Robust direct torque and flux control of adjustable speed sensorless induction machine drive based on space vector modulation using a PI predictive controller

A Direct torque and flux control design for a sensorless induction motor, following a Lyapunov-based stator flux observer is presented. In this control scheme, the torque error signal and the amplitude of the stator flux reference vector are delivered to a PI predictive controller. The predictive controller also uses information on the amplitude and position of the actual stator flux vector and measured stator currents to determine the voltage command vector for space vector modulation inverter. In addition, a conventional PI speed controller is used to generate the torque reference signal. Using the fifth order model of the three-phase induction machines in a stationary two axes reference frame, a nonlinear stator flux observer is developed in order to estimate the rotor speed, rotor and stator resistances simultaneously. The stability of this observer is proved by Lyapunov theory. It is shown that if the persistancy of excitation condition is satisfied, the estimated quantities converge to their real values. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by computer simulation and experimental results.     

自适应FC的无速度传感器感应电机矢量控制系统

设计了一种二维自适应模糊控制器(FC)作为无速度传感器感应电机矢量控制系统的速度调节器.这种自适应模糊控制器可以根据速度给定和负载转矩的变化实时调节解模糊的比例因子.系统使用定转子自适应磁通观测器和转速动态估计器来估算转子磁通和转速,有两个PID控制器分别控制转矩和磁通的电流分量,输出电压空间矢量控制电机.仿真结果表明,与PID控制器比较,FC具有更好的动态性能和稳态性能,鲁棒性得到很大提高.     

直接转矩控制永磁同步发电机相位自校正型定子磁链观测器

直接转矩控制永磁同步发电具有电磁转矩和直流电压输出动态响应快等优点,但这些优点的实现需要准确的定子磁链。实际发电机参数在一定范围内随工作点变化而变化,这就要求定子磁链观测器对这些参数变化具有很强的鲁棒抑制特性。该文提出一种新型定子磁链观测器,该观测器借助有效磁链概念计算出转子磁极位置角观测值,基于此将定子磁链电压模型和电流模型联系起来,无需转子速度信息;为了进一步降低观测的定子磁链相位误差,将观测的定子电流矢量与实际定子电流矢量乘积结果送给PI调节器,利用PI输出值对转子位置角观测值进行校正。实验结果表明,采用该文提出的定子磁链观测器在无需转子速度及参数辨识情况下,对电机参数变化及模拟量采样误差具有很强的鲁棒抑制特性,可以获得准确的磁链观测值,实现电磁转矩和直流发电电压的快速而平稳控制。     

考虑磁饱和的感应电机MTPA转矩控制

感应电机的最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制算法根据需求转矩调节磁链幅值,以达到转矩与定子电流比值的最大化。因磁链随转矩的变化而变化,不再像传统控制算法保持磁场幅值恒定,磁场非线性饱和效应会对控制系统产生影响。针对此问题,该文提出考虑磁饱和特性的MTPA转矩控制系统。根据需求转矩以及饱和模型,通过线性搜索寻找最优磁链目标值,并在计算励磁电流时考虑d轴转子电流的动态特性,用降阶观测器观测转子磁链,并在设计滑模磁链控制器以及反步法设计转矩控制器时考虑观测误差,以确保控制器参数的设置能达到全局稳定。仿真和实验结果证明了所设计控制器的有效性。     

基于直接转矩控制的高性能磁链观测与速度观测

提出了一种高性能的定子磁链和转子磁链的观测方法，并在转子磁链的基础上估算出电机转速，最后将结合磁链观测的速度估计器应用到无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统中。仿真和实验结果表明，这种观测方法能够提高速度的观测精度，增强系统的鲁棒性，并使直接转矩控制系统的低速性能得到较大提高。     

基于自适应观测器的异步电机无速度传感器模糊矢量控制

提出了一种新型的转速自适应磁链观测器,深入研究了观测器的增益矩阵选择,并提出了一种简化的增益矩阵选择方法,同时使观测器的稳定性得到改善。在观测器中进一步引入转矩观测器,提高了速度估计的动态性能。转速和磁链外环采用模糊控制,与传统PI控制器相比,系统的动静态性能得到提高。在实际三电平逆变器平台上的实验结果表明,采用模糊控制和自适应观测器的无速度传感器矢量控制系统在较宽的速度范围内具有良好的性能。     

新型磁链观测器在矢量控制系统的应用

本文介绍了一种改进的定子磁链观测方法,并在此基础上设计了转速估算器。磁链观测器和速度估算器结合起来应用于无速度传感器的矢量控制系统。通过Matlab仿真试验,得到转速、转矩、定子电流及其磁链等的仿真波形。仿真结果验证了该控制方法具有较好的动态响应和较强的鲁棒性。     

