In situ prepared Al-Si alloy matrix composites reinforced by γ-Al2O3p

A γ-Al2O3 particles reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composite was fabricated by adding NH4Al(SO4)2 to molten aluminum alloy. TEM observation shows that in-situ γ-Al2O3 particles are generally spherical and uniformly distributed in the matrix. The results of dry sliding wear tests show that the wear resistance of the composites increases with increasing mass fraction, and the volume loss is considerably lesser than that of the matrix and is lesser than that of the composites by adding γ-Al2O3 particles directly.     

In situ prepared Al-Si alloy matrix composites reinforced by γ-Al2O3p

A γ-Al2O3 particles reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composite was fabricated by adding NH4Al（SO4）2 to molten aluminum alloy. TEM observation shows that in-situ γ-Al2O3 particles are generally spherical and uniformly distributed in the matrix. The results of dry sliding wear tests show that the wear resistance of the composites increases with increasing mass fraction, and the volume loss is considerably lesser than that of the matrix and is lesser than that of the composites by adding γ-Al2O3 particles directly.     

纳米氧化铝颗粒增强铜-碳基复合材料的磨损性能

用MA技术制备了C体积分数为10%的Cu-C固溶体粉体,用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)烧结技术制备了平均尺寸为12 nm的γ-Al2O3颗粒和用SPS方法制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒增强Cu-C固溶体基复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪对MA粉体、干凝胶和煅烧粉体进行了物相分析;通过JSM-5500LV型扫描电镜对磨损表面形貌进行观察分析并分析其磨损机制;使用MG-2000型高温摩擦磨损试验机对制备的复合材料进行了干摩擦实验并测定其磨损量。结果表明:纳米氧化铝颗粒体积分数及磨损载荷对复合材料摩擦磨损特性有显著影响,纳米氧化铝的体积分数从0%增加到2%,Cu基复合材料的磨损量从6.2 mg降到2.1 mg。     

Microstructure and Wear Behaviour of Laser-Induced Thermite Reaction Al2O3 Ceramic Coatings on Pure Aluminum and AA7075 Aluminum Alloy

Wear-resistant laser-induced thermite reaction Al_2O_3 ceramic coatings can be fabricated on pure Al and AA7075 aluminum alloy by laser cladding(one-step method)and laser cladding followed by laser re-melting(two-step method)using mixed powders CuO-Al-SiO_2 in order to improve the wear properties of aluminum and aluminum alloy,respectively.The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The wear resistance of the coatings was evaluated under dry sliding wear test condition at room temperature.Owing to the presence of hardα-Al_2O_3 andγ-Al_2O_3 phases,the coatings exhibited excellent wear resistance.In addition,the wear resistance of the coatings fabricated by two-step method is superior to that of the coatings fabricated by one-step method.     

添加剂对稻草灰熔融特性影响的实验研究

为了给生物质热化学转化中灰结渣和聚团问题的解决提供参考和依据,在小型实验装置上对稻草、稻草与添加剂混合物进行了燃烧试验.通过热力平衡计算软件选出合适的添加剂,添加剂包括Al粉、Si粉、Al2O3、SiO2、Ca3(PO4)2、CaSiO3、CaCO3、Al2(SO4)318H2O、CaSO4、CaO、(NH4)H2PO4等,通过对样品燃烧生成的底灰进行观测分析,选择较理想的添加剂(NH4)H2PO4,Al2(SO4)318H2O,CaSO4,CaO,CaCO3.理想添加剂样品底灰的XRD测试结果表明,(NH4)H2PO4可将稻草中钾转化为高熔点的K2CaP2O7;CaSO4和Al2(SO4)318H2O则可将碱金属钾以K2SO4形式固定在底灰中;CaO,CaCO3不直接与碱金属反应,但可与系统中的其它元素进行反应,促进稻草中熔融态钾的转化析出.实验结果表明,添加剂是解决由碱金属引起的秸秆灰熔融问题的有效途径之一.     

