45钢稀土氮碳硼共渗层的摩擦学性能研究

采用AMSLER型磨损试验机，在油润滑条件下，对经稀土氮碳硼和氮碳硼共渗的45钢进行滑动磨损试验，研究了渗层的组织结构及硬度对45钢耐磨性的影响，并探讨了共渗层的磨损机制．结果表明，45钢稀土氮碳硼共渗处理后抗磨性能提高3～4倍，摩擦系数减小近2倍；共渗层硬而脆的特点使其在摩擦接触应力的作用下发生塑性变形破坏．     

钢的冲蚀磨损与机械性能的关系及其磨损机理的研究

本文研究了以棕刚玉及玻璃砂为磨粒的钢的冲蚀磨损与机械性能的关系及其磨损机制。结果表明在硬磨粒冲击下,钢的冲蚀磨损受断裂韧性影响较大。而当磨粒硬度接近或低于钢的硬度时,冲蚀磨损由钢的硬度所决定。在硬磨粒冲击下,除了常见的薄片、切削、犁沟等塑性变形机制外,韧性较低的钢会出现开裂机制而造成块状磨屑脱落。软磨粒要依靠多次冲击才能使材料以小片磨屑脱落,而且最大冲蚀率发生在90°冲击角。玻璃砂冲击时,在30°、90°会出现两个冲蚀磨损峰,这是由于玻璃砂在大角度冲击时溅射而产生二次磨损的结果。     

镍基自熔合金激光熔敷层的组织和干摩擦磨损特性

研究了几种不同成份的Ｎｉ基自熔合金激光熔敷层的组织和干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,熔敷层的耐磨性远高于淬火态ＧＣｒ１５钢,其中以Ｎｉ２１＋ＷＣ＋ＣｅＯ２合金敷层的耐磨性最好,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损的部分粘着磨损。     

边界润滑条件下钢/钢滑动磨损P—V磨损机制图研究

本文在销环式磨损试验机上采用阶梯加载方式,将润滑状态、摩擦系数、磨损表面形貌、表面膜等综合起来,研究了边界润滑钢/钢滑动磨损P—V磨损机制图,并论证了机制转化的原因。研究表明:新的P—V图中磨损机制由边界润滑轻微磨损转化为于摩擦严重磨损,经过渡区进入边界润滑轻微磨损而不是熔化磨损。氧化膜的形成是严重磨损向轻微磨损转化的主要原因;高速高载下保持轻微磨损是白层组织硬化的结果。     

热轧辊材料高温滑动磨损特征

本文利用自制的高温磨损装置,研究了高铬铸铁、中Ni—Cr冷硬铸铁、165CrNiMo及9Cr2钢热轧辊材料的高温滑动磨损特征。结果表明,摩擦面呈现犁沟或粘着特征,或同时具有犁沟和粘着;摩擦面亚表层显微组织磨损前后未发生变化,但165CrNiMo及9Cr2钢中产生了塑性变形。根据犁沟特征,高铬铸铁及中Ni-Cr冷硬铸铁中的共晶碳化物能提高高温磨粒磨损抗力。     

钢铜摩擦副表面粗糙度,硬度对摩擦磨损性能的影响

本文利用双圆盘滚子试验机,研究了钢铜摩擦副试件表面粗糙度、硬度对摩擦磨损性能的影响机理。通过形貌仪和显微镜的检测,分析了不同硬度条件下,表面粗糙度的作用效果。同时,还在扫描电镜上分析了硬度影响曲线的突变状态,提出了在现有生产加工条件下,减少钢铜摩擦副(主要指蜗杆传动副)磨擦,降低磨损的几个有效途径。     

冷扎Q235钢/激光熔覆合金钢摩擦磨损

通过对9SiCr钢表面进行合金激光熔覆处理,在摩擦磨损实验机上对熔覆合金钢与Q235钢配副进行了摩擦磨损性能实验.通过摩擦磨损实验研究了参数如载荷、滑动距离、滑动速度、润滑条件等对Q235钢与熔覆合金钢的磨损量的影响,熔覆合金钢与Q235钢的磨损量与压力和滑动速度成正比.Ni合金钢的耐磨性比Co合金钢要好.通过扫描电镜分析了熔覆合金磨损机理,熔覆合金钢磨损主要以磨粒为主,同时表面存在大量凹坑,而Q235钢以磨粒和塑性变形为主.     

45钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的试验分析

减少机械运动副的摩擦磨损是提高机械产品的机械效率和机械寿命主要途径。文章在梯姆肯摩擦磨损试验机上对45钢在机械油润滑下的摩擦磨损性能进行了试验研究,得到了其摩擦磨损性能与载荷、滑动速度、硬度及硬度差等之间的相互关系以及P*(极限载荷)与V*(极限滑动速度)之间的相互关系,为机械运动副的参数选择、结构设计及其制造提供了必要的理论依据。     

钢的制动磨损机理

在ＭＭ－１０００磨损试验机上,对３５ＣｒＭｏ钢与石棉和半金属摩擦材料组成的摩擦副进行了制动磨损试验,重点研究了钢的制动磨损机理,研究结果表明,钢的制动磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和粒着,因摩擦热的影响,制动后钢的摩擦表面出现热震开裂,表层组织过热甚至过烧,表面的粘着物由表向里扩散,钢在制动过程中还出现特有的浅层剥落,它是一个塑料性变形积累,裂纹裂成和扩展的过程。     

氧化钛含量对氧化铝基涂层磨损性能和机制的影响

研究了TiO2含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3基涂层的晶体结构组成相、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能和磨损机制的影响.选用重量百分比为0,13%,40%这3种TiO2含量参量,即纯A12O3,AI2O3-13%(wt)TiO2和AI2O3-40%(wt)TiO2陶瓷涂层.采用XRD分析涂层的晶体结构组成相,Vickers显微硬度计评价显微硬度.采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机,通过AISI52100钢球和A12O3陶瓷球2种材料本质差异甚大的对摩副,在干摩擦条件下评价涂层的摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫描电镜观察涂层磨损机制.结果表明,Al2O3基涂层的显微硬度随TiO2含量增加而降低;A12O3基涂层皆显示出抗磨性能随TiO2含量增加而降低,而与对摩副材质无关.涂层中含有TiO2无益于提高Al2O3基涂层的摩擦磨损性能.     

Comparison of Biotribology of Swine Compact Bone Against UHMWPE

A pin-on-disk tribometer was used, in a comparative test to observe the tribological behavior of the swine femoral bone against UHMWPE with dry friction, physiological water and human plasma lubrication. The wear mechanisms of swine bones and UHMWPE were investigated by SEM. The experimental results of these wear tests demonstrated that both the friction coefficient and wear rate of UHMWPE were the lowest when human plasma lubrication was used. The wear mechanism of the compact bone was mainly fatigue wear with dry friction, corrosive wear under physiological water lubrication and abrasive wear with human plasma lubrication. For UHMWPE, the wear mechanism was adhesive wear and plastic deformation with dry friction, serious ploughing and fatigue fracture wear under physiological water lubrication, fine ploughing and plastic deformation with human plasma lubrication. An analysis of nitrogen elements on the wear surface of UHMWPE indicated that the content of nitrogen in worn areas was 16 times higher than that in unworn areas, which proved that serum protein deposition occurred on worn areas.     

The Wear Process of PTFE Coatings Under Vacuum Conditions

The wear process of PTFE coatings sliding against GCrlS-bearing steel ball under vacuum conditions was investigated, and the hardness of the PTFE coatings on both sides of wear track was measured. The experimental results showed that the friction coefficient of the PTFE coatings increases with the increase of sliding distance under different sliding velocities. And the friction coefficient of the PTFE coatings increases with the increase of sliding distance under different sliding loads. The wear rate of PTFE coatings decreases with the increase of sliding distance. And the majority of the wear produced during the whole wear process of PTFE coatings sliding against GCr-15 steel ball comes from the early period of friction. The hardness of PTFE coatings on both sides of wear track increases as the distance increases and distributes symmetrically around the wear track. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was utilized to investigate the worn surface of PTFE coating, h was found that the worn surface of PTFE coating is characterized by sever plastic deformation and spalling of the PTFE coating. The edge of wear track is characterized by micro cracking.     

Tribological Properties of PVA-H Composites Reinforced by Nano-HA Particles

The friction and wear behaviors of tribological mechanical components were studied on a four-ball tester under dry conditions, and the wear mechanism was analyzed by observed worn surface using a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. It was found that the friction and wear properties were improved by the addition ofnano HA particles. The composite containing 1 wt% nano HA had the optimum friction coefficient. It is also found that the addition of nano HA increases the wear resistance of oure PVA-H and PVA-H composites.     

Mg_2Si/Al梯度复合材料的耐磨性

利用SEM、EDS等技术观察了变质前后的Mg2Si/Al梯度复合材料和HT200的磨损表面,对比研究了3种材料在不同载荷、不同磨损速率情况下与45钢对磨的干滑动磨损行为。结果表明:变质后的初生Mg2Si颗粒细小、圆整、分布更加均匀,能够起到更强的支撑作用,且不易破碎,很大程度上抑制了塑性变形的出现,抗黏着磨损能力有了明显的提高,说明变质后的复合材料具有更高的耐磨性。实验发现,由于HT200和45钢组成共轭摩擦副,磨损严重,加上复合材料增强颗粒的作用,使得复合材料的耐磨性远远高于HT200。Mg2Si/Al梯度复合材料的失效机制主要是黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

