基于最小二乘的磁通门梯度仪转向差校正方法

针对磁通门梯度仪中单个磁通门传感器由于加工工艺等原因存在零偏误差、灵敏度误差和三轴非正交误差,且多个磁通门传感器由于安装误差存在摆放方位不一致的问题,建立了磁梯度仪的自校正模型和互校正数学模型,采用最小二乘算法对2种模型参数进行求解。实验结果表明该校正方法求解方便、可操作性强,三轴磁通门梯度仪在稳定的地磁场环境下采集多组磁场数据,就能有效降低磁梯度仪转向差引起的测量误差,提高磁梯度测量精度。     

磁强计阵列测量一致性校正

为了有效解决磁强计阵列由于轴向不一致引起的误差对测量精度造成的影响,搭建由4个磁通门磁强计构成的阵列,利用欧拉旋转矩阵对其进行一致性校正。针对磁强计自身存在的非正交、刻度因子、零偏等误差影响因素,构建九参数校正系数矩阵对磁强计的磁场测量进行非正交补偿校正,得到理想正交的三分量磁场测量值。在此基础上选定测磁阵列中的参考磁强计,对待校正磁强计进行横倾、俯仰、方位3种姿态变换建立欧拉旋转矩阵,构建九参数一致性校正模型。并把参考磁强计与待校正磁强计置于无磁转台上进行实验验证。实验结果表明,经过磁强计测量误差补偿校正后,磁场测量均方根误差在10 nT以内,经过一致性校正后,各轴测量角度误差在0.01°(4.22 nT)以下。说明经过校正后磁强计阵列中不同测量点的磁强计磁场测量值可以很好地投影到基准磁强计的坐标轴上,并且可以正确放映测量点的磁场信息,具有很高的可靠性。     

微位移的直射式激光三角法精密测量

为适应生产中的非接触实时测量要求,基于直射式激光三角法测量原理和光路结构,提出了微位移直射式激光三角精确测量方法.使用位移传感器(Position Sensors Detector,PSD)来采集光点位置信息,通过电流/电压转换电路、放大电路、滤波电路和A/D模数转换电路,实现了模拟信号到数字信号的转化和测距系统误差的校正.结果表明:测量距离为10~100mm时,全量程范围内测量误差小于3%;测量误差来源于系统中电子元器件的非线性特性、安装调试干扰、测量标定误差以及环境温度干扰.     

MGT导向技术在SAGD双水平中的应用及研制

SAGD双水平井的施工对井眼轨道的精确测量和层间位置的准确计算提出了很高的要求,磁导向技术就是解决这一需求的核心。它是利用测量的磁场信号来确定正钻井相对于参考井距离和方位的一种导向技术。本文主要阐述了用于SAGD双水平井钻井作业的MGT导向技术应用理论、操作参数、技术特点等;分析了MGT技术在风城油田的现场应用情况;最后针对克拉玛依钻井工艺研究院正在研制的磁导向技术进行了简单的介绍。     

再论磁通门磁力仪探头磁场激励波形问题——答杨再朝同志商榷

作者在《用对称三角波作为磁通门探头磁场激励波形的探讨》一文中讨论了用正弦波和三角波分别作为磁通门磁力仪探头线圈的激励波形问题,推导了两种情况下磁场测量的绝对误差和相对误差,最后指出:用对称的三角波激励可以减少测量线圈输出的二次谐波电压的绝对误差和相对误差,而且克服了磁通门磁力仪的测量误差随场强增大而增大的弱点。     

基于椭球约束的载体三维磁场补偿方法

在地磁导航中磁传感器会受到载体自身磁场的影响,为了提高磁场测量精度,需要对观测数据的载体磁场干扰进行精确补偿。在分析载体固有磁场和感应磁场数学模型的基础上,根据椭圆假设磁补偿方法的思路,提出了一种载体三维磁场干扰的补偿方法,并在椭球假设的基础上提出了载体磁场干扰补偿参数求解方法。该方法将载体磁场干扰补偿方法从二维拓展到三维,解除了载体二维运动姿态的限制。实验验证表明:该方法可以有效实现载体自身三维磁场干扰的补偿,从而提高地磁场的测量精度。     

映射法测量横向感应磁场垂向分量的实验验证

感应磁场是现代舰艇的重要物理场,针对舰艇感应磁场难以快速准确获取的问题,开展了磁场映射法测量横向感应磁场垂向分量的实验验证研究。利用某消磁站缩比物理模型进行实验,分别采用单航向上磁场映射法和地磁模拟法来测量船模的横向感应磁场垂向分量,并与传统的两航向法测量值进行比较。结果表明单航向上磁场映射法精度较高,相对均方根误差为8.13%,且在工程实践中较传统方法更高效,为进一步推广单航向上磁场映射法测量舰艇感应磁场提供了依据。     

