氢氧等离子体合成过氧化氢过程的能效研究

为提高氢氧等离子体合成H2O2技术的能量效率,通过分析放电过程的反应器能效及电源能量注入效率,确定了影响合成总能效的主要因素。考察了反应器电极间距、电源放电频率及注入功率对反应器能效和电源能量注入效率的影响。发现减小电极间距、提高放电频率和注入功率有利于提高反应器能效,但不利于提高电源能量注入效率。本研究中可以得到150 gH2O2/kWh的反应器能效,但由于较低的电源能量注入效率,致使合成H2O2的总能效不超过9 gH2O2/kWh。因此,提高等离子体法合成H2O2过程的总能效,不仅需要设计高能效的等离子体反应器,还需为反应器负载开发适配的电源,而后者是提升该技术能量效率的关键。     

Electron-Ion Transport in ZrO2-Y2O3-CeO2 Ceramics

Simultaneous conduction of oxide ions and electrons in solid ceramic systems provides the capability for oxygen transport under a concentration gradient without the need for an externally applied electric field. In the present study, ionic transference numbers have been measured in the ZrO₂-5.8%Y₂O₃-10%CeO₂ system by open circuit Emf measurements involving different metal/metal oxide electrodes. In order to correlate the ionic transference number with grain size, high-density ceramic discs of different grain sizes (50 nm–5 m) were prepared by sintering pressed powders at various temperatures and times. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to prepare nanocrystalline powders of the above material with uniform crystallite size (10 nm) and chemistry. Emf measurements on the samples suggested both ionic and electronic transport, the ionic transference number decreasing with increase in the grain size. This observation was attributed to an increase in the amount of continuous crystalline grain boundary phase in the ceramics as the grain size increased. The presence of crystalline silicate and zirconate phases in the grain boundary region was confirmed by electron microscopic imaging combined with microanalysis. In the large grain (5 m) ceramics, the ionic transference number decreased linearly with temperature. As the grain size decreased, a maximum occurred in the ionic transference number vs. temperature curve. This maximum became more pronounced at smaller grain sizes. Better grain-grain contact and the doping effect of trivalent Ce in the grain boundary core are proposed to explain this observation.     

RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2析氧催化剂的制备工艺

以Ti N、RuCl3和H2IrCl6为原料,用真空浸渍-热分解法制备了RuO2-IrO2-Ti O2,研究了煅烧温度和n(Ru+Ir)∶n(Ti)对产物的影响。XRD分析表明:Ti N在高温煅烧时氧化生成金红石型Ti O2,RuO2、IrO2和Ti O2以固溶体的形式存在。CV、阳极极化曲线和EIS测试表明:RuO2-IrO2-Ti O2的最佳煅烧温度为400℃,随着n(Ru+Ir)∶n(Ti)的提高,催化剂的活性增强;在相同电位下,RuO2-IrO2-Ti O2的电流密度大于IrO2,可用作固体聚合物电解质(SPE)水电解催化剂。     

富氧火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅钙锡合金中的锡

采用富氧火焰 (Air—C2 H2 —O2 )原子吸收光谱法直接测定铅钙锡合金中 0 1%以上的锡。对仪器工作条件、测定体系酸度、共存离子干扰等作了研究。方法准确度高 ,结果重现性好     

Thermoelectricity of p-Fe2O3-SO3-SiO2-others and n-Fe2O3-SiO2-CuO-others

Thermoelectric minerals have been found at Loei Province, in the northeastern part of Thailand. Local mineral specimens were prepared in the powders and bulk solids form by crushing, calcination and annealing, pressure and sintering, cutting and polishing. Mineral samples were used to analyze the composition and phase, determine the thermoelectric property and efficiency, design and construct a thermoelectric generator. Chemical composition and phase identification of powder samples were analyzed by the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. XRF and XRD results indicated that the mineral samples comprised the SO₃-CaO-SiO₂-others, Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others, Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-others and Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others. From the thermoelectric property and efficiency determinations, the p-SO₃-CaO-SiO₂-others, p-Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others, n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-others and n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others bulks were found to exhibit the thermoelectric figure of merit in orders of 10^?14, 10^?11, 10^?14 and 10^?13 K^?1, respectively. A fabricated thermoelectric generator made from ten pairs of p-Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others and n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others legs that can be provided the open circuit voltage and short circuit current up to 48.30 mV and 0.14 μA for a temperature difference of 39.80 K at room temperature, respectively. While the internal resistance decreased and reached a value of 665 kΩ.     

Mixed Hydroxide Precursors for La2Ti2O7 and Nd2Ti2O7 by Homogeneous Precipitation

Feasibility of formation of stoichiometric precursors of either M₂ (TiO)₂(C₂O₄)₅ 4H₂O (M = La and Nd) or coprecipitated hydroxides of M(OH)₃+TiO(OH)₂ was investigated by two solution routes at different pH values. Composition of precipitates obtained at pH = 7.0 by coprecipitation method starting from La or Nd nitrates and potassium titanyl oxalate corresponded to a physical mixture of La or Nd(C₂O₄)₃ 9.5H₂O and TiO(OH)₂7·H₂O which on thermal decomposition did not yield phase pure M₂Ti₂O₇. However, precipitation from La or Nd nitrates and titanium tertrachloride by urea hydrolysis yielded homogeneous mixture of hydroxides of La or Nd and Ti, which on pyrolysis at 950°C yielded phase pure La₂Ti₂O₇ and Nd₂Ti₂O₇. Use of potassium titanyl oxalate as precursor for Ti, led to selective precipitation of La or Nd oxalate even at pH as low as 0.1 leading to sequential precipitation of La or Nd oxalate followed by Ti hydroxide at pH = 3.0. The resultant precipitate on pyrolysis underwent typical solid-state reaction.     