Tribological Properties of MoSi2 Against AISI10045 Steel Under Sliding Friction

MoSi2 samples were prepared by a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） and a hot-press technique. The sliding friction and wear properties of intermetallic MoSi2 against AISI10045 steel under dry friction and oil lubrication conditions were investigated with a MRH-5A type ring-on-block friction and wear tester. The elemental composition, microstructure and worn surface morphology of the MoSi2 material were observed and analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The synthetic parameter pv value reflecting friction work, was used to discuss the tribological properties of MoSi2 material. The results show that 1） oil lubrication can obviously improve the tribological properties of MoSi2, 2） the bigger the pv value, the greater the antifriction and the abrasive resistance of MoSi2 under oil lubrication, 3） with an increase in the pv value, the wear mechanism of MoSi2 material under dry sliding friction is the fatigue fracture and adhesive wear and 4） under oil lubrication the wear mechanism is mainly fatigue pitting.     

Dry wear behaviors of wear resistant composite coatings produced by laser cladding

Using different proportional mixtures of Ni-coated MoS2, TiC and pure Ni powders, new typical wear resistant and selflubricant coatings were formed on low carbon steel by laser cladding process. The microstructures and phase composition of the composite coatings were studied by SEM and XRD. The typical microstructure of the composite coating is composed of multisulfide phases including binary element sulfide and ternary element sulfide, γ-Ni, TiC and Mo2C. Wear tests were carried out using an FALEX-6 type pin-on-disc machine. The friction coefficient and mass loss of three kinds of MoS2/TiC/Ni laser clad coatings are lower than those of quenched 45 steel, and the worn surfaces of the laser cladding coatings are very smooth. Because of high hardness combined with low friction, the laser cladding composite coating with a mixture of 70% Ni-coated MoS2, 20%TiC and 10% pure Ni powder presents better wear behaviors than the composite coating with other powder blends. The composition analysis of the worn surface of GCr15 bearing steel shows that the transferred film from the laser cladding coating to the opposite surface of GCr15 bearing steel contains an amount of sulfide, which can change the micro-friction mechanism and lead to a reduced friction coefficient.     

聚四氟乙烯填充PA1010的摩擦磨损性能研究

以注塑成型法制备了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)填充PA1010复合材料,利用M-2000磨损试验机测试了该复合材料与GCr15轴承钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了试样磨损表面形貌.结果表明:PTFE填充PA1010可显著改善尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.w(PTFE)为25%时,复合材料的摩擦学综合性能最佳.复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损体积随施加载荷、滑动速度的增加分别呈现降低和增加的趋势.在200 N载荷下,复合材料磨损主要为磨粒磨损;在400 N载荷下,磨损表现为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损共同作用.在滑动速度为0.21 m/s时,材料摩擦表面因挤压发生塑性流变,其磨损机理为磨粒磨损;在滑动速度为0.84 m/s,复合材料因热疲劳和应力疲劳发生剥层,磨损机理转变为疲劳剥层磨损.     

Relationship among wear-resistance of three-body abrasion, substructure and property in martensite steels

The effects of subsurface hardness on wear-resistance of martensitic steel 20Cr, 40CrSi, 60Mn, T8 and T10 in three-body abrasion under static load was investigated. It shows that the characteristic of the subsurface hardness distribution and the abrasive wear resistance is related to the substructure near the worn surface. The substructure of the tested martensite steel has an apparent relationship with the carbon content and steels with moderate carbon content and hardness exhibit good resistance to abrasive wear. The competition of the work-hardening effect and the temper softening effect, which resulted from deformation and friction heat generating during abrasive wear is considered to be a main reason for the relation among wear-resistance, hardness and substructure. At the test conditions, the wear-resistance of 40CrSi is the best.     

超高分子量聚乙烯与钢的冲蚀磨损研究

用气流喷砂型冲蚀试验装置对超高分子量聚乙烯（Ｕｌｔｒａ Ｈｉｇｈ Ｍｏｌｅｕｌａｒ Ｗｅｉｇｈｔ Ｐｏｌｙｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ,ＵＨＭＷＰＥ）和４５＃钢的冲蚀磨损性能进行进行了比较,考察了冲蚀粒子（煤粉,二氧化硅）的入射角,冲蚀时间等对超高分子量聚乙烯和４５＃钢冲蚀磨损的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜对超高分子量聚乙烯和４５＃钢冲蚀磨损表面形貌的观察,并对超高分子量聚乙烯和４５＃钢冲蚀磨损机理进行了初步探讨。     

Microstructure and wear resistance of electro-thermal explosion sprayed stellite coating used for remanufacturing

Electro-thermal explosion directional spraying was used to prepare the stellite coating on substrate of the AISI 1045 steel. The morphologies of cross-section and worn scar, porosity, distribution of elements, microhardness and wear resistance of the coating were determined by means of SEM, EDAX, micro-hardness tester and sliding wear tester. Because of the compact construction, good bonding and high hardness, the coating is characterized by good wear resistance. The results show that the mainly failure mode of the stellite coating is microplowing.