熔盐法制备Al_2O_3粒子增强铝基复合材料的工艺研究

用碱性熔盐作为载体将Al_2O_3粒子较均匀地添加到铝合金熔体中是获得Al_2O_3粒子增强铝基复合材料的新方法。本文对比了熔盐种类、配比、加入方法及Al_2O_3粒子大小对其在铝基体中分布均匀性的影响,测定了Al_2O_3粒子强化铝基铸选复合材料的机械性能。     

合成高活性Y2O3和Al2O3超细粉及Nd：YAG透明陶瓷

分别以Y（NO3）3和氨水、NH4Al（SO4）2.12H2O和碳酸氢铵为原料,采用化学沉淀法与碳酸铝铵分解法合成了高活性、平均粒径分别为39 nm和95 nm的Y2O3和Al2O3超细粉体.以Y2O3,Al2O3超细粉和商用Nd2O3粉体为原料,采用固相反应法,经1 700℃真空烧结15 h,制备了Nd：YAG透明陶瓷.含x（Nd）=1%的YAG陶瓷在可见光区最大透光率约为53%.对YAG陶瓷的烧结过程和显微组织研究表明,Nd的引入明显地促进了陶瓷的烧结,同时晶粒得到细化.     

水润滑下陶瓷与灰铸铁副的滑动磨损特性

研究了在蒸馏水润滑下Si3N4、Al2O3陶瓷与灰铸铁副的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明：Al2O3陶瓷的磨损体积损失远小于Si3N4的,但灰铸铁与Si3N4配副时的磨损体积损失却大大小于与Al2O3配副时的,其摩擦系数也很小（0．02）。用SEM观察磨损形貌,发现灰铸铁与Si3N4配副时Si3N4磨面极其光滑,与其对应的灰铸铁磨面上存在含石墨的润滑膜。     

复合固体超强酸催化剂SO_4~（2-）/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-WO_3的制备及表征

采用沉淀浸渍法制备复合固体超强酸催化剂SO24-/ZrO2-Al2O3-WO3,运用Hammett指示剂法、FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TGA和BET等对相应的催化剂进行表征,并研究了陈化温度、焙烧温度、浸渍液浓度等制备条件以及Al2O3、WO3等不同金属氧化物的引入对SO24-/ZrO2的影响。结果表明,低温陈化的试样具有较强的酸性和催化活性,添加Al2O3可增大催化剂的比表面积和酸度值,引入WO3有利于酸性的增强。复合固体催化剂SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-WO3的最佳制备方案是,陈化温度为-10℃、m（Al2O3）/m（ZrO2）为3.5、m（WO3）/m（ZrO2）为1、浸渍液（NH4）2SO4浓度为1.0 mol.L-1、焙烧温度为500℃。该催化剂用于乙酸正丁酯的合成,其酯化率达到98.5%。     

SiCp含量与粒径对SiCp-Al/无石棉有机摩擦材料摩擦学特性的影响

对不同体积含量（１０％,１５％,２０％）和不同粒径（６,１３μｍ）的ＳｉＣｐ增强Ａｌ９Ｓｉ铝基复合材料与无石棉有机摩擦材料组成的摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性进行了试验研究．试验表明：该摩擦副具有较稳定的摩擦系数;ＳｉＣｐ的含量和粒径对摩擦副的摩擦系数影响不大．摩擦材料的磨损量随ＳｉＣｐ含量和粒径的增大而减小．     

制备条件对氧化铝前驱体形貌及孔径分布的影响

以硝酸铝溶液为原料,NH4HCO3为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀-溶胶工艺,制备了一系列前驱物Al(OH)3,通过正交实验考察前驱物生成条件对氧化铝孔径分布的影响.利用比表面孔径测试仪和TEM分别对氧化铝孔径分布和前驱物的形貌及聚集状态进行表征.结果表明,制备高分散度的前驱体是制备孔径分布集中的氧化铝的前提;前驱体生成条件对氧化铝孔径分布的影响从大到小依次为:陈化时间,过量系数(pH值),反应温度,加料方式,Al3+浓度.通过正交实验考察成型压力、黏结剂浓度和煅烧温度对氧化铝孔径分布的影响.高压下成型使Al2O3颗粒形成缺陷孔,孔径分布出现双峰结构,说明高压不利于形成孔径集中分布的Al2O3颗粒.成型条件对孔径分布的影响顺序为:成型压力,其次是煅烧温度和黏结剂.Al2O3孔径分布集中在5～10 nm.     

