A conceptual model of the Tianjin geothermal system based on isotopic studies

The isotopic technique is an effective measure to set up the conceptual model of a hydrothermal system. A deep circular geothermal system exists in Tianjin, including the semi-open and semi-closed karst geothermal subsystem in the bedrock and closed porous water subsystem in the clastic rocks. The geothermal water is originated from the ancient precipitation of 21-10 kaBP. Since Holocene epoch, the geothermal water is sealed for heating up. The mainly feeding channels are the karst conduits in weathered carbonate rocks of Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic.     

磁西煤系下岩溶热水水文地球化学特征及成因

根据水质分析结果,并结合岩溶地下水水质资料,分析了磁西煤田一号采区的深层岩溶热水水文地球化学特征、热储特征及其成因。结果表明,磁西煤田煤系下具有高TDS、高硬度、S04Cl-CaNa型水质特征的深层岩溶温热水是地下水沿断裂构造参与深部循环、长期演化的结果;地热异常属于热水型地热,热储温度可达60℃以上,循环深度在1500m以上,热源来自于燕山期岩浆侵入岩体产生的热异常与区域地温的叠加。本研究同时也为地热资源研究、煤田开发、矿井热害和矿井水防治提供有意义的参考。     

The source of replenishment of geothermal water around Xi'an

The meteoric origin of the geothermal water in Xi'an is evidenced by its H and O isotope composition. Based on the temperature dependence of isotopic composition, the temperature of meteoric water that replenishes the geothermal aquifers in Xi'an and its neighboring regions is calculated to be −13.28°C. The age of the geothermal water based on¹⁴C dating method is 10–30 kaBP, belonging to a secondary glacial period in Late Quaternary. The source of replenishment is considered to have mainly derived from glacial snow melt water from elevations higher than 2,000m (ASL) in Qinling Mountains.

     

山西断陷盆地榆次经纬厂一带地热水勘查及同位素地球化学特征

山西断陷盆地蕴藏着巨大的地热资源,榆次经纬厂-带位于该盆地中部.地热水资源非常丰富.应用CSAMT法进行探测显示新生代厚度约2500～2700m,钻探取样水化学分析矿化度极高,含盐度接近于海水.D、O同位紊分析表明比值接近雨水线,氚值很低,说明地热水补给源较远,交替更新的循环周期长,水流速迟缓,在含水层内储存时间较长,...     

Gas isotopes and geochemistry of hot springs in Hengjing,Jiangxi Province

With emphasis on gas isotopes and geochemistry as well as hydrogeochemistry, a field investigation has been carried out in Hengjing geothermal area, south Jiangxi Province of south-eastern China. The water chemistry of the geothermal waters indicates their local meteoric water origin, whereas their gas composition and carbon and helium isotopes reveal that some gases in the geothermal waters have mantle origin.

     

山东曹县城区地热资源研究

地热能是一种新的洁净能源,地热资源的有效利用是解决当今能源耗竭的重要途径和手段。文章通过对曹县城区孔隙、岩溶裂隙型含水热储层及复合热储层赋存的分析,估算了研究区内各热储温度、地热资源总量、可利用地热资源量和地下热水的热流量,评价分析了总能量热物理性参数及地热流体的质量。结果表明:新近纪明化镇地下热水可开采量为303.53万m3/a;奥陶纪热储层地下热水可开采量为176.95万m3/a,开采年限为100 a。最有利用价值的是复合性热储层,热储类型均为层状承压型。其地热资源条件良好,开采潜力较大,地热资源利用价值高,可做进一步的开发和利用。     

重庆南温泉背斜地下热水可持续开发研究

重庆南温泉背斜南温泉、小泉及桥口坝地下热水开发点为一个地下热水系统,过去由于缺乏对地下热水的可持续开发研究,各开发点盲目开采,使得有名的天然南温泉、小泉枯竭.目前开发商正在桥口坝开发地下热水,为了避免重蹈覆辙,及合理开发和保护地下热水资源环境可持续发展,必须进行地下热水可持续开发研究.在分析南温泉背斜地下热水系统物理模型的基础之上,建立相应的有限元模型,并采用实测水位与模拟水位对比进行模型校正,当模拟水位与实测水位相近时,所得的模型是符合客观实际的.采用此模型模拟不同可持续开发方案下,桥口坝地下热水的最大开采量,并对不同开发方案进行分析优选,得到最佳的可持续开发方案.     