具有效率优化计算的异步电动机自抗扰与滑模直接转矩控制

为了克服异步电动机直接转矩控制中转矩和电流脉动大等缺点,设计改进的自抗扰速度控制器取代传统的比例积分(PI)控制器。根据异步电动机的数学模型以及滑模变结构控制理论设计了一种基于转矩误差和磁链平方误差的新型滑模控制器。考虑电机运行过程中负载转矩未知问题,设计了一种基于Super-twisting算法的负载转矩观测器。Super-twisting定子磁链观测器的应用提高了观测精确度。通过效率优化计算得出稳态时最优定子磁链,并将其引入调速系统。仿真试验结果表明,该控制策略有效地减小了转矩和电流脉动,并且对外部扰动具有较强抑制作用,同时能够降低电机运行损耗,具有良好的动态和稳态性能。     

Design and implementation of a closed-loop observer and adaptivecontroller for induction motor drives

This paper discusses the implementation and experimental results of a closed-loop rotor flux observer and model reference adaptive system (MRAS) of a direct field-oriented control (FOC) of an induction motor drive. The motor was supplied from a high-frequency (20 kHz) AC resonant link via a MOS-controlled-thyristor (MCT)-based bidirectional converter. Hardware and software implementations of the various motor control functions are presented. The closed-loop observer combines the current and voltage models via a speed-dependent gain (SDG). The current model was formulated to operate in the rotor reference frame and requires only an encoder angle and not the actual rotor speed for implementation. The closed-loop observer permits the use of a pure analog integrator to calculate an adequate stator flux. The use of an AC resonant link further complicated an all-digital calculation of the stator flux. The observer and adaptive controller were tested on a 400-Hz 2-hp induction motor for low and high speeds. The closed-loop observer showed sensitivity at low speeds to the rotor circuit time constant which attributed to the current model rotor flux estimation. At high speed, the closed-loop observer followed the voltage model rotor flux estimation attributes. The MRAS was able to improve the complete speed response by correcting the current model rotor flux observer for errors in estimation of its parameters     

Nonlinear adaptive state-feedback speed control of a voltage-fed induction motor with varying parameters

An adaptive nonlinear-state-feedback speed control scheme of a voltage-fed induction motor has been developed in which the control of torque and flux is decoupled. The inputs to the control algorithm are the reference speed, the reference flux, the measured stator currents, the measured rotor speed, the estimated rotor flux, and estimates of the rotor resistance, stator resistance, and load torque, which may vary during operation. The controller outputs are the reference stator voltages in rotor-flux rotating reference frame. An accurate knowledge of the rotor flux and machine parameters is the key factor in obtaining a high-performance and high-efficiency induction-motor drive. The rotor flux is estimated using the induction-motor rotor-circuit model. Although the estimated rotor flux is insensitive to the stator-resistance variation, it does depend on the rotor resistance. A stable model reference adaptive system (MRAS) rotor-resistance estimator insensitive to stator-resistance variation has been designed. Stable stator-resistance and load-torque MRAS estimators have also been developed. These estimators have been developed to constitute a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) decoupled-cascade structure control system. This simplifies the design problem of the estimators for a stable operation from a MIMO design problem to a single-input-single-output (SISO) design problem. The continuous adaptive update of the machine parameters and load torque ensures accurate flux estimation and high-performance operation. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the stability of the induction-motor drive in various operating modes.     

基于DSP的新型无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统的研究

将磁链状态预测器应用于直接转矩控制系统中,取代了传统的积分器,同时与一种简单实用的速度估计器成功地结合在一起,实现了系统的无速度传感器运行状态,针对1.1kW异步电机,采用数字信号处理器DSP（TMS320C232）进行了数字化实现,仿真与实验结果表明,该系统对电机定子磁链的观测精度高,速度估算准确,尤其是在较低转速下仍能保持很高的性能。     

基于新型定子磁链观测器的直接转矩控制

文中提出一种基于转子位置的面贴式永磁同步电动机的定子磁链估计方法。该方法从转子的位置信息和定子电流预测定子的磁链。给出了磁链观测器的数学模型，并在空间矢量调制直接转矩控制（SVM-DTC）策略中对该磁链观测器与常规电压积分式观测器进行了比较研究。仿真与实验结果表明，采用该观测器的SVM-DTC可以在2％-100％额定转速内稳定运行，电流波形畸变小，转矩性能优越，而采用常规电压积分式观测器的SVM-DTC在转速低于15％额定转速已不能稳定运行。     

