干湿循环下膨胀土边坡响应的模型试验

为了解干湿循环作用下膨胀土边坡的吸力、孔隙水压力、胀缩变形的变化,开展了室内膨胀土边坡模型试验,测定了干湿循环条件下膨胀土边坡表层土体的吸力、孔隙水压力、胀缩变形的变化情况,绘制了相应的时程曲线及表面轮廓线.试验结果表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加,裂缝逐渐变宽变深,吸力和孔隙水压力在降雨工况下的变化幅度增大;水平顺坡向位移在干湿循环过程中表现为递增趋势,竖向位移在干湿循环中表现出明显的胀缩性;膨胀土边坡的隆起变形在每次干湿循环后均有所增加,且坡脚和坡底处的隆起变形量较其余部位更为明显.     

干湿循环作用下滑带土的变形演化和强度

干湿循环是一种常见的水—土相互作用方式,对岩土体的变形和强度以及库岸滑坡的稳定性有着重要影响。本文在分析粉土和粉质黏土两种滑带土基本特征的基础上,通过室内干湿循环试验和直接剪切试验,对不同类型的滑带土在干湿循环作用下的变形演化和强度弱化特征进行了试验研究。结果表明：在干湿循环变化下,粉土滑带土的变形表现为风干时土样内部产生裂隙,且随着干湿循环次数的增加,裂隙不断扩展贯穿和增宽,饱和后裂隙又闭合;粉质黏土滑带土变形则为风干时体积收缩,饱和后体积膨胀;两种滑带土在干湿循环条件下的强度弱化规律基本相同,第一次干湿循环造成滑带土强度弱化程度最大,第二次后强度基本趋于稳定值;两种滑带土的黏聚力与干湿循环次数呈对数曲线形式降低,内摩擦角呈线性降低;干湿循环过程中滑带土抗剪强度的降低主要是由于其黏聚力的降低引起的,同时黏聚力受干湿循环的影响较为显著。     

循环荷载作用下铁路路基级配碎石填料累积变形研究

路基在列车往复荷载作用下会产生累积变形,引起轨道不平顺,影响列车运行的舒适性和安全性。为揭示铁路路基级配碎石填料在循环荷载作用下的累积变形规律,对级配碎石开展了大型动三轴试验,研究了循环荷载作用次数、围压及循环应力比对级配碎石累积变形的影响。试验结果表明:1)随着循环应力比的增加,级配碎石试样累积变形达到稳定所需的循环次数逐渐增加;当循环应力比一定时,围压对级配碎石试样累积变形达到稳定所需的循环次数影响不明显,围压越大,级配碎石试样最终的累积变形越大。2)相同围压条件下,循环应力比越大,级配碎石试样累积变形达到稳定所需的循环次数越多,级配碎石试样最终的累积变形越大。3)围压越大,级配碎石试样最终累积变形越大。循环应力比越大,级配碎石试样最终累积变形越大;当循环应力比达到0.4时,已不符合稳定型累积变形规律。通过试验获得了循环荷载作用次数、围压及循环应力比对级配碎石累积变形规律的影响。基于试验结果,提出了铁路路基级配碎石填料稳定型累积变形预测模型,揭示了级配碎石稳定型累积变形规律,可为准确预测和控制铁路路基工后沉降提供依据。     

干湿循环作用下滑带土的变形演化和强度参数弱化试验研究

基于对粉土和粉质黏土2种滑带土基本特征的分析,通过室内干湿循环试验和直接剪切试验,对不同类型的滑带土在干湿循环作用下的变形演化和强度弱化特征进行试验研究。结果表明:在干湿循环变化下,粉土滑带土的变形表现为风干时土样内部产生裂隙,且随着干湿循环次数的增加,裂隙不断扩展贯穿和增宽,饱和后裂隙又闭合;粉质黏土滑带土变形则为风干时体积收缩,饱和后体积膨胀;2种滑带土在干湿循环条件下的强度弱化规律基本相同,第1次干湿循环造成滑带土强度弱化程度最大,第3次后强度基本趋于稳定值;2种滑带土的黏聚力与干湿循环次数呈对数曲线形式降低,内摩擦角呈线性降低;干湿循环过程中滑带土抗剪强度的降低主要由其黏聚力的降低引起,同时黏聚力受干湿循环的影响较为显著。     

