110kV线路ZnO限压器雷电放电电流计算

本文对雷击110kV 线路时,安装在线路上的 ZnO 限压器所承受的雷电放电电流进行了数值计算,考虑了雷电流幅值、杆塔冲击接地电阻、限压器残压等对放电电流的影响。     

110kV线路Zno限压器雷电放电电流计算

本文对雷击110kV线路时，安装在线路上的ZnO限压器所承受的雷电放电电流进行了数值计算，考虑了雷电流幅值，杆塔冲击接地电阻，限压器残压等对放电电流的影响。     

特高压交流输电线路的雷电屏蔽分析模型

绕击是引起超高压、特高压输电线路雷击跳闸的主要原因。将低电压等级输电线路绕击防护经验直接外推至更高电压等级时具有一定的局限性,可能导致新建线路的绕击耐雷性能显著低于预期值。基于先导发展的绕击分析模型细致地考虑了影响雷击发展物理过程各种因素的影响,较传统工程化分析方法更适用于新建电压等级线路的绕击性能评估。但由于对雷击物理过程和长间隙放电机理认识的不足,不同时期不同学者对雷击过程描述所采用的模型和方法不尽相同,若将现有学者所提出的绕击分析模型直接用于工程中,不同分析模型所得结果差异较大。为此,通过对比现有的雷电观测资料,认为Cooray提出的下行先导通道模型与最新的雷电观测结果比较相符;对迎面先导起始工程判据的对比分析结果表明,当导线对地高度10.0 m时,Rizk感应电压法和临界电晕半径法计算得的先导起始电压结果一致,外推至实际导线对地高度时,Rizk感应电压法的计算结果与长间隙放电理论相违背;同时依据长间隙放电理论,提出了下行先导和迎面先导的相对速度比近似等于迎面先导通道单位长度电压降与导线感应电压增量之比的迎面先导持续发展条件,建立了基于Schwarz-Christoffel变换的能考虑任意地形的2维特高压输电线路雷电屏蔽分析模型;该分析模型解释了传统先导发展模型无法解释的特高压输电线路ZMP2和ZBS2型杆塔的中相屏蔽问题。计算结果表明,在典型的平原、斜坡和山顶地形下,ZMP2和ZBS2型杆塔的绕击跳闸率低于设计预期值0.1次/(100 km.a)。     

±500 kV直流输电线路雷电屏蔽模拟试验研究

模拟试验是研究超/特高压输电线路绕击特性的一个重要手段,针对直流线路标称电场对线路雷电绕击特性的影响问题开展模拟试验研究,首先从模拟试验比例尺的确定、地闪先导过程近区电场的模拟和模型线路标称电场模拟三方面论证了试验的物理等价性;在计及直流电压的条件下,通过放电试验得出了±500kV输电线路G4–40型杆塔绕击空间分布;试验中观测到主放电击中导线(或避雷线)的同时,避雷线(或导线)上残存的迎面流注。依据试验现象,定性分析了标称电场对绕击特性的影响机理;对试验结果定量分析表明,计及直流电压后G4–40型杆塔正极绕击率为不考虑直流电压时的1.79倍。     

1000kV杆塔防雷研究

国内外特高压输电线路运行经验表明:导致特高压输电线路跳闸事故的主要原因是雷击,并且随着电压等级提高,雷击导致跳闸的概率逐渐增大。本文以1000k V输电线路为研究对象,分别仿真并且分析了4种不同经典单回杆塔的绕击跳闸率.并且采用电磁暂态计算程序ATP-EMTP,对雷电波反击进行仿真,研究分析4种杆塔对雷电波在线路中传播的影响。     

改进电气几何模型计算输电线路绕击率

利用改进的电气几何模型,计算分析了输电线路杆塔结构,避雷线和导线的布置,雷电流的幅值和雷电流入射角,以及地面倾角对绕击率的影响。算例表明了绕击率的变化趋势。在杆塔合理的结构下调整杆塔参数,使绕击率减小,可为设计线路部门提供依据。     

不同地形地貌的雷电流幅值概率分布对输电线路雷击跳闸的影响

为了分析不同地形地貌条件下的雷电流幅值概率分布特征,首先以1999—2008年的雷电定位数据为样本,统计分析了广州市平原和山区的雷电流幅值概率分布特性和差异及其原因,然后根据平原和山区不同的雷电流幅值概率分布计算了不同电压等级下典型杆塔输电线路的绕击和反击危险电流概率。研究结果表明,造成广州市平原雷电流幅值比山区大的主要原因是土壤电阻率和海拔因素。此外,雷电定位系统测量雷电流幅值的办法存在一定误差,对研究结果会产生一定的影响。     