基于光场成像的双目深度图像获取

提出了一种利用Lytro相机光场图像进行双目立体测距的方法,首先对原始光场图像进行重编码获得宏像素水平排列的光场图像,由重编码图像提取出子孔径图像阵列并进行校正,相当于获得了相机阵列所拍摄得到的图像阵列。然后选取其中2个平行子孔径图像构成双目立体测距系统,通过matlab标定工具箱和Open CV函数库进行联合标定、立体校正和立体匹配生成深度图像,对目标物体进行距离测量。实验结果表明,该方法的距离测量在精度范围之内,双目测距方法可以应用于通过微透镜阵列获得的子孔径图像上。     

主动控制磁悬浮球的磁场分析和测试

利用ANSYS 有限元分析软件对磁悬浮球的磁场分布进行了建模、求解和解后处理.计算了磁悬浮球的磁通密度、电磁力和磁力线等.使用Lakeshore 410型高斯计对磁悬浮系统的电磁铁和钢球气隙中的磁通密度进行了测量,并对有限元计算结果和测量数据进行了比较分析.结果表明,使用有限元法计算磁悬浮球的磁场分布精确度较高,而且可以考虑非线性B-H曲线、磁泄漏、边缘效应等问题,能真实准确地模拟磁悬浮球的磁场分布情况.     

电磁电导法测量原油含水率一次感应电动势处理

利用电磁电导法在管外测量原油含水率时,针对一次感应电动势对二次感应电动势的干扰问题,根据电磁电导原理,提出了一种由两个发射线圈和两个接收线圈构成的四线圈传感器.通过增加辅助发射和接收线圈并优化四个线圈的相对位置,抵消了一部分一次感应电动势,再通过信号处理分离残留的同频一次感应电动势.根据ANSYS对管道内磁场分布进行仿真分析的结果,确定了四线圈的最优位置,搭建传感器对含水率在0~100%范围内的原油进行实际测试,结果表明,一次感应电动势同频干扰得到了有效抑制.     

APPLICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION MAGNETIC METHOD AND GRADIENT METHOD TO LOCATE ABANDONED BRINE-WELLS IN HUTCHINSON, KANSAS, U.S.A.

After successfully locating one abandoned brine well by an electromagnetic method during testing in 2001 and five abandoned brine wells by a high-resolution magnetic method during 2002, a high-resolution magnetic method was again proposed to search for wells in 2003 when a second sensor was employed to acquire data for calculating the pseudo-vertical gradient of magnetic fields. Total area surveyed in 2003 was 1,024,000 ft^2, which was divided into grids with an average size of 10,000 ft^2 and distributed across eight different sites. Magnetic anomalies and their vertical gradients from known brine wells were first recorded as signatures to identify anomalies caused by possible buried brine wells. Of fifty-one verified anomalies, thirty- one anomalies were due to wells buried at depths from 0 to 8. 5 ft： twenty-one 6- to 9-inch abandoned brine wells, seven 1.5- to 3-inch probable water wells, one 16-inch dewatering well for a construction site at a depth of 3 ft, and two 4-inch wells on the ground surface. Approximate monopole shaped anomalies were observed from all these wells after data corrections. However, the range of amplitudes of magnetic anomalies from 7,000 to 28,000 nT from these abandoned brine wells was measured. This range of anomalies is mainly due to the thickness and depth of buried wells. Anomaly amplitudes from 1.5- to 3-inch wells are 4,000 to 8,000 nT and linearly correlate with the buried depth. One 3-inch well that caused an anomaly of 13,000 nT could be the inner pipe of a brine well. Gradient anomalies are roughly in a range of 100 to 200 nT/inch for 1.5-to 3-inch wells and 200 to 300 nT/inch for brine wells. As indicated by the potential-field theory, gradient data possess higher horizontal resolution than the magnetic field itself. Gradient data provide valuable assistance in determining horizontal locations of anomaly sources for excavation. In practice, however, improvement in the horizontal resolution is limited by surveyline spacing. If only one sensor is used in a survey, there is rapid decrease in the horizontal resolution when sensor height increases from 14 to 44 inches. This indicates that it is critical to keep the sensor as close to the ground as possible when hunting buried wells that are close to each other. It also suggests that the downward continuation is useful to increase the horizontal resolution in well hunting.     

SDMSA双磁致伸缩线性位移传感器标定实验研究

为获得SDMSA型号的双磁环磁致伸缩线性位移传感器位置量与输出电压的特性关系,在自制的传感器标定的实验台上,对位移传感器测杆产生的激励磁场和双磁环产生的偏置磁场与双磁环间的间距的关系进行了研究,建立了双磁环磁致伸缩位移传感器的输出电压模型。在相同偏执磁场的作用下,探究双磁环间距与输出电压的关系,通过实验进行关系推导。得出双磁环磁致伸缩线性位移传感器SDMSA位置量与输出电压的特性关系,并分析该位移传感器的测量误区。     

Curing Behaviour of MUF Resin in the Presence of Less Desirable Wood Material

In order to investigate the effect of different wood species on the curing of MUF resin,DSC spectroscopic analysis and a new procedure are used, an important component in wood composites manufacturing. The MUF resin is synthesised with an initial weak acidic condition. The final molar ratios of F /( M+U) and M / U are 1. 37 and 0. 32,respectively. Samples are prepared by mixing MUF resin with wood flours from different wood species. The curing behaviour and transformation of chemical groups are analysed by DSC. The curing activation energy of MUF resin generally decreases when the resin is mixed with wood flours due to the influence of wood extracts. When the heat rate is 5 ℃ / min,the relationship between the peak temperature of the MUF resin and p H values or base buffer capacities is observed.     