高温高湿盐环境下SBS改性沥青胶浆的高温性能

基于自行设计的室内盐蚀干湿循环试验,采用动态剪切流变仪,对SBS改性沥青胶浆进行温度扫描试验和多重应力重复蠕变恢复(MSCR)试验. 以3.2 kPa应力下的不可恢复蠕变柔量J_nr,3.2为胶浆高温流变性能评价指标,分析试验环境和干湿循环耦合作用对胶浆流变性能的影响. 采用灰色关联理论,探究J_nr,3.2与常规流变参数、干湿循环次数及试验环境之间的关联性. 结果表明,随着盐蚀干湿循环次数的增加,胶浆的复数切变模量、车辙因子及J_nr,3.2均呈增大趋势,相位角和蠕变恢复率呈减小趋势. 在同种试验条件下,硫酸盐环境对胶浆高温性能的影响最大. J_nr,3.2与改进型车辙因子、试验环境的灰色关联度最大,关联度系数均大于0.93. 建议采用日常清扫、定期洒水冲洗的方式来减小路面盐分的积累,提高高温高湿环境中沥青路面的抵抗变形的能力.     

饱和软粘土的流变和循环流变试验研究

分别对上海淤泥质饱和软粘土进行了长期流变和循环流变试验,得出其在不同围压、不同偏压和不同动应力作用下的变形规律。结果显示,围压相同时,偏压比大,试样的流变变形大,而偏压比相同时,围压大,流变变形也大;循环流变试验总体规律和流变试验相同,但经过一个循环加载阶段之后,随后的流变变形则很小。这些结论对今后软土地区高速公路、铁路和地铁建设提供一些帮助。     

库水变动状况下危岩变形破坏机理分析

为了查明大山庙危岩体宏观变形破坏特征,掌握在库水波动作用下,危岩体内部岩体劣化程度及其强度变化状况,分析其变形破坏机理,对其失稳模式进行研判,在宏观调查的基础上,进行了现场声波测试,以及室内干湿循环状况下抗压强度和耐崩解性试验测试。结果表明：危岩体变形破坏特征主要为拉裂、剪切、坠落,干湿循环对危岩体有较明显的劣化作用,其完整性、强度和耐崩解性均存在明显降低趋势。大山庙危岩体变形破坏机理为在库水波动作用下产生的结构和材料连续累进性破坏过程,其最可能的失稳模式为剪切－滑移。     

干湿循环作用下粉煤灰混凝土徐变试验研究

根据后张法预应力混凝土原理,自制1套用于干湿循环作用下粉煤灰混凝土轴心受压构件徐变试验加载装置,以满足持续荷载与干湿循环耦合作用下粉煤灰混凝土徐变的试验要求。对轴心受压荷载级别为20%,7 d干8 d湿为一干湿循环周期条件下粉煤灰混凝土构件的徐变发展规律进行了试验研究。结果表明,与长期浸泡在水中的条件相比,干湿循环作用将显著增大轴心受压粉煤灰混凝土构件的徐变变形,其主要体现在前4个干湿循环周期。     

风化料的强度与变形特性及其影响因素分析

按照相似级配法将风化料的粒径缩小后,进行物理力学性质试验研究,并采用干湿循环模拟风化料的进一步风化进行试验.基于此,探讨了风化料的强度特性和变形特性,对风化料快速法与常速法压缩试验的结果进行了比较,分析了影响凤化料强度和变形特性的各种因素.     

干湿循环条件下水泥改性膨胀土变形和强度试验

为了探究干湿循环作用对水泥改性膨胀土力学性质的影响,以合肥地铁1号线太湖路车站基坑膨胀土为试验对象,进行了不同水泥掺入比和不同养护龄期的水泥改性膨胀土直剪试验,确定了最佳水泥掺入比以及最佳养护龄期.在此基础上,进行了干湿循环条件下膨胀土和水泥改性膨胀土的胀缩变形试验和直剪试验.试验结果表明:膨胀土的胀缩变形过程并不完全可逆,随干湿循环次数的增多,抗剪强度逐渐减小,绝对胀缩率逐渐增大,并最终趋于稳定;水泥改性后的膨胀土抗剪强度明显提高,水稳性显著提升,胀缩性明显减弱;经水泥改性后,膨胀土受干湿循环作用的影响显著减小.     

