空化喷咀的参数分析

“空化水射流”可以提高高压水射流的切割能力。利用空化喷咀来产生“空泡”是获得“空化水射流”的简便方法。在大量试验的基础上,本文对“空化喷咀”各参数对“空化水射流”的影响进行了分析,为设计优良的“空化喷咀”,产生高效的“空化水射流”提供了参考。     

空化喷嘴混沌特性的辨识

通过实验,使用高频水听器采集3种常用不同结构空化喷嘴产生的空化噪声信号,选取其中的信号,以Takens定理为基础,进行相空间重构,并分别计算其最大Lyapunov指数值.实验对空化喷嘴的混沌特性进行辨识以及比较分析,为空化喷嘴的设计、检测提供了一种新的途径.在采用的实验条件下,选取的空化噪声信号的最大Lyapunov指数值大于零,即这些信号都是混沌信号.实验显示,具有自激振荡腔结构喷嘴的最大Lyapunov指数值最大.     

壅塞管直径对壅塞空化器空化特性的影响

在不同壅塞管直径下,利用Fluent软件对壅塞空化器进行数值分析并采用水听器对其空化噪声信号测试,探索壅塞管直径对壅塞空化器空化特性的影响。测试结果表明：增大壅塞管直径,最大压力上升梯度值会增大,壅塞截面会向上游移动;壅塞空化器的数值分析和空化噪声信号测试结果基本吻合,壅塞管的最佳直径为10 mm。     

空化喷嘴混沌特性的辨识

通过实验,使用高频水听器采集3种常用不同结构空化喷嘴产生的空化噪声信号,选取其中的信号,以Takens定理为基础,进行相空间重构,并分别计算其最大Lyapunov指数值。实验对空化喷嘴的混沌特性进行辨识以及比较分析,为空化喷嘴的设计、检测提供了一种新的途径。在采用的实验条件下,选取的空化噪声信号的最大Lyapunov指数值大于零,即这些信号都是混沌信号。实验显示,具有自激振荡腔结构喷嘴的最大Lyapunov指数值最大。     

壅塞空化与射流空化噪声谱特性的实验研究

水力空化已成为一种很有潜力的水处理技术。利用水听器采集空化噪声信号,通过对比分析不同喷嘴产生的空化噪声的功率谱特性,得出壅塞空化器具有宽频高能量平台的功率谱曲线,特别适合于水动力空化处理污水和净化水等领域。     

叶片数对离心泵空化诱导振动噪声的影响

为研究叶片数对离心泵空化诱导振动噪声的影响,以一台5叶片单级端吸离心泵为研究对象,保持泵体和叶轮其他几何参数不变,将叶片数分别改为4、6和7.基于虚拟仪器数据采集系统和泵产品测试系统在离心泵闭式实验台上测量了不同叶片数模型泵在不同净正吸入水头(NPSH)时的振动、噪声和出口压力脉动信号,并对信号进行处理和分析.试验结果表明:模型泵空化诱导的振动对泵体的影响最大,综合比较各测点的振动强度,4叶片模型泵的振动最剧烈,5叶片模型泵的振动相对最小.在不同空化状态下,模型泵噪声信号随叶片数的增加叶频峰值基本不变,但轴频峰值变化规律复杂,在空化严重时,6叶片模型泵的轴频峰值最大.随着空化程度的加剧,各叶片数模型泵的轴频峰值呈下降趋势.     

空化水射流处理垃圾渗滤液实验研究

以重庆某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液为研究对象,采用空化水射流空化降解垃圾渗滤液中复杂有机物,通过实验研究了泵压、围压、pH值和空化时间对空化处理垃圾渗滤液的影响规律,得出了空化水射流能降解有机物,从而显著提高渗滤液的可生化性的结论,同时确定了最佳空化条件是围压0.6 MPa,pH值9.0,空化处理时间90 min,泵压10 MPa。在最佳条件下空化处理垃圾渗滤液,COD和BOD5分别上升了124.8%和293.3%,BOD5/COD也提高了52.44%,色度降低,SS提高了191.5%,为后续处理创造有利条件。     

高压空化水射流破岩主要影响因素的研究

为了探讨高压空化水射流的空蚀能力与水力参数、岩石性质的相互关系及各参数影响破岩效果的内在机理,通过在不同泵压和围压条件下,针对不同孔隙率的岩石对高压空化水射流破碎岩石效果进行了一系列实验研究.结果表明:空蚀效果(空蚀质量、空蚀深度)随泵压增加成二次函数关系增加,随围压增加成二次函数关系减少;空泡云长度随泵压的增加而增大.随围压的增大而减小,并能较好的拟合成三次曲线函数关系,空泡云长度直接决定有效靶距,从而影响空蚀效果;本实验条件下,泵压在7 MPa时发生空化现象,并能破碎单轴抗压强度为96MPa的砂岩;岩石的孔隙率对空化水射流的破岩能力影响较大,孔隙率越高的岩石越容易被空化水射流破碎.     