基于MWD磁干扰的钻井防碰监测技术

钻井防碰问题已经成为制约调整井、丛式井等各种特殊类型钻井作业顺利进行的关键因素.提出了一种根据邻井套管磁干扰进行防碰监测和预警的技术,应用海蓝YST-48R探管进行地面实验,得出了套管磁干扰强度与仪器和套管距离的关系公式,若应用现场防碰数据对该公式进行修正,将对指导现场钻井防碰作业具有重要意义.     

高精度磁测在沉积型磁铁矿区的找矿效果

沉积型磁铁矿脉特点是矿脉宽度小,品位低,综合磁性不均匀。通过对已知矿体进行剖面测量,证明高精度磁测的有效性,对野外实测数据进行日变校正、正常场校正、高度校正、水平梯度校正,化极、向上延拓、求取垂向二阶导数,以及对实测磁异常剖面进行人机对话反演等处理获得良好的效果。本次高精度磁测工作查明了矿区内磁铁矿（化）体的空间分布范围及大致埋深情况,圈定了几个有价值的磁铁矿（化）体靶区,取得了良好的找矿效果。     

静态磁场谐振磁传感器设计

为了解决磁致伸缩/压电复合磁传感器测量静态磁场时需要交变激励磁场以及磁电电压输出低等问题,提出了一种改进结构的磁致伸缩/压电/音叉复合谐振磁传感器,采用COMSOL有限元仿真软件对传感器的应力与应变分布以及音叉的振动模态进行仿真.结果表明,传感器的谐振频率随着磁场强度的增加近似线性递增;在0～1 000 Oe磁场范围内,灵敏度达1. 750 5 Hz/Oe,是改进前的7倍,验证了传感器改进结构的有效性.     

磁场作用下抛物量子阱线中激子的束缚能

采用差分的方法在准一维有效势模型下对抛物型量子阱线中激子性质受到磁场的影响进行了计算,分析了磁场对量子阱线中激子的束缚能以及电子和空穴之间的平均距离作用.结果表明:外加磁场会增加量子阱线中激子的束缚能,并且磁场对束缚能的作用会受到量子约束势的影响,在量子约束势较弱时磁场的影响较大,量子约束势较强时磁场的影响较小;外加磁场会减小电子和空穴间的平均距离.     

表面缺陷开放磁路检测原理与方法

在分析现有表面缺陷检测方法特点的基础上，提出了开放磁路检测原理与方法．在磁铁与试样之间构建一个开放磁场，试样表面存在缺陷时，会引起开放磁场分布的变化，通过传感器获得磁场的变化以获得试样表面缺陷的相关信息．详细研究了开放磁路特征参数对检测信号的影响以及盲孔检测时的量化特征．由于该检测方法对磁化强度基本上没有要求，从而有更广泛的应用．     

Gain-Scheduling H∞ Autopilot Design for Tactical Missiles with Variable-Swept Wings

It is very important to determine the magnetic object location using the magnetic anomaly. This paper presents a method for determined the magnetic object location using the geomagnetic field intensity. The magnetic object center position can be obtained by the amplitude of the analytic signal( AS) of geomagnetic total intensity. The vertical distance can be obtained by the value of magnetic anomaly on center position. But the vertical distance from measuring plane to magnetic object is not relatively precious because of not eliminating the geomagnetic normal field in the calculation process. The method of modeling geomagnetic normal field in small space is proposed based on Taylor polynomial. The impact of geomagnetic variation field for the precious of model is analyzed. Through the measured data and the model data,total intensity magnetic anomaly on the measuring plane is obtained which is used for calculating the vertical distance of magnetic object by calculating model. The experimental tests have been conducted on open field on the campus of Harbin Engineering University. The results show that the calculated results and real values match perfectly using this method.     

Faraday效应的脉冲磁场传感器中光偏振态的演化

用Jones矩阵法推导了基于Faraday效应的脉冲磁场传感器输出偏振光的方位角和椭率角，并采用Poincaré球法描述了传感器中光偏振态的演化，解决了代数表达式不能直观描述光偏振态变化过程的问题。数值仿真了线双折射率和起偏角参数对输出光偏振态的影响。提出了新的消除线双折射率对脉冲磁场测量值影响的四光路检测法，并计算了运用四光路检测法的磁场传感器输出值。