Rheological properties of surrounding rock in deep hard rock tunnels and its reasonable support form

Second lining stability, which is the last protection in tunnel engineering, is critically important. The rheological properties of the surrounding rock heavily affect second lining stability. In this work, we used laboratory triaxial compressive rheological limestone tests to study nonlinear creep damage characteristics of surrounding rock mass in construction projects. We established a nonlinear creep damage constitutive model for the rock mass, as well as a constitutive model numerical implementation made by programming. Second, we introduced a new foam concrete with higher compression performance and good ductility and studied its mechanical properties through uniaxial and triaxial tests. This concrete was used as the filling material for the reserved deformation layer between the primary support and second lining. Finally, we proposed a high efficiency and accuracy staged optimization method. The minimum reserved deformation layer thickness was established as the optimization goal, and the presence of plastic strain in the second lining after 100 years of surrounding rock creep was used as an evaluation index. Reserved deformation layer thickness optimization analysis reveals no plastic strain in the second lining when the reserved deformation minimum thickness layer is 28.50 cm. The results show that the new foam concrete used as a reserved deformation layer filling material can absorb creep deformation of surrounding rock mass, reduce second lining deformation that leads to plastic strain, and ensure long-term second lining stability.     

改性水硬性石灰基材料的制备与耐久性

为了得到更加适宜于岩土文物保护加固的水硬性石灰材料,研究了掺加矿粉、外加剂和聚乙烯醇纤维的改性水硬性石灰的配合比优化设计、力学性能、水化硬化机理和耐久性.研究发现:矿粉、外加剂和聚乙烯醇纤维能显著提高水硬性石灰的力学性能以及耐久性;经改性后的水硬性石灰试样D,其抗折强度、抗压强度和拉拔强度分别能达到3.27、15.45、0.61 MPa,而且,经过耐水、耐盐和干湿循环试验后,仍然保持较高的力学性能,这对于岩土质文物的保护修复具有重大的意义.     

北京大兴国际机场及周边交通干道形变时序InSAR监测

北京大兴国际机场作为国际航空综合交通枢纽,开展其周边地面形变及主要交通干道的稳定性监测,对保障机场的正常运营至关重要。利用2019～2020年覆盖北京大兴国际机场的42景升轨和35景降轨Sentinel-1影像,采用StaMPS技术对机场周边地面沉降及主要交通干道稳定性进行了监测。结果表明:Sentinel-1升、降轨监测结果具有很好的一致性,90%以上的公共像元形变速率差值的绝对值小于8 mm·年^-1; 机场西部(西胡林村、十里铺村和辛安庄村附近)、机场北部(西里河村和祁各庄村附近)以及机场东北部(河北头村和西白塔村附近)地面沉降状况相对严重,局部地区年均形变速率超过-30 mm·年^-1; 形变时序结果显示在西胡林村、十里铺村和祁各庄村附近,地面累计形变分别达到了58、60和70 mm。通过提取北京大兴国际机场周围主要交通干道形变趋势分析可知,多条主要交通干道均存在不同程度的沉降趋势,存在潜在安全隐患,后续需要重点关注并持续监测。此外,对高架道路高度的反演结果显示,高架道路与周围部分地物在高度上形成鲜明对比,且与实际情况较为相符。     

The Quantification of Micro-structural Damage of Weak Muddy Intercalation in Dry-wet Cycles Combining in-situ SEM and DIP

In order to reflect truly the damage evolution mechanism of weak muddy intercalation in dry-wet cycles, two typical weak muddy intercalations were selected for dry-wet cycles. The mineral changes of specimens were analyzed via X-ray diffraction after dry-wet cycles. By combining in-situ SEM and digital image processing(DIP), the damage evolution process and damage characteristic parameters of each stage were obtained. The experimental results indicate that the hydration and dissolution of minerals can not be a determinant factor in structure damage. The micro-structural damage is due to disintegration of mineral aggregates, leading to changes in the number and size of cracks and pores. The damage degree of specimens is related to its initial structure, and the micro-structural damage intensifies and finally tends to stabilize with cycle times increased.     