In-situ fabrication of particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites under high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field

Pulsed magnetic field is generated when imposing pulse signal on high-frequency magnetic field. Distribution of the inner magnetic intensity in induction coils tends to be uniform. Furthermore oscillation and disturbance phenomena appear in the melt. In-situ Al2O3 and Al3Zr particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites have been synthesized by direct melt reaction using Al-Zr(CO3)2 components under a foreign field. The size of reinforced particulates is 2-3 μm. They are well distributed in the matrix. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis show that high-frequency pulsed magnetic field accelerates heat and mass transfer processes and improves the kinetic condition of in-situ fabrication.     

Microstructure and wear behaviour of laser-induced thermite reaction Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramic coatings on pure aluminum and AA7075 aluminum alloy

Wear-resistant laser-induced thermite reaction Al2O3 ceramic coatings can be fabricated on pure Al and AA7075 aluminum alloy by laser cladding （one-step method） and laser cladding followed by laser re-melting （two-step method） using mixed powders CuO-Al-SiO2 in order to improve the wear properties of aluminum and aluminum alloy, respectively. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The wear resistance of the coatings was evaluated under dry sliding wear test condition at room temperature. Owing to the presence of hard α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 phases, the coatings exhibited excellent wear resistance. In addition, the wear resistance of the coatings fabricated by two-step method is superior to that of the coatings fabricated by one-step method.     

原位自生成陶瓷相增强铝基复合材料的研究

采用粉末冶金法成功制备了原位生成陶瓷相增强AI基复合材料。应用X射线衍射仪进行了物相组成测试,发现含10％－20％（重量百分比） SiO2复合材料的最终物相均为MgAI2O4、MgO、Mg2Si、Si和AI。研究了SiO2含量对复合材料硬度、密度、电导率、抗压强度、磨擦磨损等性能的影响表明,随SiO2含量的增加,复合材料的硬度和密度增加,电导率、抗压强度和体积磨损量减小,而磨擦系数却增加。     

等离子喷涂复合陶瓷涂层及其耐磨性能

用等离子喷涂技术制取了ＭＯ＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ２、ＭＯＳ２＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２＋Ｃｒ３Ｃ２ＮｉＣｒ和ＭｏＳ２＋Ｃｒ３Ｃ２－ＮｉＣｒ复合涂层．利用ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、和ＸＰＳ等技术．观察和分析了涂层的显微结构和喷涂过程中的物相变化及添加成分对涂层耐磨性能的影响．在ＭＭ－２００型磨损试验机上测定了涂层的滑动摩擦系数和磨损率．结果表明；Ｍｏ、ＭｏＳ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ２的结合性能较好，ＴｉＯ２、ＭｏＳ２在Ｃｒ３Ｃ２－ＮｉＣｒ涂层的气孔和裂纹处偏聚；添加ＭｏＳ２对Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ２涂层的物相组成有明显的影响；适量的ＭＯ、ＭＯＳ２加入Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ２中，可以降低涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率；而ＴｉＯ２、ＭｏＳ２加入Ｃｒ３Ｃ２－ＮｉＣｒ中，对涂层的摩擦磨损性能影响不大     

K(H_2O)_6Al(H_2O)_6(SO_4)_2和K(C_4H_5O_6)(C_4H_5O_6=D,L-酒石酸)的结构:钾离子和氧原子之间成键研究(英文)

