注氮惰化窒息燃烧煤炭氧浓度的实验研究

利用煤炭自燃实验系统,对龙固煤矿7煤煤样的自燃过程进行了模拟实验.实验研究了注氮情况下的煤氧化煤温、自燃状态与氧含量的变化关系,确定了龙固煤矿7煤煤样窒息的最低氧浓度,研究结果对使用注氮防治煤炭自燃技术的应用具有重要的现实指导意义.     

三相泡沫防治采空区煤炭自燃研究

针对目前煤矿防灭火技术与材料存在的一些不足，研制了一种用于防治采空区煤炭自燃的三相泡沫材料．简要介绍了三相泡沫的制备流程和主要技术参数；建立了采空区煤炭自燃过程的化学动力学方程，根据对方程中C，O2反应的物质的量浓度，煤体温度T，采空区的孔隙率γ等参数的控制，研究了三相泡沫防治采空区煤炭自燃的机理．结合三相泡沫在大兴煤矿N2703综放工作面采空区防治高温火源点的实际应用情况，对比了注三相泡沫前后取样气体中CO，O2体积浓度以及采空区温度丁的变化结果，有效地防治了煤炭自燃．应用结果表明三相泡沫防治采空区煤炭自燃的效果显著，是一种具有广阔应用前景的新型防灭火材料．     

高瓦斯矿井高冒区遗煤自燃综合防治技术

从岩石力学角度分析了断层高冒区形成的原因,以传热传质理论为基础,探讨了高冒区遗煤自燃原因.在此基础上结合平煤十三矿13081工作面煤巷高冒区自然发火情况,分析了注浆、封堵漏风通道、注氮等几种灭火技术综合作用下的灭火效果.通过综合灭火技术的实施,CO等标志性气体迅速下降,直至消失.实践证明,在治理高冒区遗煤自燃时,应用综合灭火防治技术是可行的.     

露天开挖火区法在浅地表自燃煤层火区灭火中的应用

针对内蒙古桌子山煤田一个煤矿的浅地表自燃煤层火区,通过比较露天开挖火区法、沙土覆盖灭火法和钻孔注浆灭火法的灭火工程和灭火效果,确定采用露天开挖火区法对该浅地表自燃煤层火区进行灭火.阐述了露天开挖火区法的灭火工程、工艺和安全措施.实践表明,由于露天开挖火区法在浅地表自燃煤层火区灭火中施工简单、灭火效果好、回收了火区中的煤炭资源且采出的煤可以补偿一部分工程费用,因而具有较好的技术和经济效益,值得推广.     

煤矿内因火灾防治方法及其有效性分析

介绍了煤矿中煤自然发火的一般规律,并分析了技术方法防(灭)火、均压防(灭)火、黄泥灌浆防(灭)火、氮气防(灭)火、凝胶防(灭)火等几种常用的预防内因火灾的防(灭)火方法;同时,对这些方法的防(灭)火有效性进行了分析,提出了实施这些方法的注意事项,以期能更好地预防煤自燃,从而更好地为矿井安全生产服务.     

煤矿内因火灾防治方法及其有效性分析

介绍了煤矿中煤自然发火的一般规律,并分析了技术方法防(灭)火、均压防(灭)火、黄泥灌浆防(灭)火、氮气防(灭)火、凝胶防(灭)火等几种常用的预防内因火灾的防(灭)火方法;同时,对这些方法的防(灭)火有效性进行了分析,提出了实施这些方法的注意事项,以期能更好地预防煤自燃,从而更好地为矿井安全生产服务.     