500/220kV同塔四回线路的耐雷性能研究

为准确评估500/220 kV同塔混压四回输电线路的耐雷性能,在采用改进电气几何模型(EGM)与电磁暂态程序(EMTP/ATP)计算其绕、反击跳闸率后分析了避雷线保护角、杆塔呼称高度、地面倾角等对5002、20 kV线路绕击耐雷性能的不同影响及杆塔呼称高度、接地电阻、耦合地线架设方式等对500、220 kV线路反击耐雷水平的不同影响。计算结果表明,同塔混压四回线路中不同电压等级线路防雷击侧重点不同,即500 kV线路绕击相对严重,220 kV线路反击相对严重。最后提出了改善线路雷电性能、降低雷击跳闸率的措施,在实际工程中,建议从降低杆塔呼称高度、采用负保护角以及架设耦合地线等方面综合考虑。     

操作冲击电压下空间电荷对棒—线间隙放电的影响

绕击是造成超特高压输电线路雷击跳闸的主要原因,而在绕击事故中,空间电荷的作用不容忽视。为研究空间电荷对雷电绕击输电线路的影响,笔者对150 cm棒—线间隙施加正负操作冲击电压,采用高速摄像系统对放电发展过程进行观测并对外径不同的线电极上的击中次数进行了统计分析,测量了棒对不同外径线电极的预放电电流,采用积分电流法得到线电极周围的空间电荷量,通过ANSYS仿真得到空间电荷对电场的影响。实验结果发现:正操作冲击电压下空间电荷的屏蔽作用对放电击中点的影响较大,而负操作冲击电压下,空间电荷的屏蔽作用不是影响击中次数和放电路径的主导因素;空间电荷的屏蔽作用与线电极的尺寸有关,线电极的外径越大,其表面空间电荷的屏蔽作用越小。     

±800kV同塔双回直流线路杆塔空气间隙的放电特性影响因素研究

±800 kV同塔双回线路电压等级较高,且杆塔形状和杆塔尺寸较±500、±660 kV直流输电线路杆塔都有很大差别,因此其空气间隙的放电特性有不同特点。为选择合适的±800 kV同塔双回直流线路空气间隙距离值,对影响±800 kV同塔双回输电线路杆塔上、下层空气间隙冲击放电特性的因素进行了真型尺寸模拟试验研究。研究了下层塔身宽度对杆塔下层间隙操作冲击放电特性的影响,均压环尺寸对直流V串塔头空气间隙放电特性的影响,直流运行电压对塔头间隙冲击放电特性的影响,±800 kV同塔双回输电线路杆塔下横担对上层间隙操作冲击放电特性的影响,并校核了下横担到上导线距离减小后杆塔的耐雷性能。研究结果表明:原有的塔身宽度对间隙操作冲击放电影响的修正公式已不适用于±800 kV同塔双回直流线路塔头;均压环尺寸大小与放电电压正相关;导线直流电场对间隙的放电路径有明显影响,但对放电电压影响不大;杆塔上导线到下横担的间隙距离可适当减小,但间隙距离减小后,杆塔的反击耐雷性能及绕击耐雷性能都略有降低。该研究结果可用于指导±800 kV同塔双回输电工程的设计。     

复合外套避雷器在昌房500kV紧凑型线路的防雷效果分析

５００ ｋＶ昌房紧凑型线路采用线路避雷器后,能较大地提高线路的耐雷水平。紧凑型线路避雷器本体的荷电率取０．９,完全能承受雷击杆塔时的放电电流和放电能量。     

基于ATP的35kV架空线路耐雷水平研究

针对某矿区35 kV架空线路4号-8号杆塔之间线路易受雷击、杆塔接地电阻值超标的问题,通过对雷电流、架空线以及避雷器进行建模,对杆塔和绝缘子进行选型,确定了架空线阻抗、绝缘子串50％闪络电压、雷电波通道阻抗等参数,运用电磁暂态分析工具ATP对该端架空线路的耐雷水平进行仿真分析,定量分析了未装设避雷器情况下接地电阻改善前后杆塔的耐雷水平,在此基础上对该线路段装设避雷器的组数和安装位置进行仿真分析,结果为在4号-8号杆塔之间的5号和6号杆塔安装两种避雷器能最大程度地提高耐雷水平.     

