基于PSO-SVM的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模型

为有效预测煤与瓦斯的突出强度,分析了煤与瓦斯突出的主要影响因素,建立了基于粒子群优化支持向量机方法(PSO-SVM)的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模型,通过实例对该模型的预测效果进行检验,同时还分别采用了BP神经网络(BP-NN)和支持向量机方法(SVM)对该实例进行了预测,进而对这3种方法的预测精度进行了比较.分析结果表明3种方法的预测准确率PSO-SVM为87.5％、BP-NN为50％、SVM为62.5％.可见,PSO-SVM方法的预测效果要好于BP-NN和SVM,对煤矿煤与瓦斯突出强度预测具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

PSO-SVM与BP神经网络组合预测供水系统余氯的方法

针对余氯量在供水系统内非线性变化的特性,建立了PSO-SVM与BP神经网络组合模型对管网末端余氯进行预测分析。该模型通过粒子群优化算法（PSO）,对SVM的特性参数进行优化;采用BP神经网络对模型进行残差修正。通过对单一的BP模型和SVM模型、组合模型的预测精度进行分析。结果表明：组合模型预测比BP和SVM单一预测均方误差分别降低了62.30%、75.29%,平均相对误差降低了55.03%、54.27%。综上所述,该模型具有强大的非线性拟合能力,预测精度高,运行稳定性强,对供水企业控制余氯的投加量和设置二次加氯点有一定的指导作用。     

Support vector machine forecasting method improved by chaotic particle swarm optimization and its application

By adopting the chaotic searching to improve the global searching performance of the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and using the improved PSO to optimize the key parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) forecasting model, an improved SVM model named CPSO-SVM model was proposed. The new model was applied to predicting the short term load, and the improved effect of the new model was proved. The simulation results of the South China Power Market’s actual data show that the new method can effectively improve the forecast accuracy by 2.23% and 3.87%, respectively, compared with the PSO-SVM and SVM methods. Compared with that of the PSO-SVM and SVM methods, the time cost of the new model is only increased by 3.15 and 4.61 s, respectively, which indicates that the CPSO-SVM model gains significant improved effects. Foundation item: Project(70572090) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

冲击地压危险等级预测的PSO-SVM模型

为了对冲击地压进行有效的预测,分析了冲击地压的主要影响因素,建立了基于粒子群优化支持向量机方法(PSO-SVM)的冲击地压危险程度预测模型,并通过实例,对PSO-SVM模型的预测效果进行了检验,同时还分别采用了BP神经网络(BP-NN)和支持向量机方法(SVM)对实例进行了预测,最后对三种方法的预测精度进行了比较分析,结果显示:PSO-SVM方法的预测精度要高于BP-NN和SVM方法的预测精度,可见,PSO-SVM预测方法对煤矿冲击地压危险程度预测具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

PSO-SVM模型的构建与应用

为了使支持向量机(SVM)获得更好的分类效果,针对人为选择参数的随机性,提出了利用粒子群算法(PSO)进行参数自动选取的优化方法,构建了PSO-SVM模型.在个人信用评估中,通过对粒子适应度函数的设置来控制造成较大损失的第二类误判,应用结果表明:模型在训练和测试样本中的分类精度可以达到95%,第二类误判率分别仅为0.78%和2.02%.利用PSO对SVM中的参数进行优化,可以避免人为选择的随机性,并且在解决分类问题中表现出较好的稳健性.     

Cubic meter compressive strength prediction of concrete

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of compressive strength of concrete,103 groups of concrete data were collected as the samples.We selected seven kinds of ingredients from the concrete samples, using Grid-SVM, PSO-SVM, and GA-SVM models to establish the prediction model of cubic meter compressive strength of concrete.The experimental results show that SVM model based on Grid optimization algorithm,SVM model based on Particle swarm optimization algorithm,SVM model based on Genetic optimization algorithm mean square error respectively are 0.001, 0.489 8, and 0.304 2, correlation coefficients are 0.994 8, 0.994 6, and 0.993 0. It is shown that cubic meter compressive strength prediction method based on Grid-SVM model is the best optimization algorithm.     

基于PSO-SVM模型的城轨列车轮对尺寸预测

为了及时掌握轮对尺寸信息,从而保证列车正常运行,提出了建立粒子群优化支持向量机模型对轮对尺寸进行预测的方法.介绍了粒子群优化算法(PSO)及支持向量机(SVM)的相关概念,并利用粒子群优化算法能够实现快速全局优化的特点对支持向量机进行参数优化,解决了支持向量机参数选择盲目性的问题.以某城轨列车轮径值为研究对象,建立基于PSO-SVM的轮对尺寸预测模型,对轮径值进行预测分析.结果表明,轮径值预测相关度达到0.94,证实了建立的预测模型在轮对尺寸预测方面的可行性及有效性.     