Isotopic compositions of strontium in river water of Guizhou karst areas,China

We have carried out a study on the variation of strontium isotope composition of river waters, Wujiang and Yuangjiang River, in karst areas of Guizhou Province, China. The results obtained permit us to characterize the geochemistry of the river draining karst terrain and obtain a better understanding of main controls of catchment geology, chemical weathering of different rocks, and evaluate impact of human activities on the environment. The isotopic ratios of dissolved Sr in all rivers are between⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7077 and 0.7110, totally lower than the weighted average of⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7119 for the world large rivers. The Wujiang River waters have Sr concentrations from 1.0 to 6.1 μmol/L, while the Yuanjiang River waters have much lower Sr concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 1.3 μmol/L. Most of the river waters from the Wujiang river are characterized by low Ca/Sr and Mg/Sr, and⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, in which a majority of river waters are of⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios lower than the average Sr isotope ratio (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.709) of present seawater. The higher⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are observed in the river waters in the lower reach of the Wujiang River, where the lithology is dominated by detrital rocks and dolomite. The water from Yuanjiang River show higher Ca/Sr, Mg/Sr and⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios due to weathering of silicates, as compared to the river waters from Wujiang river.

     

Studies of geothermal waters in Jiangxi Province using isotope techniques

Isotope hydrogeological studies of thermal waters conducted in the Lushan hotspring area, northern Jiangxi Province, the Maanping hotspring area, central Jiangxi, and the Henjing hotspring area, southern Jiangxi Province show that the local meteoric water line of Jiangxi Province is similar to the Craig line. The δD and δ¹⁸O values of geothermal waters in the province are roughly in accord with the local meteoric line, which implies that the thermal waters are of meteoric origin. Variations of isotopic composition of natural waters in the study areas reveal that the recharge areas of the geothermal fields are the adjacent mountains. The ages of geothermal waters measured by different dating methods, such as Ra/Rn dating and tritium dating, range from several decades to several hundred years in the Province which suggests that the geothermal waters are undergoing active circulation. The³He/⁴He ratios of gases from the hotsprings in the Hengjing hotspring area show that the hotspring gases originate from the depth, and probably partly from the mantle source.

     

高风险岩溶隧道突水突泥灾害前兆规律与应用研究

隧道突水突泥会对工程建设带来巨大的安全隐患和经济损失,逐渐成为高风险岩溶隧道施工急需解决的关键科学技术难题。在系统收集整理大量岩溶隧道突水突泥实例的基础上,总结出包括地下水、岩组、地质结构面、岩层产状、沉积期古剥蚀面、地形地貌和降雨等7大主要地质影响因素,研究了岩溶水体和不良地质体在地球物理场上表现出的响应特征,即在地震波、电磁场的传播过程中,遇到该类介质时某种特殊的前兆信号信息,解译岩溶水体和不良地质体在地球物信息场上的响应特征,辨识导致灾变的前兆信息,并在实际隧道工程施工中得到了成功的应用,对建立突水突泥预测预报方法具有非常重要的理论价值和工程指导意义。     

富湾特大桥深水岩溶地基钻孔灌注桩施工技术探讨

西江富湾特大桥56号主墩基础为18根书2．50m大直径钻孔灌注桩,由于存在深水、基岩倾斜、岩溶等因素,导致了复杂的成孔工艺,采用“钢护筒跟进”方案结合超前钻、抛填粘土、片石、水泥等较成熟且有效的方法进行施工,根据处理溶洞漏浆、塌孔、卡锤和埋锤的经验,总结了深水岩溶桩基的施工技术．     

徐州市水文地质单元岩溶地下水循环系统分析

研究了徐州市岩溶地下水资源及补排关系，根据水均衡原理，分析了该区水地质单元岩溶地下水循环系统，揭示了该区岩溶地下水在不同的自然地理及地质条件下的循环规律，结果表明：徐州市水地质单元岩溶地下水循环系统是一个复杂的循环系统，整个系统既有畅流型，又有汇流型和散流型，自然地理，地层岩性及地质构造控制了徐州地区岩溶地下水的储存，运移特征与富水规律。     

Environmental Effects of Groundwater Development in Xuzhou City, China

1 Introduction Xuzhou City is located in the most northwestern portion of Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. At present, its urban area is 1 038 km2 and the population is up to 1 645 500. karst groundwater in the Ordovician and Cambrian Limestone aquifers is the main source of water supply. There are 527 wells in urban areas to develop karst groundwater, yielding up to 350 000 m3 per day. Landforms of urban and suburban areas con- sist of NE oriented chain-like hills and alluvial or pluvial b…     

地热水双级吸收式制冷系统的火用经济分析

针对我国丰顺地热电站大量地热尾水直接排弃的问题和当地居民对制冷负荷的需求,基于双级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环(TSARS)在低品位热能利用方面的优势,提出将双级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环应用于地热电站尾水余热的回收,形成地热梯级综合利用系统,以进一步提高地热水的利用率.采用火用经济学分析方法,通过对电站的实地调研,建立地热水TSARS火用经济模型,进而对地热水级联到TSARS的两种可能模式(串联和并联)进行对比分析.结果发现地热水以并联方式供入TSARS具有较好的火用经济性能,同时对设计工况下的地热水并联TSARS的各设备进行了火用经济分析评价,为后期实际工程做参考.     