Large motors for zone 2 and division 2

The safety of people working in either in division 2 or zone 2 hazardous (classified) locations and the protection of the facility is a prime concern. Worldwide, local authorities having jurisdiction mandate the codes and/or standards necessary to assure safety and protection. Two parallel approaches, North American NEC/CEC and international IEC systems, address the requirements of equipment installed in these locations. While essentially equal, the two systems are not interchangeable, and it is the obligation of the purchaser to advice which code is appropriate for the installation. It is also the responsibility of the purchaser or user to satisfy requirements of the LAHJ. A quick summary is provided in the "Summary of NEC, CEC, and IEC Requirements." NEC/CEC codes allow the manufacturer design leeway in the safe construction of motors and generators. These machines have a documented history of successful, incident free, operation for over 100 years.The machines made to the IEC EX "n" standard have the same consideration for the occurrence of arcing or sparking and include supplementary requirements for design, construction, and validation testing. The machines designed for division 2 hazardous area meeting the North American requirements of NEC/CEC may not be sufficient to comply with the mandates of IEC-regulated zone 2 hazardous area use. The machines designed and authenticated per IEC 60079-15 are suited to meet all the requirements of NEC, CEC, and IEC for zone 2 use.     

Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Nonstoichiometric SrBi2Ta2O9 and SrBi2Nb2O9 Ceramics

Nonstoichiometric SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ (SBT) and SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) ceramics were prepared by a solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single-phase of Bi-layered perovskite was obtained. With different Sr/Bi content ratios of SBT and SBN, Curie temperature (T_C), electromechanical factor (K_p) and mechanical quality factor (Q_m) were measured. T_C of SBN (SBT) rose from 414C (314C) to 494C (426C) when Sr/Bi content ratio was increased from 0.55/2.3 to 1.2/1.8. In the most Sr-deficient/Bi-excess ratio of 0.55/2.3, the maximum values of Q_m were obtained approximately 1013 and 3325 for SBT and SBN, respectively.     

pH-MnO_2电极电位与MnO_2活性

本文对用于电池的MnO_2进行电化学评价,测定不同产地锰矿的pH—电极电位关系,每个样品的模拟制作,锌—锰干电池并测定共放电容量,通过比较放电容量和MnO_2的电极电位,从而对MnO_2进行活性评价。     

利用非平衡等离子体方法将CO2还原成CO的研究

CO2和H2合成CO是CO2化学利用的重要过程,然而,传统的催化转化难以实现高效转化。在室温和大气压下,通过非平衡等离子体对H2和CO2的活化作用,考察了等离子体反应器结构、极间距、放电功率和氢碳比等对CO2转化率、CO选择性和CO2转化的能量效率影响。实验结果表明,在室温和大气压下,用等离子体法可将CO2高效的还原为CO,适当调节上述各参数可提高CO2的转化率。采用管管式等离子体反应器,在放电频率为10kHz、H2与CO2体积进料比为2:1、放电功率为80W、CO2气体体积流量为120mL/min的条件下,CO2转化率为88.2%,CO选择性为100%。     

AgSnO2-Bi2Sn2O7触头材料制备及应用

采用雾化工艺制备含有多种添加元素的AgSnBi合金粉。合金粉氧化后经过扩散处理、压制、烧结、挤压、轧制或拉丝得到AgSnO2_Bi2Sn2O7系列银复合氧化锡材料。丝材加工制作成铆钉触头,在ZWP-1型电性能模拟试验机上与AgNi(10)、AgCdO(12)进行直流、灯负载条件模拟电寿命对比试验。结果表明,银复合氧化锡材料、AgNi(10)、AgCdO(12)的电寿命分别为132358～148153次、15930～17300次、6054～8038次。将银复合氧化锡材料装在商用开关上进行电性能型式试验,常规操作寿命试验和荧光灯负载开关试验后端子的最高温升分别为42.5K和17.1K。     

过氧化氢钝化工艺的改进

传统的过氧化氢钝化工艺较难掌握，钝化条件比较苛刻，钝化效果一般，还容易出现一种褐色不明附着物。经过大量试验研究，对过氧化氢钝化工艺进行了改进，钝化效果明显提高。     

LiCoO2的TiO2包覆原理探索研究

文献中对LiCoO2材料的表面包覆已经进行大量的报道,清晰显示LiCoO2的表面改性对材料循环性能产生了重要正性效应。然而,材料的包覆原理和作用机制直到目前仍然模糊不清,没有一个确定统一定论。采用溶胶-凝胶法,结合TiO2与LiCoO2体相反应的研究结果,详细地研究了TiO2对LiCoO2的包覆效应,建议了可能包覆原理和作用机制。