硫酸盐环境混凝土动弹性模量及微观研究

针对西部重盐渍土地区混凝土的耐久性问题,以内掺复合掺合料制成的高性能细石混凝土和普通硅酸盐水泥以及抗硫酸盐水泥制成的高性能细石混凝土作为研究对象,在硫酸钠溶液中进行干湿循环后,通过对动弹性模量的测量以及对混凝土SEM形貌分析,结果表明,在干湿交替的恶劣环境中,抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土的抗侵蚀性能并不比普通水泥混凝土好;掺加复合掺和料的高性能细石混凝土对硫酸盐侵蚀有较好的抵抗性能;掺加矿物掺合料能够与混凝土内部的不利成分Ca(OH)2发生二次水化反应,生成有利的C-S-H凝胶,有效改善混凝土的微观结构;并给出了在盐渍土地区拌制混凝土的建议.     

MICP加固钙质砂的耐久性试验研究

南海岛礁建设中，钙质砂是易于获取的原材料，但也存在孔隙多、易破碎等不足。为保证岛礁建设的安全稳定，设计经微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）加固后钙质砂试样在海水、纯水环境下分别进行浸泡与干湿循环试验，以探究不同环境与处理方式对MICP加固钙质砂样耐久性能的影响。结果表明：（1）经MICP加固的钙质砂具有较好的抗侵蚀能力，通过增加钙质砂的加固轮次能够有效地提高试样的耐久性能，其在海水中干湿循环时劣化最快，在纯水中浸泡时劣化最慢；（2）持续浸泡与干湿循环均会对试样耐久性造成不利影响，干湿循环的劣化作用更大；（3）控制其余变量不变时，海水环境下试样耐久性能的劣化比纯水环境下更严重。     

Investigation of Sulfate Attack Resistance of Shotcrete under Dry-wet Cycles

In order to research the sulfate attack resistance of shotcrete, the sulfate attack of shotcrete in the presence and absence of steel fiber was experimentally studied by using dry-wet cycle method. Meanwhile, compared with ordinary concrete by the same mixture, the difference of sulfate attack resistance of shotcrete was studied. The experimental results showed that, with dry-wet cycles increasing, the changes of loss rate of relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss rate of specimens included three stages: initial descent stage, stable stage, and rapid descent stage, respectively. However, the changes of mechanical properties first increased and then decreased. Furthermore, the corrosion products of shotcrete after sulfate attack were observed by using the method of XRD, thermal analysis, and SEM, respectively, and the failure mode of shotcrete turned from ettringite destruction to ettringite-gypsum comprehensive failure. Meanwhile, the contents of ettringite and gypsum increased with increasing dry-wet cycle. Simultaneously, the stratified powders drilled from shotcrete under 150's dry-wet cycle were analyzed for the mineral phase composition and thermal analysis. With the drywet cycle increasing, the content of ettringite first increased and then decreased and tended to stable. However, the determination of gypsum decreased gradually and even to 0 when the depth was more than 12 mm.     

Effects of stress conditions on rheological properties of granular soil in large triaxial rheology laboratory tests

In order to study the rheological properties of red stone granular soil,a series of rheological experiments were executed on large tri-axial rheological apparatus.Under 100,200 and 300 kPa confining stress conditions,the rheological tests were carried out.These experiment results showed that the stress conditions,especially the stress level were the critical influencing factors of the rheological deformation properties.Under the low stress level(S=0.1),the granular soil showed the elastic properties,and there was no obvious rheological deformation.Under the middle stress level(0.20.8) creep curves showed the non-linear viscous plastic rheological properties.Especially,under the stress level of S=1.0,the accelerated rheological phase of creep curves occurred at early time with a trend of failure.The stress level had obvious effects on the final rheological deformation of the soil sample,and the final rheological deformation increments nonlinearly increased with stress level.The final rheological deformation increment and step was little under low stress level,while it became large under high stress level,which showed the nonlinearly rheological properties of the granular soil.The confining pressure also had direct effects on final rheological deformation,and the final rheological deformation linearly increased with confining pressure increments.