防治煤炭自燃的三相泡沫理论与技术研究

针对目前我国煤矿防灭火技术和手段存在不足,特别是针对大范围采空区或巷道高冒火灾、采空区隐蔽火源及高位火源、综放及俯采工作面煤炭自燃防治的难题,提出了由粉煤灰（黄泥）、氮气和水组成的三相泡沫防灭火新技术,该技术可以利用煤矿已有的注浆系统将三相泡沫注入采空区并形成覆盖面广、可向高冒区堆积的泡沫体,能较好地充填采空区或高冒区,有效扑灭火灾．针对固体不燃物（粉煤灰、黄泥）、水和氮气三相介质的特性,成功研制出了使浆液具有较高发泡倍数和较长稳定时间的三相泡沫发泡剂．应用浮选动力学、表面化学、物理化学、热力学和流体机械等理论,较系统地提出了三相泡沫的形成机理．根据三相泡沫的特点,发明了三相泡沫发泡器。应用流体力学理论,建立了发泡器喉部至扩散段区域负压大小和浆液流量的方程关系式,并通过CFD流体力学软件模拟了三相泡沫发泡器内不同扩散角度下管内静压和浆液流速的分布状况,得出了扩散角为60°时的压力分布和流速是形成三相泡沫的最佳条件．开展了三相泡沫发泡剂溶液阻止煤自燃的试验研究,结果表明：三相泡沫发泡剂溶液对煤自燃的阻化效果显著,能有效地减缓煤的氧化放热速率,抑制煤温度的升高,同时也有效地抑制CO的释放量,是很好的防止煤炭自燃的阻化剂;三相泡沫的灭火性能试验表明,三相泡沫可在较致密的多孔介质中不同方向流动,渗透性强,流动范围广,可扑灭较大范围区域内的高位火源和隐蔽地点的火源．三相泡沫流变特性研究表明,含黄泥或粉煤灰颗粒的三相泡沫属于屈服假塑性非牛顿流体;试验考察了发泡倍数、浆液浓度、外界温度及气体介质对三相泡沫黏度的影响;建立了三相泡沫在水平管道中流动的数学模型,确定了三相泡沫发泡器在井巷中合理的安装位置;建立了三相泡沫在大空间中堆积高度的数学模型． 在矿井灌浆系统中加入氮气,使泥浆发泡,体积增大,大流量的三相泡沫能在采空区中形成面与三维的流动方式,较之一般的水浆流动,覆盖面广,并可向上部堆积,能将更多的水、固体不燃物（黄泥、粉煤灰）带入防灭火区域,防灭火效果显著．建立了一套适合煤矿自然火灾防治的注三相泡沫的工艺系统,该系统安全可靠,操作方便,可连续大流量灌注．提出了沿顺槽采空区埋管、综采（综放）支架插管、地面打钻和与其它防灭火技术手段相互配合使用的多种注三相泡沫新工艺,并在现场得到了广泛应用．     

复杂漏风条件下煤体反复氧化与温升特性实验研究

为研究复杂漏风条件下煤矿井下密闭区内煤氧化温升特性,利用大煤堆自然发火实验台,开展了持续漏风(风量0.6 m~3/h)、微漏风(风量0.6 m~3/h→0)及间断漏风(风量0.4,1.2,0.4 m~3/h)条件下煤氧化过程与温度变化特性的研究。实验结果得到了持续漏风条件下风流的散热及供氧能力对煤自燃温升的影响特性,表明密闭区的"呼吸"漏风现象是引发煤氧化温升突变的原因,尤其是密闭区内注氮灭火后,煤体氧化温度的变化对"呼吸"漏风非常敏感。从理论上分析了复杂漏风环境下高温点的形成条件和演化规律。通过实验,获得了密闭区煤氧化高温点形成的判断依据,为密闭区煤自燃防治技术提供了理论依据。     

煤巷高冒区破碎煤体自然发火微循环理论分析

为了有效防治煤巷高冒区的自燃火灾,通过对高冒区现场试验的测温、取样化验分析和计算机流场模拟,分析了高冒区附近的风流微循环过程,建立了高冒区破碎煤体中的微循环流场和温度场的数值模拟模型.结果表明:高冒区附近的破碎煤体自燃分为高冒区中部的最有可能自然发火区Ⅰ、周边的可能自然发火区Ⅱ和自燃氧化影响区Ⅲ.煤巷高冒区破碎煤体的自燃氧化微循环机理可以表达为氧化耗氧与漏风供氧的氧平衡和氧化生热与漏风对0流散热的热平衡,如果漏风供氧能够保证煤炭自燃氧化的进行,同时氧化生热大于散热,则煤炭自燃微循环过程则能持续下去,发展为自燃,有效的高冒区自燃火灾防灭火措施为充填、堵漏和惰化高冒区,破坏氧热微循环过程的进行.     