Modelling lightning performance of transmission systems usingPSpice

Understanding the lightning performance of a transmission line requires visualization of the current waveform of the lightning stroke, the voltage wave produced by the lightning current, the propagation of this voltage wave, and the possible flashover of insulators and/or lightning arresters. Without the use of a simulation program, this topic would be difficult to understand. PSpice was selected as the software to generate the appropriate data needed to demonstrate this phenomenon graphically. A discussion is given of the models available in PSpice which were used to simulate this physical phenomenon successfully. The models developed to simulate the insulator strings and lightning arresters are also presented. These models are crucial to the complete simulation, and a study is provided which uses all the models discussed     

应用线路避雷器提高交流输电线路耐雷水平

线路避雷器在雷电活动强烈、降低杆塔接地电阻困难的特殊线段上使用 ,可有效提高输电线路的耐雷水平。耐雷水平的提高与线路避雷器的安装方式和安装组数有关 ,且应尽量降低杆塔的冲击接地电阻。线路避雷器仅能保护安装了线路避雷器的杆塔自身的线路绝缘子 (串 )不发生雷击闪络 ,无外延的雷击保护范围。     

Simulation of Lightning Overvoltage Distribution on Stator Windings of Wind Turbine GeneratorsEI北大核心CSCD

This paper analyzes lightning surge on the stator windings of wind turbine generators. The path of lightning in the wind turbines was analyzed. An equivalent circuit model for megawatt direct-driven wi...     

Suppression of lightning-induced overvoltages by distribution line surge arresters

The primary aim of surge arresters in power distribution lines is to protect lines and equipment from the voltage induced by nearby lightning strokes. To further improve power systems, methods to protect distribution lines against direct lightning strokes are still needed. An effective measure against direct lightning strokes is to increase the number of arresters. However, if the surge current is too large, some surge arresters absorb energy in excess of their capability and may break; this leads to a line fault. To evaluate the protective effect of the surge arresters against direct lightning strokes to overhead ground wire, the authors measured both the voltage across the surge arresters and the energy absorbed by them using a full-scale model line and a 12 MV impulse generator. The results were compared with simulation results by EMTP. There have been no previous studies making a comparison of this kind.     

Energy stress on transmission line arresters considering the totallightning charge distribution

Transmission line arresters may be subjected to high energy stresses caused by lightning. Calculations of energy stresses were carried out for a typical line arrester installation. Three line configurations with different degrees of shielding efficiency were used for the study. The primary statistical parameter was the charge of the flash, including multiple strokes. The effect of stroke current magnitude was also investigated. The calculated results were compared with energy stresses in standardized tests on surge arresters     

Detection of Damaged Distribution Surge Arresters Using an Impulse Generator

Distribution surge arresters with an internal series gap have been installed on Japanese distribution lines at high density to reduce lightning‐related overvoltages. In contrast, surge arresters are sometimes damaged by direct lightning strokes, particularly in winter. Measurement of the insulation resistance between the terminals of the surge arrester and measurement of the dc discharge voltage of the surge arrester are generally adopted to detect damaged arresters. However, if metal‐oxide (MO) varistors are damaged and the internal series gap is not damaged, it is difficult to detect damaged arresters by the two conventional methods. Therefore, this paper presents a proposed detection method that can accurately detect damaged arresters. In the proposed method, first, the voltage between the terminals of the surge arrester is measured when the output of an impulse generator is applied to the surge arrester. Second, the damaged arrester is detected by comparison between its voltage waveform and the voltage waveform of the nondamaged arrester. The detection rate of damaged arresters by the proposed method is markedly higher than the rates of detection by the two conventional methods.     

Assessment of surge arrester failure rate and application studies in Hellenic high voltage transmission lines

The use of transmission line surge arresters to improve the lightning performance of transmission lines is becoming more common. Especially in areas with high soil resistivity and ground flash density, surge arresters constitute the most effective protection mean. In this paper a methodology for assessing the surge arrester failure rate based on the electrogeometrical model is presented. Critical currents that exceed arresters rated energy stress were estimated by the use of a simulation tool. The methodology is applied on operating Hellenic transmission lines of 150 kV. Several case studies are analyzed by installing surge arresters on different intervals, in relation to the region's tower footing resistance and the ground flash density. The obtained results are compared with real records of outage rate showing the effectiveness of the surge arresters in the reduction of the recorded failure rate. The presented methodology can be proved valuable to the studies of electric power systems designers intending in a more effective lightning protection, reducing the operational costs and providing continuity of service.     

氧化锌避雷器技术性能和选择原则

分析了避雷器在电力系统中的作用及它的基本特征.针对氧化锌避雷器的三个最重要的参数:额定电压、持续运行电压和雷电波残压,给出了不同使用场合的避雷器的技术参数及选用原则.正确选择氧化锌避雷器,确保电力系统安全经济运行.