Digital current regulation of field-oriented controlled inductionmotor based on predictive flux observer

A new technique based on deadbeat control theory is proposed to control induction motor stator currents under field-oriented control. Stator currents and motor speed were measured. Rotor fluxes are predicted using a state observer with variable poles selection. Then, the pulse-width-modulated (PWM) pattern of the inverter is controlled such that the stator currents are exactly equal to the reference currents at every sampling instant. From the theoretical analysis, digital simulations, and experimental results, the following conclusions were made. The deadbeat controller permitted low current ripple with lower switching frequency, which, in turn, resulted in low torque ripple. The predictive state observer made possible the estimation of rotor flux with very low sensitivity to parameter variation and then contributed to performance improvement of conventional vector control     

基于定子磁链全维状态观测器的直接转矩控制

为克服纯积分器的积分初值、误差累积以及直流偏移等缺陷,提出了基于全维状态观测器的永磁同步电机定子磁链观测方法.以定子磁链作为状态向量构造系统状态方程,以电流作为输出向量构造系统输出方程,配置观测器极点正比于电机模型极点,并采用Matlab中的鲁棒极点配置算法进行观测器反馈增益阵的计算.实验表明,采用全维状态观测器对定子磁链观测的准确度更高,所构成的直接转矩控制系统具有更好的性能.     

基于转速动态估计器的无速传感器感应电机矢量控制系统

介绍了一种直接转子磁场定向无速度传感器的感应电机矢量控制系统.该系统使用定转子自适应磁通观测器和转速动态估计器来估算转子磁通和转速,有三个PI控制器分别控制转速、转矩和磁通的电流分量,输出电压空间矢量控制电机.仿真结果表明,该系统具有较好观测精度和鲁棒性,动态和稳态性能也较好.     

一种新型的磁链与速度观测器在异步电机直接转矩控制系统中的应用

文章将定子磁链观测器应和于直接转矩控制系统中,取代了传统的积分器。同时,依据磁链观测器的输出电流设计出一种新型的速度观测器。针对1．1kW异步电机,采用数字信号处理器DSP（TMS320C32）进行了数字化实现。仿真与实验表明,该方案对电机定子磁链的观测精度高,速度估计快速准确。     

Experimental verification for stability improvement of sensorless vector control system of induction motor using real‐time tuning of observer gain

This paper proposes a method for the design of the adaptive rotor flux observer gain to improve stability at low speed and in regenerating mode. The method is based on stability analysis, which utilizes a linearized model considering all systems, including each control loop. Therefore, the proposed method considers the effects of motor constants and control circuit constants. The stability analysis using the transfer function for the rotor speed considers the arrangement of poles and zeros and the steady‐state error. The rotor flux observer gain which improves the stability for each operating condition is ascertained. This paper also proposes a real‐time tuning method for the observer gain. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed by simulation using Matlab Simulink and by experiment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 67–81, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20715     

基于新型磁链观测模型的矢量控制系统研究

在异步电动机数学模型的基础上,介绍了一种改进的定子磁链观测方法,并在此基础上设计了转速估算器.磁链观测器和速度估算器结合起来应用于无速度传感器的矢量控制系统.通过Matlab仿真试验,得到转速、转矩、定子电流及其磁链等的仿真波形.仿真结果验证了该控制方法具有较好的动态响应和较强的鲁棒性.     

基于转速动态估计器的无速度传感器感应电机矢量控制系统研究

介绍了一种直接转子磁场定向无速度传感器的感应电机矢量控制系统。该系统使用定转子自适应磁通观测器和转速动态估计器来估算转子磁通和转速 ,有三个PI控制器分别控制转速、转矩和磁通的电流分量 ,输出电压空间矢量控制电机。仿真结果表明 ,该系统具有较好观测精度和鲁棒性 ,动态和稳态性能也较好     

A simplified approach to continuous on-line tuning offield-oriented induction machine drives

A simplified approach to the continuous online tuning of rotor flux feedforward field-oriented induction machine drives is presented. The procedure offers the advantage of not requiring a special test signal or special test conditions. The approach takes advantage of the stator voltage equations which allow robust parameter-insensitive estimation of the electromagnetic torque while operating at nominal speeds for which the stator IR voltage drop is negligible (≈5 Hz and above). This torque computation is independent of the rotor flux field-oriented control. In essence, the approach uses a stator flux controller to detect improper tuning of the feedforward rotor flux controller. The theoretical and practical implementations of such a continuous self-tuning system are presented. Experimental results are based on a rotor flux feedforward field-oriented induction machine servo drive