大倾角中厚煤层短壁工作面防灭火实践

沛城煤矿8325采煤工作面属大倾角中厚煤层短壁开采.工作面回采过程中发生严重的采空区煤炭自燃现象,针对具体条件采用均压、埋管注胶、雾化阻化剂等防灭火措施,取得了较好的效果,提出了采煤工作面大倾角中厚煤层短壁开采的防灭火方法.     

Method for prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal seam and its application in mining field

Spontaneous combustion of coal seam has been and continues to be a big problem in coal mines. It could pose great threat to the safety of the whole mine and all miners, especially when it occurs in or nearby coal mines. Besides, environment of area surrounded mines during combustion can be threatened where large amount of toxic gases including CO_2, CO, SO_2 and H_2S can be leased by fire in mine. Hence, it is important and significant for scholars to study the controlling and preventing of the coal seam fire. In this paper, the complicated reasons for the occurrence and development of spontaneous combustion in coal seam are analysed and different models under various air leakage situations are built as well. Based on the model and approximately calculation, the difficulty of fire extinguishment in coal seam is pointed out as the difficulty and poor effect to remove the large amount of heat released. Detailed measurements about backfilling and case analyses are also provided on the basis of the recent ten years' practice of controlling spontaneous combustion in coal seams in China. A technical fire prevention and control method has been concluded as five steps including detection, prevention, sealing, injection and pressure adjustment. However, various backfill materials require different application and environmental factors, so in this paper, analyses and discussion about the effect and engineering application of prevention of spontaneous combustion are provided according to different backfilling technologies and methods. Once the aforementioned fire prevention can be widely applied and regulated in mines, green mining will be achievable concerning mine fire prevention and control.     

高瓦斯采煤工作面底分层开采综合防火技术研究

针对淮南矿业集团谢一矿5111B11b工作面底分层开采实际情况,从高瓦斯采煤工作面自然发火隐患的角度出发,综合控风、堵漏、灌浆、注氮、注胶等一系列技防灭火术,日灌浆量平均达到55．1m^3,日注氮量平均为6821．9m^3,控制CO浓度在20PPm以下,采空区的温度稳定在21～24℃间,实现了厚煤层底分层工作面安全高效开采,取得了显著的经济和社会效益,为淮南矿区类似条件工作面回采提供借鉴。     

离散正则化方法在煤矿井下隐蔽火源反演中的应用

矿井煤炭自燃是煤矿五大自然灾害之一,而煤炭自燃隐蔽火源位置的确定是解决煤炭白燃问题的关键。针对矿井隐蔽火源存在的特点,将火源位置的确定问题归结为热传导方程的寻源反问题。在理想状态下,假定火源为线火源,采用离散正则化方法对矿井隐蔽线火源进行反演。反演结果表明：该方法能够准确地反演出火源的特性;通过求解热传导寻源反演的方法是解决矿井隐蔽火源发火特性的有效途径,对矿井防灭火研究具有较高的理论和实际应用价值。     

Theoretical analysis and applications of Y-Inversion Ventilation System in a mine fire zone

Based on mine fire fighting practices at the 1110 working face of the Brapukuria Coal Mine,Bangladesh,we introduce and discuss the Y-Inversion Ventilation System,the latest technology used both in mine fire zone management and the unsealing process.This ventilation system can ensure that all miners breathed fresh air,providing protection for them during fire fighting and unsealing the fire zone.On the other hand,adjusting the amount of air at the working face and forming a CO leakage path controlled the state of the fire and as well ensured that the different fire extinguishing measures could be applied successfully.These are all fundamental techniques which ensured successful fire extinguishing and unsealing of the fire zone.We also analyzed the main reasons for the spontaneous coal combustion that occurred at the 1110 working face.Successful application of advanced composite polymer colloidal perfusion techniques,polymer foam MEA perfusion and fire-prevention technology by infusing nitrogen,used in mine fire zone management and unsealing,are presented.We value the experience with these techniques very highly and are of the opinion that these techniques could be widely used in mine fire fighting practices under similar spontaneous coal combustion conditions elsewhere.     