太原东山岩溶水系统的数学仿真

运用系统科学的理论和方法对太原市东山岩溶水系统进行分析和研究，用数学仿真的方法建立了东山岩溶水系统的数学模型，并用复合形调优法对参数进行优选；同时，用此模型科学地进行了水资源评价，通过开采动态预测，为合理开发利用东山岩溶水资源提供了科学的依据。     

基于LonWorks现场总线技术的校园建筑智能化系统

为了提高楼宇的智能化水平,发挥LonWorks总线的多功能I/O与网络通讯功能应用更开放,扩展更容易等优点,设计了一种基于LonWorks现场总线的校园楼宇自控系统,该系统包括冷水机组子系统、空调子系统、给排水子系统、热水锅炉子系统、供配电子系统和智能照明子系统等.系统采用基于LonWorks技术的总线型拓扑结构,选用HONEYWELL公司最新的开放楼宇集成管理组件EBI作为系统管理软件,开发了供配电、智能照明以及冷水机组与EBI之间的接口,实现了数据信息的集中控制和综合管理.     

中国南方岩溶区岩溶地下河系统复杂水流运动特征

岩溶地下河系统水流运动多受控于岩溶多重介质环境,其主干空间展布、水体贮存、水流运动、水循环等规律的变化具多因多果性。在中国南方岩溶区岩溶地下河系统物质和能量转换的基础上,分析了其形成和演化等相关条件,研究和总结了其水流运动方向的多重性、速度的多变性、地表地下方式的转化性、时空配置的多样性及水流运动演变规律;根据维数、压力、流态等不同原则,将中国南方岩溶地下河系统水流运动方式进行分类。结合中国南方岩溶地下河系统研究现状,提出今后需加强与实践的重点。     

低温地热能液体除湿与热泵空调联合运行分析

为提高低温地热水资源夏季供冷能效,结合地热冬季用水源热泵,提出了地热能液体除湿、热泵供冷的联合运行空调系统。通过编制水—水热泵模拟程序,计算得出了热泵在制取高温冷冻水工况下的运行参数,同时对地热能液体除湿的可行性方案进行了分析,进而对整个系统能效及运行经济性做出了判定,指出地热能液体除湿与热泵空调联合系统将是目前低温地热供冷的最佳模式。     

Energy efficiency performance of multi-energy district heating and hot water supply system

A district heating and hot water supply system is presented which synthetically utilizes geothermal energy, solar thermal energy and natural gas thermal energy. The multi-energy utilization system has been set at the new campus of Tianjin Polytechnic University (TPU). A couple of deep geothermal wells which are 2 300 m in depth were dug. Deep geothermal energy cascade utilization is achieved by two stages of plate heat exchangers (PHE) and two stages of water source heat pumps (WSHP). Shallow geothermal energy is used in assistant heating by two ground coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) with 580 vertical ground wells which are 120 m in depth. Solar thermal energy collected by vacuum tube arrays (VTAs) and geothermal energy are complementarily utilized to make domestic hot water. Superfluous solar energy can be stored in shallow soil for the GCHP utilization. The system can use fossil fuel thermal energy by two natural gas boilers (NGB) to assist in heating and making hot water. The heating energy efficiency was measured in the winter of 2010-2011. The coefficients of performance (COP) under different heating conditions are discussed. The performance of hot water production is tested in a local typical winter day and the solar thermal energy utilization factor is presented. The rusults show that the average system COP is 5.75 or 4.96 under different working conditions, and the typical solar energy utilization factor is 0.324.     

龙门地热田温热水成因探讨

根据地面调查和勘探资料,作者系统地分析了龙门地热田的构造特点、温热水的分布及水化学特征,指出龙门地热田温热水的分布具有两个特点:一是在地热田的南部主要受F1断层的控制呈线状分布;二是在地热田的北部由于F41断层与F1断层相交和滑动构造(HF3)的共同作用,呈面状分布.温热水的形成是热源、构造、盖层以及热储层等因素最佳配套的产物.地热田的南部,沿F1断层带是寻找温热水的主要场所;北部、北西部,F1断层带、F41断层带、滑动构造(HF3)分布区均是温热水赋存的有利地段.