水射流式炮孔排水装置的空化现象研究

研究了水射流式炮孔排水装置的空化现象,分析了炮孔积水排除过程中特殊流场的变化及其与空化现象的关系,总结了防止空化现象发生的有关措施。     

穿孔板噪声谱分析研究

水力空化与超声空化是产生空化的两种主要方法,国内外研究者对超声空化的噪声谱研究的非常多.但对于水力空化,一般仅进行应用方面的实验研究,而疏于声学方面的研究.为进一步了解水力空化的声学特性,本文理论上进行板的振动的计算,并用ANSYS模拟穿孔板的振动,研究其振动频率与测得的空化噪声谱之间的联系.研究结果表明,在特定的条件下,测得的噪声谱呈现明显线状谱分布的超声成分,此时高速水流冲击穿孔板引起了穿孔板的强烈振动,发出超声,但在一般情况下,多孔板水力空化噪声谱并不含超声成分,也不具有明显线状谱特性.     

Comminution of mica by cavitation abrasive water jet

1　IntroductionMicaisamineralwithaveryhighvalueforindustri alapplications .Ithasbeenwidelyusedinpottery ,paper making ,medicines ,cosmeticsandotherfields .Thetotaloutputofmicaintheworldisabout 2 5 0 0 0 0tonseachyear.Chinaproducesabout 30 0 0 0tonseveryyear[1] .Fig .1　ThestratifiedstructureofmicaItisdifficulttocomminutemicabecauseofitsstrati fiedstructure ,asshowninFig .1.Atpresent ,research ersallovertheworldarestudyingtodevelopnewequip mentandtechniqueforthecomminutionofmicapowde r[2 ] .…     

Experimental Observations of Cavitating Flows Around a Hydrofoil

The cavitation around a hydrofoil is studied experimentally to shed light on the multiphase fluid dynamics. Different cavitation regimes are studied by using high speed visualization and particle image velocimetry(PIV). As decreasing the cavitation number, four cavitating flow regimes are observed: incipient cavitation, sheet cavitation, cloud cavitation, and supercavitation. From the incipient cavitation to the cloud cavitation, bubbles become more and more. Phenomena with large-scale vortex structure and rear re-entrant jet associated with the cloud cavitation, and subsequent development in the supercavitation are described. The velocity in the cavitation regions in the different cavitation conditions is low compared to that of the free stream. The large velocity gradient is also observed in the cavitating flow region near the surface of the hydrofoil.     

Validation of dynamic cavitation model for unsteady cavitating flow on NACA66

Unsteady cavitating flow is extremely complicated and brings more serious damages and unignorable problems compared with steady cavitating flow.CFD has become a practical way to model cavitation;however,the popularly used full cavitation model cannot reflect the pressure-change that the bubble experiences during its life path in the highly unsteady flow like cloud cavitating.Thus a dynamic cavitation model(DCM)is proposed and it has been considered to have not only the first-order pressure effects but also zero-order effect and can provide greater insight into the physical process of bubble producing,developing and collapsing compared to the traditional cavitation model.DCM has already been validated for steady cavitating flow,and the results were reported.Furthermore,DCM is designed and supposed to be more accurate and efficient in modeling unsteady cavitating flow,which is also the purpose of this paper.The basic characteristic of the unsteady cavitating flow,such as the vapor volume fraction distribution and the evolution of pressure amplitude and frequency at different locations of the hydrofoil,are carefully studied to validate DCM.It is found that not only these characteristics mentioned above accord well with the experimental results,but also some detailed transient flow information is depicted,including the re-entrant jet flow that caused the shedding of the cavity,and the phenomenon of two-peak pressure fluctuation in the vicinity of the cavity closure in a cycle.The numerical results validate the capability of DCM for the application of modeling the complicated unsteady cavitating flow.     

Effect of cavitation on comminution of mica powder

The cavitation abrasive water jet was used in the comminution of mica.By applying a cavitation nozzle in the abrasive water jet system to enhance the effect of cavitation and friction,better comminution results were obtained.The JME-200CX transmission electron microscope was used for observing the size distribution of particles.As using cavitation abrasive water jet,the relative comminution effect is raised by more than 25% compared with using abrasive water jet oly.It can be concluded that the effect of cavitation is much more significant than that of impacting in the comminution of mica.     