基于无线传感器网络的三维可视化矿井瓦斯监测系统研究

利用无线传感器网络进行矿井瓦斯浓度参数的采集,将这些数据通过汇聚节点融合后传输到瓦斯监测系统服务器存储,并在三维空间的查询状态下实时、同步显示于客户端。被监测巷道内的瓦斯浓度参数超限时,声光双重方式报警并直观显示报警区域,并提供紧急状态下的应急预案信息。系统为瓦斯灾害的预警和预控给出了强有力的技术支持,为煤炭企业瓦斯事故的预防提供借鉴。     

Influential factors and control of water inrush in a coal seam as the main aquifer

In this paper, a combination of field measurement, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were used to study the main control factors of coal mine water inrush in a main aquifer coal seam and its control scheme. On the basis of revealing and analyzing the coal seam as the main aquifer in western coal mine of Xiao Jihan coal mine, the simulation software of PHASE-2D was applied to analyze the water inflow under different influencing factors. The results showed that water inflow increases logarithmically with the coal seam thickness, increases as a power function with the permeability coefficient of the coal seam, and increases linearly with the coal seam burial depth and the head pressure; The evaluation model for the factors of coal seam water inrush was gained by using nonlinear regression analysis with SPSS. The mine water inrush risk evaluation partition within the scope of the mining field was obtained,through the engineering application in Xiao Jihan coal mine. To ensure the safe and efficient production of the mine, we studied the coal mine water disaster prevention and control measures of a main aquifer coal seam in aspects of roadway driving and coal seam mining.     

Prevention and control of coalfield fire technology: A case study in the Antaibao Open Pit Mine goaf burning area,China

It is very difficult to clearly detect the location of a burning area in a coal mine since it is hidden underground. So we conducted research on the distribution of the burning area before controlling it. Firstly, the original drilling technique was used to analyze and determine the loose and scope of caving of burning area through field test, and then obtained the gases and the temperature data in this area were according to the borehole data. By analyzing these data, we found out that the location of burning area concentrated in the loose and caving area; and finally, the location and development of the burning area within the tested area were accurately determined. Based on this theory, we used the ground penetrating radar (GPR) to find out the loose and caving scale in the burning area during the control process of the burning area, and then located the fire-extinguishing boreholes within target which we used to control burning fire in the section. A mobile comprehensive fire prevention and extinguishing system based on the three-phase foam fire prevention and control technique was then adopted and conducted in the burning area which took only 9 months to extinguish the 227,000 m² of burning area of 9# coal. This control technology and experience will provide a very important reference to the control of other coalfield fire and hillock fire in the future.     

Analysis of underground fires in Polish hard coal mines

In the period of the first twenty years after World War II the number of fires in Polish hard coal mines reached annually the value of several thousands of cases. About 80% of fires constituted spontaneous fires. Investigations into the development of new methods of fire hazard prediction and implementation of new methods and means of fire prevention as well as the introduction of prohibition concerning the use of products manufactured of combustible organic materials in underground mine workings re-duced considerably the hazard of underground fire rise. The worked out at the Central Mining Institute (GIG) new method of un-derground fire prediction allows the correct selection of fire prevention means. The introduction into common use of fire-resistant conveyor belts, the main factor giving rise to spontaneous fires, and methods of assessment of their fire resistance eliminated prac-tically the fire hazard. These activities contributed in an efficient way to the reduction of the number of underground fires to a sa-tisfactory level.