基于SVM与自适应时空数据融合的短时交通流量预测模型

针对短时交通流变化周期性与随机性特点,选取时间和空间序列流量观测值作为支持向量机训练样本进行训练,使用空间序列预测值对交通流时间序列预测结果进行修正,并通过对历史时间空间序列预测结果的分析,动态调整其对未来预测的影响,建立基于SVM与自适应时空数据融合的短时交通流量预测模型.最后,将提出的预测模型与支持向量机时间序列预测模型、指数平滑法、多元回归法预测结果进行对比,结果表明:自适应时空数据融合预测模型可将预测平均相对误差控制在4%,明显高于其他模型预测精度.     

混沌局域法与神经网络组合供水量预测

城市供水量是非线性、非平稳时间序列,组合预测模型能获得更高精度预测结果。通过深入分析混沌局域法与神经网络预测模型特点,提出了一种新的组合预测模型。首先,应用混沌局域法对城市日供水量进行初预测,然后,应用神经网络对预测结果进行修正。由于所提出的组合模型利用了混沌局域法及神经网络进行优势互补,能同时提高预测精度与计算效率。为验证所提出组合预测模型的可行性,采用某市7 a实测供水量数据,对混沌局域法、BPNN、RBF及GRNN神经网络4种单一预测模型及相应的3种组合模型预测精度进行定量分析,结果表明,组合预测模型精度都高于对应单一预测模型,混沌局域法与GRNN神经网络组合模型预测精度最高,且运算时间远低于单一神经网络模型运算时间。     

基于梯度提升回归树的城市道路行程时间预测

为了提高行程时间的预测精度,在考虑时间序列相关性的同时,分析相邻路段的空间相关性对于行程时间的影响,并提出基于梯度提升回归树模型的城市道路行程时间预测方法.对车牌识别设备获取的实际数据进行预处理,并提出相应的补全算法以解决数据缺失问题,建立完整的历史数据集.通过分析各影响因素与行程时间的相关性,构建特征向量.为了能更好地理解模型,通过梯度提升回归树模型输出各变量对于预测结果的重要度.利用实际数据对模型进行评估,预测行程时间的平均绝对误差百分比,约为10.0%.与SVM、ARIMA等方法相比,所提方法具有较高的精度.     

Prediction of elevator traffic flow based on SVM and phase space reconstruction

To make elevator group control system better follow the change of elevator traffic flow (ETF) in order to adjust the control strategy,the prediction method of support vector machine (SVM) in combination with phase space reconstruction has been proposed for ETF.Firstly,the phase space reconstruction for elevator traffic flow time series (ETFTS) is processed.Secondly,the small data set method is applied to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent to judge the chaotic property of ETF.Then prediction model of ETFTS based on SVM is founded.Finally,the method is applied to predict the time series for the incoming and outgoing passenger flow respectively using ETF data collected in some building.Meanwhile,it is compared with RBF neural network model.Simulation results show that the trend of factual traffic flow is better followed by predictive traffic flow.SVM algorithm has much better prediction performance.The fitting and prediction of ETF with better effect are realized.     

基于支持向量机方法的短时交通流量预测方法

在总结已有多种预测模型的基础上,充分考虑了交通本身所存在的非线性、复杂性和不确定性,提出了一种基于支持向量机的短时交通流量预测模型。实例数据验证结果和基于BP神经网络的预测模型的对比结果表明,该模型在精度、收敛时间、泛化能力、最优性等方面均优于基于BP神经网络的预测模型。     

交通拥堵下基于实时交通信息的路径选择模型

针对路段行程时间的估算在交通路径诱导系统中的应用,提出了一种在交通拥堵下基于实时交通信息的路径选择模型.根据目前城市交通的状况,以城市交通系统的基本设施为基础,分析了影响路段行程时间的各种因素和路段行程时间的组成.利用设置在路段上的车辆自动检测装置来搜集实时交通信息,通过行程时间的计算、动态算法的构造和路网模型的建立来对交通路径进行动态规划.实验结果表明,该模型解决了实际交通系统中的时间最短路径问题,具有一定的实用价值.     

基于经验模态分解的PSO-SVM风电功率短期预测

针对风电功率预测对精确度的要求,结合风电机组功率特性曲线及支持向量机非线性拟合,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)的粒子群算法(PSO)优化支持向量机(SVM)功率短期预测模型。即将EMD分解后的各个风速序列分量通过PSO-SVM模型预测,将得到的各分量预测结果叠加后得到风速预测值,将该值输入功率转化曲线,即可得到最终的风电功率预测结果,以实现对风电机组功率的预测。通过对某地区风电场实际风速为例进行的仿真误差对比分析,得知该组合预测模型不仅有效可行,且有效提高了短期风电功率的预测精度。     

Support Vector Regression for Bus Travel Time Prediction Using Wavelet Transform

In order to accurately predict bus travel time, a hybrid model based on combining wavelet transform technique with support vector regression(WT-SVR) model is employed. In this model, wavelet decomposition is used to extract important information of data at different levels and enhances the forecasting ability of the model. After wavelet transform different components are forecasted by their corresponding SVR predictors. The final prediction result is obtained by the summation of the predicted results for each component. The proposed hybrid model is examined by the data of bus route No.550 in Nanjing, China. The performance of WT-SVR model is evaluated by mean absolute error(MAE), mean absolute percent error(MAPE) and relative mean square error(RMSE), and also compared to regular SVR and ANN models. The results show that the prediction method based on wavelet transform and SVR has better tracking ability and dynamic behavior than regular SVR and ANN models. The forecasting performance is remarkably improved to obtain within 6% MAPE for testing section Ⅰ and 8% MAPE for testing section Ⅱ, which proves that the suggested approach is feasible and applicable in bus travel time prediction.     

