神经网络(如BP神经网络)预测过程中存在泛化能力低、局部极小化、预测精度低及动态性不足等问题,提出基于AdaBoost-Elman算法的锂离子电池SOC估计方法。该方法充分利用了Elman神经网络的动态特性和AdaBoost算法提高弱预测器精度的特性,使组合后的强预测器具有较强的泛化能力、估计精度和动态特性。与BP神经网络和Elman神经网络的估计精度进行比较,AdaBoost-Elman神经网络的估计精度高、动态特性好,为锂离子电池SOC估计提供了一种新的途径。     

改进U-I法异步电机转子磁链估计器

在磁场定向控制的异步电机驱动系统中，精确的磁链估计是提高系统性能的关键。然而，参数摄动和量测噪声会导致估计器性能的下降。为了减小估计误差，必须抑制这些不确定因素对估计器的影响。在基于跟踪-微分器的电流定向的坐标系中，提出了定子电阻辨识和稳态磁链估计的新方法，该方法本身完全独立于电阻和转速。利用其结果，提出了改进U—I法磁链估计器。该估计器在适应定子电阻和抑止噪声积累方面优于U—I法。仿真表明该估计器具有很高的精度和良好的抗扰性。     

基于改进型平方根UKF算法的永磁同步电机状态估计

针对永磁同步电机驱动系统的状态估计问题,提出一种改进型平方根UKF(SRUKF)的状态估计算法.为避免增加sigma点带来的计算量大问题,依据UT变换理论,采用超球体单形采样方法,使得sigma点的数量减少,从而在与SRUKF算法估计精度相当的情况下,计算量大大减少.考虑系统的非线性,采用SRUKF估计方法研究系统的状态估计问题,避免了扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)产生的线性化误差.同时在滤波过程中采用Cholesky和QR分解,以协方差平方根阵代替协方差阵参加迭代运算,有效地避免了滤波器的发散,提高了滤波算法的收敛速度和稳定性.仿真表明,与EKF、SRUKF估计方法相比,该方法能减少估计过程中的计算量,提高估计精度.     

面装式永磁同步电机驱动系统无位置传感器控制

为了实现面装式永磁同步电机(SMPMSM)驱动系统的无位置传感器运行或位置传感器故障下的系统自适应容错运行,首先介绍基于微分代数的SMPMSM驱动系统转子位置和转速的获取方法,其次研究逆变器死区效应对转子位置估计精度的影响,给出基于纹波电流计算的逆变器死区补偿方案,提出基于微分代数且集成逆变器死区补偿的SMPMSM驱动系统无位置传感器控制方案,进而架构无位置传感器控制的SMPMSM驱动系统。通过系统建模、仿真和实验测试验证了所提出的SMPMSM驱动系统无位置传感器控制方案的合理性和有效性。     

三菱交流伺服主轴驱动系统在数控加工中心上的应用

文章将智能化交流伺服主轴驱动系统应用于数控加工中心，分析主轴驱动系统的原理，给出容量计算及型号选择方法，讨论主轴驱动系统与CNC之间的信号联系与电路连接方法，研究主轴的参数设置，使高性能主轴驱动系统在加工中心上得到合理使用，以满足数控加工的工艺和精度要求。     

Four-switch Three-phase Inverter Performance Fed Sensorless Speed Control Induction Motor Drives Using Model Reference Adaptive System

Abstract—This article presents an investigation of four-switch inverter performance fed three-phase induction motor drives. Speed estimation is based on fundamental wave models using a model reference adaptive system as a speed estimator technique. The motor is fed from a four-switch three-phase inverter. A comparative study for sensorless speed estimation using a four-switch three-phase inverter, and a six-switch inverter is simulated and experimentally investigated at different operating conditions. Also, a comparison of system performance based on the four-switch inverter and conventional six-switch inverter in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion of stator currents is presented. Experimental and simulation results at different points of operation are presented, verifying the robustness of sensorless speed estimation at different load levels. Sensorless speed estimation based on the four-switch three-phase inverter is quite acceptable considering its speed response.     

基于基波PWM激励和简化电流斜率测量的多相永磁同步电机转子位置估测技术

当前基于逆变器基波脉宽调制激励的双三相永磁同步电机（DTP-PMSM）无位置传感器的算法无需注入高频信号即可实现低速和零速控制。但是,该方法在非零电压矢量期间需要多次对电流进行采样,算法的实施比较复杂,对硬件要求较高,阻碍了这种方法在工业中的实际运用。为此,本文研究了一种改进算法。该方法直接利用DTP-PMSM本身的凸极效应,从静止坐标系下,以同步采样的方式提取相邻两个PWM周期内平均电流变化率,进而实现转子位置估测。此新方法实现了为位置估测进行的电流采样与为电流环控制进行的电流采样之间的同步,大幅降低了算法的实施难度。论文最后通过仿真验证了所提新方法在低速和零速运行条件下的有效性。     

一种新的分布式并网逆变器预同步算法

介绍了一种适用于并网逆变器预同步操作的电网电压基波分量递推DFT算法。该算法既能够可靠跟踪电网电压基波分量的相位、频率和幅值,又减少了计算量,保证了算法的实时性。在此基础上,该算法根据等角度间隔采样原理提出以递推DFT运算得到的基波相角为反馈调整采样间隔,实现了对电网电压频率的自适应跟踪,减少了频谱泄漏,提高了基波同步参数检测的精度。相对于传统的锁相环预同步方法,可以在谐波和零点漂移比较严重的情况下精确跟踪电网电压基波分量,从而减小逆变器并网操作对微电网以及逆变器本身的冲击。仿真结果表明了该算法的正确性。     

