土体抗剪强度指标变异水平对边坡稳定安全系数取值的影响

针对传统的边坡稳定极限平衡方法不能考虑土体抗剪强度指标变异性影响的问题,基于极限状态的概率分析原理,采用Monte-Carlo法对均质路堤边坡的稳定性开展了可靠度计算,讨论了稳定安全系数一定的条件下边坡失效概率随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的变化规律,分析了安全系数与边坡可靠指标的对应关系及其随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的变化特征。研究表明：边坡可靠度受土体抗剪强度指标变异性影响显著,呈现出随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平提高而急剧减小的趋势;为保证边坡具有相同的可靠性,安全系数的取值应与土体抗剪强度指标的变异性相适应,据此提出了基于可靠指标和土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的安全系数取值原则及其对应的三参数函数关系式。     

基于Hoek-Brown准则确定岩体参数的边坡稳定性分析

以某岩质高边坡为研究对象,通过野外调查分析,根据边坡岩体结构和破坏特征,应用Hoek-Brown经验准则确定岩体抗剪强度参数,采用极限平衡法和FLAC-2D有限差分程序对边坡进行稳定性分析,并依据分析结果制定了加固方案,通过分析验证和现场监测,结果表明边坡加固方案可行.     

Slope Stability Analysis Based on Rock Mass Parameters Determined by Hoek-Brown Criterion

以某岩质高边坡为研究对象,通过野外调查分析,根据边坡岩体结构和破坏特征,应用Hoek-Brown经验准则确定岩体抗剪强度参数,采用极限平衡法和FLAC - 2D有限差分程序对边坡进行稳定性分析,并依据分析结果制定了加固方案,通过分析验证和现场监测,结果表明边坡加固方案可行.     

基于霍克-布朗(Hoek-Brown)准则重力坝抗滑稳定分析

霍克-布朗(Hoek-Brown)强度准则因其能准确描述岩体、岩石的破坏特征而得到广泛应用。以ABAQUS为平台,利用完全隐式欧拉回映算法进行应力更新,建立相应的一致切线刚度矩阵,开发了基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的UMAT本构模型,并通过单轴压缩和拉伸数值试验验证了程序的可靠性和准则的适用性。最后,基于编制的UMAT与等效Mohr-Coulomb准则,采用超载法进行重力坝深层抗滑稳定分析。计算结果表明:等效Mohr-Coulomb准则高估了岩体抗拉强度,Hoek-Brown准则能反映岩体的非线性破坏特征,更符合坝基岩体的实际特征.     

抗剪强度c,φ值概率分布对边坡可靠性分析的影响

抗剪强度参数c,φ值是评价边坡稳定性的重要指标.以某公路边坡为例,讨论了c,φ值不同的概率分布及其相关性对边坡可靠度计算结果的影响.对边坡可靠度计算十分重要.     

抗剪强度c,ψ值概率分布对边坡可靠性分析的影响

抗剪强度参数c,ψ值是评价边坡稳定性的重要指标.以某公路边坡为例,讨论了c,ψ值不同的概率分布及其相关性对边坡可靠度计算结果的影响.对边坡可靠度计算十分重要.     

岩质边坡稳定的体系可靠度分析及工程应用

对岩质边坡存在多个滑动面时的体系可靠度进行分析,可以对边坡的稳定性作出更加合理的评价.采用非线性有限单元法,通过降低岩体的强度参数,寻找边坡的潜在滑动面,并定义滑动面上所有单元同时破坏时,作为边坡的失稳模式;针对岩体破坏的特点,按Druker-Prager屈服准则和单轴抗拉强度准则构建失稳模式中单元的功能函数,再采用响应面法和蒙特卡罗法计算单元的可靠指标和相关系数;单一失稳模式是由滑动面上的单元组成的并联体系,为此,研究了一种逐步等效线性化求交法用于计算单一失稳模式的可靠指标;最后,用Ditlevsen窄界限公式估算由各失稳模式组成的串联体系的可靠指标.上述方法得到的可靠指标可用于边坡的稳定性评价.作为工程实例,对某水电站左岸坝肩边坡的体系可靠度进行了分析和评价,验证了本方法的合理性和可行性.     

基于Hoek—Brown强度准则确定均质岩基抗剪强度参数的方法

本文针对岩体的非线性破坏特征,基于经验的Hoek-Brown强度准则,提出了确定近水平均质岩基抗剪强度参数c、Φ的新方法。最后,用算例阐明了本文方法。     

考虑参数空间变异性边坡可靠度分析的Kriging方法

提出了考虑土体参数空间变异性边坡可靠度分析的Kriging方法.采用拉丁超立方抽样方法产生样本点,通过Karhunen-Loève(KL)级数展开方法离散土体抗剪强度参数相关对数随机场.基于有限元滑面应力法计算边坡安全系数,利用Kriging模型的优良特性拟合边坡可靠度分析的功能函数,在此基础上采用蒙特卡洛方法计算边坡失效概率,并编写了计算程序.最后研究了该方法在2个边坡可靠度分析中的应用.结果表明:与其他方法相比,该方法在考虑土体参数空间变异性的边坡可靠度分析中不仅计算效率高,而且精度也较好,为解决复杂边坡可靠度问题提供了一种新的有效的分析工具.忽略土体参数空间变异性并不一定会导致对边坡可靠度的保守估计,同时应准确地估计抗剪强度间的互相关性.     