利用水合硫酸铝在氢氧化钾存在的条件下在水中发生共晶作用得到无色块状的配合物K(H2O)6Al(H2O)6(SO4)2晶体,其中钾离子(K+)形成KO6八面体的配位几何构型。将D,L-酒石酸和相同当量的KOH反应生成配合物K(C4H5O6)(C4H5O6=D,L-酒石酸),其中K+以KO8多面体的形式被8个氧原子围绕形成一个扭曲的立方体形式。     

微米氧化铝/尼龙复合材料煤泥润滑条件下滚滑摩擦磨损行为

使用微米氧化铝(Al2O3)为增强剂,以尼龙1010为基体,进行氧化铝/尼龙复合材料在煤泥润滑条件下的滚滑动摩擦磨损实验.通过实验发现,水能降低氧化铝/尼龙复合材料的摩擦系数,但增大了磨损量.煤泥润滑时尼龙1010材料的摩擦系数为0.096;氧化铝/尼龙复合材料的平均摩擦系数为0.089,只有纯尼龙的92.7%.尼龙磨损量是3.32mm3;Al2O3/尼龙复合材料的磨损量平均为15.73mm3;Al2O3/尼龙复合材料的平均磨损量平均是尼龙的4.74倍.     

Microstructures and Mechanism of Al_2O_3/Al Composites Fabricated by the Reaction between SiO_2 and Molten Aluminum

1　IntroductionAmongtheavailablemethodsforfabricatingcompos ite ,thein situreactionsynthesispossessestechnicalandeconomicadvantages :simpleprocess ,lowfabricationcost .Throughthechemicalreactionbetweenliquidandsolid ,in situreinforcedceramicparticleswithfinedimen sionandgooddistributioncanbeformed .Theparticleshaveawellcombinedinterfacewiththematrixandhavenopollutionofimpurities .Thecompositeobtainedbyin situreactionhasexcellentproperties ,soithaswideap plications .Inthefabricationofthein sit…     

石英晶体微天平原位研究铝的大气腐蚀

目的研究NaCl,（NH4）：SO4,Na2SO4和NH4Cl的潮解性能及其沉积铝的大气腐蚀行为,揭示盐的潮解性对铝腐蚀的影响规律．方法在温度25℃±1℃,相对湿度80％±2％的净化空气中,采用石英晶体微天平（QCM）在镀金的石英晶片上研究了NaCl,（NH4）2SO4,Na2SO4和NH4Cl的潮解性．在温度25±2±1℃,相对湿度80％±2％的净化空气和含SO2的气氛中,用石英晶体微天平（QCM）研究了盐沉积后铝的腐蚀行为,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、傅立叶红外光谱手段进行表征．结果发现NH4Cl的潮解性能最强,其后依次为（NH4）2SO4,NaCl,Na2SO4．铝在含SO2的气氛中的腐蚀比在净化空气中严重,并且经NH4Cl沉积的铝腐蚀最为严重,接着依次为（NH4）2SO4,NaCl,Na2SO4．盐沉积后,铝在盐沉积区开始腐蚀,然后扩展到其他区域．结论经盐沉积后铝腐蚀的程度与盐的潮解性能有关,潮解性能越大,腐蚀越严重．对腐蚀产物结构的测定,在含SO2的气氛中铝的腐蚀产物主要是由硫酸盐组成。因而其腐蚀较为严重．     

Al2O3/(W, Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料的力学性能与强韧化机理

采用纳米和亚微米级的α-Al₂O₃,以及微米级的(W,Ti)C粉体为原料,制备了Al₂O₃/(W,Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料.在基体Al₂O₃含有体积分数为11%的纳米Al₂O₃时复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最优,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和硬度分别为840MPa,6.55MPa·m^1/2和20.1GPa.TEM实验表明,纳米颗粒的加入明显抑止了基体晶粒的长大,形成了典型的骨架结构,材料的断裂方式为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的混合.内晶型和晶间型第二相颗粒产生的残余应力场、断裂模式的改变和晶粒细化强化促进了复合材料抗弯强度和断裂韧性的提高.