基于数据采样方法的城市道路自由流行程时间估计

基于交通波模型,提出利用车牌识别数据估计城市道路自由流行程时间. 无需额外架设检测器或现场测算,所提方法具备准确性、科学性、实用性的特点. 基于车辆均匀到达的假设,将行程时间分为自由流行程时间和延误,建立信号影响下的路段行程时间分布函数. 针对现实环境中车流非均匀到达的特点,提出数据重采样方法生成符合均匀流假设的行程时间数据;拟合行程时间分布函数以获得路段自由流行程时间. 在杭州市多个路段的数据验证结果表明,重采样后的行程时间数据较好地拟合了行程时间分布模型,估得的自由流行程时间准确且具备理论支撑.     

A new support vector machine optimized by improved particle swarm optimization and its application

A new support vector machine （SVM） optimized by an improved particle swarm optimization （PSO） combined with simulated annealing algorithm （SA） was proposed. By incorporating with the simulated annealing method, the global searching capacity of the particle swarm optimization（SAPSO） was enchanced, and the searching capacity of the particle swarm optimization was studied. Then, the improyed particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of SVM （c,σ and ε）. Based on the operational data provided by a regional power grid in north China, the method was used in the actual short term load forecasting. The results show that compared to the PSO-SVM and the traditional SVM, the average time of the proposed method in the experimental process reduces by 11.6 s and 31.1 s, and the precision of the proposed method increases by 1.24% and 3.18%, respectively. So, the improved method is better than the PSO-SVM and the traditional SVM.     

考虑出行成本不确定性的路网交通疏散策略

为提高应急管理水平,考虑突发事件影响下的交通出行成本不确定性,对城市交通疏散问题进行研究。首先,根据交通疏散问题的时空特性创建时空耦合网络图,并且结合行程时间成本和冲突风险成本,提出了城市交通路网出行成本的量化方法。进一步考虑路段资源权重上限的影响,通过增加边际约束,构建基于预算不确定集的先验疏散策略的鲁棒优化模型,以最小化路网疏散过程的总交通出行成本。然后运用模型重构技术,将搭建的鲁棒模型转化为混合整数线性规划模型,并设计改进的拉格朗日松弛方法进行解耦求解。最后以SiouxFalls网络进行算例分析,数值结果表明,随着不确定集和模型规模的增大,行程时间成本和冲突风险成本的增速分别提高约29.13%和236.46%,模型预算参数控制在一定的区间,能够较好地权衡解的鲁棒性与最优性。通过南京部分区域路网案例测试验证所述方法在更大规模网络算例的适用性,研究结果表明:相比于传统拉格朗日松弛方法,所提出的改良方法可以在较少的迭代次数内得到高质量的可行解。研究结果可以为应急指挥部门制定可靠的交通疏散策略提供思路。     

A novel conditional cell transmission model for oversaturated arterials

The objective of this work is to develop a novel feature for traffic flow models, when traffic queues on two-way arterials periodically extend until then they block an upstream signal in oversaturated conditions. The new model, proposed as conditional cell transmission model (CCTM) has been developed with two improvements. First, cell transmission model (CTM) is expanded for two-way arterials by taking account of all diverging and merging activities at intersections. Second, a conditional cell is added to simulate periodic spillback and blockages at an intersection. The results of experiments for a multilane, two-way, three-signal sample network demonstrate that CCTM can accommodate various traffic demands and accurate representation of blockages at intersections. The delay of left turns is underestimated by 40 % in moderate conditions and by 58% in oversaturated condition when using the CTM rather than CCTM. Finally, the consistency between HCS 2000 and CCTM shows that CCTM is a reliable methodology of modeling traffic flow in oversaturated condition.     

应用PSO和SVM的水下航行器黑箱建模

随着新型水下航行器不断涌现,现有水下航行器数学模型已难以与实际模型吻合.为更好了解新型水下航行器实际模型以及预测新型水下航行器运动,提出应用粒子群(particle swarm optimization,PSO)参数寻优和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的水下航行器黑箱建模方法.首先根据水下航行器的运动状态信息和推进器力,应用支持向量机构造出之间的非线性映射关系,然后通过粒子群智能优化算法获得支持向量机的最佳参数组合,进而实现水下航行器的黑箱建模,最后根据推进器力是否时变,分别以新型四旋翼水下航行器的两种空间运动进行实验验证,并以均方根误差作为空间运动预测结果的评价标准.试验结果表明,基于粒子群参数寻优和支持向量机所构建的水下航行器黑箱模型对空间运动预测具有较小的均方根误差,空间运动预测结果与实际运动基本一致,所建黑箱模型与实际模型基本吻合,能有效预测水下航行器运动状态.