边坡系统可靠度区间估计方法

提出了一种高效边坡系统可靠度区间估计方法 .首先,介绍了边坡系统可靠度点估计方法,采用Copula理论构建了抗剪强度参数相关结构并在此基础上提出Copula空间的子集模拟方法 .其次,采用Bootstrap方法模拟了土体抗剪强度参数的统计不确定性.最后,基于以上方法提出了边坡系统可靠度的区间估计方法,并以一个均质边坡算例进行了说明.结果表明:子集模拟方法能够在准确估计边坡系统可靠度的同时大幅提升计算效率;Bootstrap方法可以较好地模拟土体抗剪强度参数的统计不确定性;考虑到抗剪强度参数的统计不确定性,不应仅仅将边坡系统可靠度表征为单一可靠度指标,而是应表征为具有一定置信度水平的置信区间;随着样本数目的增多,边坡系统可靠度指标的置信区间会随之变窄;随着边坡失效安全系数阈值的增大,其系统可靠度指标的均值将会减小,同时其系统可靠度指标的置信区间也将会随之变窄.     

岩体经验强度准则参数的反分析研究

Hoek- Brown准则在节理岩体边坡 ,基础和地下开挖工程的设计和施工中 ,近十余年来已在许多国家广泛应用。采用三轴试验确定参数 m和 s,已有一套完备的程序。但是现场只能采用直剪试验 ,目前的方法尚不合理 ,本文提出了一种改进的参数反分析的正演法。研究得到的结论对实际工程具有现实意义。     

Hoek-Brown破坏准则求解圆形硐室塑性区半径与修正的芬纳公式比较

目的 为定量确定围岩塑性区半径和给支护锚杆的深度设计提供科学依据.方法 以Hoek-Brown破坏准则为极限平衡条件,推求侧压力系数为1.0时圆形硐室理想弹塑性围岩的弹塑性应力和塑性区半径,运用Mohr-Coulomb准则直线拟合Hoek-Brown准则曲线和面积差补方法 ,求取等效的岩体Mohr-Coulomb强度参数后,建立相对塑性区半径随支护力和地质强度指标变化的二元非线性回归数学模型,并与源自于Mohr-Coulomb强度准则为屈服条件的修正的芬纳公式进行比较研究.结果 支护力每增加1.0 MPa,就可确保地质强度指标降低10～20的岩体中不会出现塑性区.在支护力较小和岩体质量较差情况下,采用Hoek-Brown破坏准则推导得出的塑性区半径和修正的芬纳公式计算得出的塑性区半径差别稍大.相对塑性区半径与地质强度指标都呈负乘幂函数关系,随着支护力的增大,塑性区半径随着岩体质量等级的升高而下降的趋势逐渐变缓.建立的相对塑性区半径随地质强度指标和支护力变化的二元非线性回归数学模型简明,使支护力连续变化,提高了工程实用性.结论 在岩体质量较差情况下,锚杆深度取1.8～3.0倍硐半径为宜.     

基于联合分布法的岩坡稳定可靠分析研究

岩坡稳定性分析问题是一个可靠性问题,结合由Hoek-Brown经验准则衍生的线性参数,采用概率密度函数联合分布法确定平面滑动岩坡的最终安全系数的概率分布,借助Matlab软件对该计算过程实现表达,并对岩坡安全系数的影响因素进行敏感性分析。结果表明：概率密度函数联合分布法可以用作对平面破坏岩坡稳定性分析方法的补充及对岩坡稳定的前期快速评价;安全系数的分布曲线呈正态分布;正常情况下,水平地震加速度?对岩坡稳定的影响性强于张拉裂缝中水深Zw对岩坡稳定的影响性。     

Constitutive models in stability analysis of rock slope

Equivalent Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion was established,and the relationship between different constitutive models was studied.The application of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion in Ansys was achieved by means of transforming material parameters.The stability research aiming at the most common rock slope without conspicuous slide surface was accomplished,the methods of measurably assessing the stability of rock slope without conspicuous slide surface were explored,and the disadvantages of method of minimum slide-resisted reserve as dangerous slide path were pointed out.The results show that through the calculation and analysis of cases,the conception that measurable assessment of the stability of rock slope without conspicuous slide surface can be achieved under condition that equivalent Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is validated.Its safety parameter formula is explicit in theory and credible in results.The results obtained are approximate to those obtained by using finite element intensity reducing method.     