水翼非定常空化流场的数值模拟

采用修正的RNGk-ε湍流模型对8°攻角NACA0015水翼的非定常二维空化流场进行数值模拟,分析当空化数分别为1和1.5,对应雷诺数为3×105时绕翼型的非定常流动,得到不同空化数下的非定常空化流场结构及其演化过程的流动特性.计算结果表明,回射流在空泡的形成和发展过程中起着重要的作用.空泡首先出现于水翼的前缘,在其产生的位置形成一个顺时针的漩涡,漩涡沿水翼上表面向下游移动.空泡逐渐长大并脱落,在不同空化数下,空泡脱落的位置不同.空泡形成和发展过程中均伴有压力的波动,大空化数流场的压力波动幅度和频率都明显高于小空化数流场.     

空化水射流空泡溃灭过程的数值分析

空化空泡发育与溃灭的计算是研究空化水射流的一个重点和难点.对比分析了空泡运动方程即Rayleigh-Plesset方程的不同数值解法,并针对固定时间步长的缺点,提出了变步长法解Rayleigh-Plesset方程的思路.通过优化系数λ=Ri/Ri-1,得出如下分析结果:在空泡内外压力变化的不同情况下,变步长法均优于固定步长法且没有奇异点.变步长法在节约计算量,保证结果精度等方面都有较好表现,该方法为研究空化水射流提供新的思路和算法.     

Computational Analyses of Cavitating Flows in Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen

The objective of this study is to analyze the fundamental characteristics and the thermodynamic effects of cavitating flows in liquid hydrogen. For this purpose, numerical simulation of cavitating flows are conducted over a three dimensional hydrofoil in liquid hydrogen. Firstly, the efficiency of this computational methodology is validated through comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurements of pressure and temperature. Secondly, after analysing the cavitating flows in liquid hydrogen and water, the characteristics under cryogenic conditions are highlighted. The results show that the thermodynamic effects play a significant role in the cavity structure and the mass transfer, the dimensionless mass transfer rate of liquid hydrogen is much larger, and the peak value is about ninety times as high as water at room temperature. Furthermore, a parametric study of cavitating flows on hydrofoil is conducted by considering different cavitation number and dimensionless thermodynamic coefficient. The obtained results provide an insight into the thermodynamic effect on the cavitating flows.     

Impingement capability of high-pressure submerged water jet: Numerical prediction and experimental verification

At jet pressures ranging from 80 to 120 MPa, submerged water jets are investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. Numerical simulation enables a systematic analysis of major flow parameters such as jet velocity, turbulent kinetic energy as well as void fraction of cavitation. Experiments facilitate an objective assessment of surface morphology, micro hardness and surface roughness of the impinged samples. A comparison is implemented between submerged and non-submerged water jets. The results show that submerged water jet is characterized by low velocity magnitudes relative to non-submerged water jet at the same jet pressure. Shear effect serves as a key factor underlying the inception of cavitation in submerged water jet stream. Predicted annular shape of cavity zone is substantiated by local height distributions associated with experimentally obtained footprints. As jet pressure increases, joint contribution of jet kinetic energy and cavitation is demonstrated. While for non-submerged water jet, impingement force stems exclusively from flow velocity.     

Characteristics of Vibration Induced by Cavitation

Cavitation-induced vibration characteristics and the relations between the vibration and cavitation are studied. Cavitation vibrations are measured around a model hollow-jet valve by an accelerometer under cavitating and non-cavitating conditions. The measurement data is analyzed by FFT method. The corresponding cavitating flow patterns are photographed by a high-speed camera with an xenon flash lamp. The frequency band of the vibration induced by cavitation is determined. To compare the vibration intensities under different cavitation conditions, a definition of vibration acceleration level is introduced based on power spectral density of the vibration. By the analysis of vibration, the definitions of characteristic cavitation number are suggested. According to these cavitation numbers, the cavitation process is divided into three stages, that is, incipient cavitation, subcavitation and supercavitation.     

空化射流喷丸对45钢表面性能的影响

选用45钢作为研究对象,通过空化射流喷丸对其进行强化.利用microXAM型三维光学轮廓仪测量试样表面形貌,用S-3000N型扫描电镜表征试样表面的微观结构,采用71型显微硬度计测量试样截面硬度值的变化.结果表明:空化射流喷丸对45钢表面有明显的强化效果,喷射时间和射流压力对空化喷丸能力有着重要影响;空化射流喷丸强化比普通喷丸强化得到了更好的表面质量.