逆变器供电的电动机变频调速系统实时故障检测

针对逆变器开关元件短路及断路故障问题，提出了一种新的电动机变频调速系统实时故障检测方法。基于对称分量方法，研究了逆变器输出电压信号的正序对称分量，建立了变频调速系统的数字状态空间模型。利用卡尔曼滤波实现了电压信号的基本正序对称分量实时无偏估计，通过实际系统与理想无故障系统基本正序对称分量的比较，提出了基本谱残差的概念，并给出了故障决策函数，实现了调速系统的实时在线故障检测。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

并网逆变器用LCL滤波器新型有源阻尼控制

针对并网逆变器用LCL输出滤波器的不稳定性,在分析LCL滤波器无源阻尼控制算法的基础上,提出了一种基于电容电流估计的三闭环LCL滤波器有源阻尼控制算法.算法引入电容电流内环以抑制系统不稳定的现象,电容电流信号通过估计过程得到.定性分析了提出算法的稳定性.因省去了以往无源阻尼控制算法中用以抑制系统谐振而增加的阻尼电阻,而...     

Neuro-evolutionary approaches to power system harmonics estimation

This paper focuses on exploiting two computational intelligence techniques such as artificial neural network and evolutionary computation techniques in estimation of harmonics in power system. Accurate estimation of harmonics in distorted power system current/voltage signal is essential to effectively design filters for eliminating harmonics. No standard design is available for handling of local minima and training of NN but Evolutionary Computation (EC) techniques are capable of resolving local minima. Neural Network and Evolutionary Computing (Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO)) are combined to achieve accurate estimation of different harmonics components of a distorted power system signal. First estimation of unknown parameters are carried out using BFO, then optimized output of BFO are taken as initial values of the unknown parameters for Adaline. Amplitude and phase of fundamental and harmonics components are determined from final updated values of unknown parameters using Adaline. This Adaline based Bacterial Foraging Optimization (Adaline-BFO) hybrid estimation algorithm addresses the problems of slow convergence and reduction of time generation of off-springs happening in Genetic Algorithm (GA), and to avoid local minima in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The proposed Adaline-BFO algorithm has been applied for estimation of harmonics of the voltage obtained across the inverter terminals of a prototype Photovoltaic (PV) system. From the obtained results, it is confirmed that the proposed Adaline-BFO algorithm provides superior estimation performance in terms of improvement in % error in estimation, processing time in computation and performance in presence of inter and sub-harmonic components when compared with the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Kalman Filter (KF) and BFO algorithms.     

Grid synchronization and control of distributed generation unit with flexible load compensation capabilities using multi-output LMS-filter

This paper deals with grid synchronization and control of single-phase voltage source inverter in distributed generation (DG) systems using a multi-output adaptive filter. Besides the active power injection, the proposed control enables the inverter to compensate load harmonic and reactive currents based on the capacity of inverter. The currents to be compensated are obtained using a multi-output adaptive filter structure that operates on the principle of variable step size (VSS) least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. The main objective of VSS-LMS filter is to decompose the load current into harmonic and reactive current components and compute their RMS values. The currents extracted by the VSS-LMS filter are used in developing a flexible compensation based on load compensation factors. The load compensation factors are calculated based on the remaining capacity of the inverter and priority. Harmonic currents compensation is given first priority over the reactive currents. In addition to harmonic currents detection, the same VSS-LMS filter is used in developing a phase locked loop unit for synchronizing the inverter with fundamental point of common coupling (PCC) voltage. Synchronizing the DG inverter with fundamental PCC voltage would make the proposed control algorithm insensitive to grid voltage harmonics and frequency fluctuations. The feasibility and the efficacy of the proposed control algorithm are demonstrated using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) based experiments.     

基于小型风力系统的单相电压型逆变器控制研究

提出了一种基于小型风力发电系统的单相电压型并网逆变器d-q控制算法。该方法将常应用于三相逆变器中的d-q算法应用于单相电压型并网逆变器。一般来说,应用d-q算法至少需要独立的两相。该文依据正交虚拟电路的概念建立逆变器的第二相,获得独立且正交的两相。理论上,逆变器的输出电压可以达到无穷大的开环增益,从而消除了逆变器在输出电流基波频率时的稳态误差。该文在Matlab-Smulink中对该系统的控制器进行了设计,并取得了较好的稳态及动态性能。     

An approach to real-time position estimation at zero and low speedfor a PM motor based on saliency

This paper presents a magnetic saliency-based position estimation approach for a permanent magnet (PM) motor fed by a voltage-source pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. The proposed real-time estimation algorithm detects motor current harmonics and calculates the inductance matrix, including rotor position information. Position estimation can be performed every period of PWM or carrier cycle. An experimental system using an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor has been constructed. Experimental results verify that position estimation within 10° in electrical angle is obtained at standstill and at speeds as low as 1 r/min by the proposed approach     

A simple instant‐estimation method for time‐average quantities of single‐phase power and application to single‐phase power grid connection by inverter

This paper presents and analyzes a new simple instant‐estimation method for time‐average quantities such as rms values of voltage and current, active and reactive powers, and power factor for single‐phase power with the fundamental component of constant or nearly constant frequency by measuring instantaneous values of voltage and current. According to the analyses, the method can instantly estimate time‐average values with accuracy of the fundamental frequency, and estimation accuracy of the power factor is about two times better than that of voltage, current, and powers. The instant‐estimation method is simple and can be easily applied to single‐phase power control systems that are expected to control instantly and continuously power factor on a single‐phase grid by inverter. Based on the proposed instant‐estimation method, two methods for such power control systems are also proposed and their usefulness is verified through simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 34–43, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20236