Reliability analysis of supporting pressure in tunnels based on three-dimensional failure mechanism

Based on nonlinear failure criterion,a three-dimensional failure mechanism of the possible collapse of deep tunnel is presented with limit analysis theory.Support pressure is taken into consideration in the virtual work equation performed under the upper bound theorem.It is necessary to point out that the properties of surrounding rock mass plays a vital role in the shape of collapsing rock mass.The first order reliability method and Monte Carlo simulation method are then employed to analyze the stability of presented mechanism.Different rock parameters are considered random variables to value the corresponding reliability index with an increasing applied support pressure.The reliability indexes calculated by two methods are in good agreement.Sensitivity analysis was performed and the influence of coefficient variation of rock parameters was discussed.It is shown that the tensile strength plays a much more important role in reliability index than dimensionless parameter,and that small changes occurring in the coefficient of variation would make great influence of reliability index.Thus,significant attention should be paid to the properties of surrounding rock mass and the applied support pressure to maintain the stability of tunnel can be determined for a given reliability index.     

Elasto-plastic Analysis of Circular Tunnels in Jointed Rock Masses Satisfy the Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion

The relationship between the Hoek-Brown parameters and the mechanical response of circular tunnels is illustrated. Closed-form and approximate solutions are given for the extent of the plastic zone and the stress and displacement fields under axisymmetrical and asymmetric stress conditions. For the same rock masses and under axisymmetrical stress conditions, the radius of the plastic zone in terms of Hoek-Brown criterion is generally an approximation of the radius in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The radius in terms of the Hoek-Brown criterion is larger under low stress conditions. For poor quality rock masses （GSI〈25）, measures （such as grouting, setting rock bolts, etc.） that improve the GSI of rock masses are effective in improving the stability of tunnels. It is not advisable to improve the stability of the tunnels by providing a small support resistance p through shotcrete, except for very poor quality jointed rock masses. Without reference to the quality of the rock mass, the disturbance factor D should not less than 0.5. Measures which disturb rock masses during tunnel construction should be taken carefully when the tunnel depth increases.     

Confining stress effect on the elastoplastic ground reaction considering the Lode angle dependence

The convergence confinement methods are solutions employed to estimate convergence in circular tunnels. They are mostly based on constitutive equations governed by the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown yield criteria. However, the solutions based on these criteria neglect the intermediate principal stress confining effect on the ground reaction estimation. Therefore, in this paper, a Drucker-Prager yield criterion governed solution integrated with the Lode angle parameter is employed. It considers the intermediate principal stress influence and the critical effect of the parameter on failure characterization.Subsequently, it is verified with results attained from numerical simulations which consider an elasticperfectly plastic constitutive law with a non-associative flow rule within FLAC~(3D). It was drawn from the results that the ground reaction and plastic evolution are influenced by the confining stress.Furthermore, considering a suitable yield criterion leads to realistic convergence and plastic evolution estimation. The circumscribed DP criterion governed solution with Lode angle parameter value(0.8) is considered appropriate for the realistic ground reaction estimation in the three-dimensional(3D) stress state rock mass. It estimates approximately 3.4% of tunnel convergence as compared to the classic solutions(5%) and plastic radius estimated to be approximately 2.45 m compared to 2.84 m.     

边坡稳定数值计算中失稳判据和岩土强度屈服准则

通过理论分析和典型算例计算,对边坡稳定数值计算中边坡的失稳判据和失稳模式进行了深入的讨论,旨在使数值计算方法更好地服务于工程实际。边坡失稳破坏的力学分析表明,排除人为主观因素的影响,在严格收敛标准下数值计算不收敛、边坡塑性区贯通和特定监测点位移突变这三类常用判据内在的力学表现是一致的,算例1的分析结果进一步证实了该观点。边坡的失稳模式与岩土体的屈服准则密切相关,为使理论计算符合工程实践,应根据岩土体实际抗拉能力对以M-C为典型代表的基于剪切破坏的强度准则进行抗拉修正。以抗拉修正后的M-C强度准则为基础,进一步提出了拉剪复合破坏的强度折减计算流程,算例2的计算结果表明该计算流程是合理的且计算结果的精度要高于现行的计算方法。     

含相关非正态变量边坡可靠度分析的子集模拟方法

提出了分析含相关非正态变量高维小失效概率可靠度问题的子集模拟方法,采用Nataf变换方法成功地解决了输入变量相关时子集模拟方法样本点的模拟问题.编写了基于MATLAB语言的计算程序SUBSETREL,并以岩质边坡稳定可靠度问题为例证明了所提方法的有效性.结果表明:该子集模拟方法能够有效地分析含相关非正态变量高维小失效概率的边坡可靠度问题.子集模拟方法的计算精度和蒙特卡洛模拟方法相当,计算效率远远高于传统的蒙特卡洛模拟方法.此外,该方法在分析含有复杂的隐式及非线性功能函数的边坡可靠度问题方面体现出明显的优越性.研究成果极大地拓展了子集模拟方法在边坡可靠度分析中的应用.