活性炭基Cu⁃Cr吸附剂的制备及脱COS性能的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu?Cr改性活性炭吸附剂,以模拟焦炉气为原料,考察了不同过渡金属活性组分及其负载量、不同助剂及其负载量、焙烧温度对吸附剂脱除COS性能的影响,并采用XRD、BET、SEM等手段对Cu?Cr改性的吸附剂进行表征。结果表明,Cu和Cr共同改性的活性炭对焦炉煤气中COS的吸附性能最好。Cu?Cr改性活性炭吸附剂较佳制备条件为：Cu负载量为5.0%,Cr负载量为1.5%,焙烧温度为400 ℃。反应温度10 ℃的条件下,改性活性炭吸附剂的穿透硫容为1.47%,且该Cu?Cr改性活性炭吸附剂具有良好的再生利用性能。表征结果显示,CuO和 Cr₂O₃金属氧化物均匀负载于活性炭上,且失活后的吸附剂比表面积和孔容均减小。     

微波改性活性炭对甲苯吸附性能的实验研究

利用微波对活性炭进行改性,并测定了改性前后不同种类活性炭对甲苯的吸附性能、比表面积、碘吸附值以及表面酸碱官能团含量.结果表明,随着改性温度升高,碘吸附值逐渐提高,表面碱性官能团含量也相应增加.改性温度为850℃时活性炭吸附甲苯性能最高,650℃与450℃改性后活性炭吸附甲苯性的性能相差不大.扫描电镜分析显示微波改性使活性炭孔道更加通畅,有利于提高吸附甲苯的能力,但温度升高同样存在炭骨架收缩,孔道变窄的弊端.通过实验数据并结合扫描电镜结果分析,实验认为活性炭吸附甲苯包括物理吸附和化学吸附两种机理,低温改性时主要提高物理吸附性能,高温则主要提高化学吸附性能.     

磷酸活化活性炭纤维布的制备及吸附性

采用磷酸作为活化剂,以优选后的聚丙烯腈预氧化织物为原料制备活性炭纤维布,探讨磷酸质量分数、浸渍时间、活化温度及活化时间等工艺参数对活性炭纤维布吸附性能的影响.结果表明,最适的工艺条件为磷酸质量分数15%～20%、浸渍时间15～25h、活化温度650℃、活化时间30min.形貌表征显示所制备的活性炭纤维布表面产生了很多微孔,有利于吸附各种气体,同时在微孔的边缘,出现白色小颗粒,可能是活化剂磷酸在高温下形成的.     

Zn~(2+)交换磁性膨润土对水中刚果红的吸附

采用阳离子交换法对磁性膨润土进行改性,得到Zn~(2+)交换磁性膨润土复合材料,并将制得的吸附剂用于吸附溶液中的刚果红染料.具体研究了吸附时间、温度、pH值、浓度等因素对磁性材料吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,Zn~(2+)功能化的磁性膨润土复合材料具有制备方法简单,原料价格低廉等特点,该吸附剂对染料的脱色效率较高,回收方法简单,可取代活性炭等吸附剂用于废水中刚果红等染料的去除.     

膨润土改性及其在染料废水处理中的应用

通过高温焙烧法、硫酸酸化法和有机季铵盐法分别对膨润土进行改性,并利用改性土对活性翠蓝KN-G染料废水进行静态吸附实验,发现三种改性土对活性翠蓝的吸附均符合弗兰德利希型,并得到各自的吸附等温线、吸附公式以及三种改性方法的最佳条件,同时利用XRD和扫描电镜法对有机膨润土进行了结构分析.通过在各自最佳条件下的比较,得出结论三种改性土的吸附能力比原土均有不同程度提高,其中有机膨润土对染料废水的吸附效果最佳.     

膨润土改性及其在染料废水处理中的应用

通过高温焙烧法、硫酸酸化法和有机季铵盐法分别对膨润土进行改性,并利用改性土对活性翠蓝KN-G染料废水进行静态吸附实验,发现三种改性土对活性翠蓝的吸附均符合弗兰德利希型,并得到各自的吸附等温线、吸附公式以及三种改性方法的最佳条件,同时利用XRD和扫描电镜法对有机膨润土进行了结构分析。通过在各自最佳条件下的比较,得出结论:三种改性土的吸附能力比原土均有不同程度提高,其中有机膨润土对染料废水的吸附效果最佳。     

载铜活性炭低温脱硫及其制备影响因素研究

活性炭负载铜催化剂有较好的低温脱硫性能.本文针对钢铁企业烧结烟气低温特点,开展了椰壳活性炭炭基脱硫性能研究,得出反应温度越低物理吸附越有利,反应温度越高化学吸附越好,分析表明炭基脱硫机理为SO_2、O_2和H_2O被活性炭吸附成为吸附态,并在微孔条件下形成硫酸.以椰壳活性炭为载体负载活性组分Cu,开展了载铜催化剂脱硫反应温度、空速、O_2浓度、SO_2浓度和H_2O含量的影响因素研究,针对催化剂焙烧温度和负载量制备条件进行了探讨,获得催化剂脱硫各影响因素最佳参数及条件,研究载铜催化剂脱硫机理表明:SO_2先以吸附形态附着于Cu/AC,吸附态SO_2再被活性组分铜氧化成吸附态SO_3,SO_3与周边的Cu发生反应生成CuSO_4.研究成果可为烧结烟气低温脱硫及多污染物协同治理提供借鉴.     

壳聚糖改性膨润土对酸性红吸附性能的研究

探索壳聚糖与膨润土的质量比与反应介质酸度对制备壳聚糖改性膨润土的影响并以改性土为吸附剂探讨了改性土质量、吸附温度、吸附时间、介质的pH值及酸性红溶液质量浓度对酸性红吸附性能的影响．结果表明：制备的改性土随着壳聚糖质量的增加吸附量先增大后减小、随着反应介质的酸度增强,改性土的吸附能力增加;随着改性土质量的增加吸附量先增大后减小;随着反应温度上升改性土吸附能力先增大后减小;随着酸性红染料质量浓度的增加吸附能力增加;随着反应pH值的增大吸附能力先增大后减少．质量比为1：125,冰醋酸体积分数为1％为最佳制备条件,改性土质量为0．6g,温度温度为25℃,吸附时间为70min,介质pH为7左右时是最佳吸附条件．且其吸附行为满足Langmuir等温式．     

纳米TiO2/多孔矿物光催化剂与甲基橙染料的作用过程研究

以沸石、膨润土和坡缕石等多孔矿物为载体,制备了纳米TiO2/多孔矿物光催化剂.通过甲基橙染料评价材料的光催化性能,并分析光催化剂与有机污染物的作用过程.研究表明:纳米TiO2/多孔矿物光催化剂对甲基橙染料具有吸附和光催化的共同作用.负载TiO2后的光催化剂比表面积和吸附性能较原矿均有明显提高.当光催化剂与甲基橙溶液混合后,甲基橙染料分子被迅速吸附至催化剂颗粒表面;催化剂颗粒表面的部分甲基橙染料在光照作用下被其表面的TiO2所分解,同时部分甲基橙染料在不断搅拌过程中在颗粒表面发生脱附;持续光照,催化剂表面的染料分子不断发生分解.     

净化H_2S气体的CoSPc改性炭的性能研究

以工业4号活性炭为载体,制备了磺化酞菁钴(CoSPc)改性活性炭,考察了改性活性炭制备工艺条件对净化模拟电石炉尾气中H2S性能的影响;对空白活性炭、改性炭吸附前后进行N2-BET和SEM表征分析。结果表明,H2S的净化效果随NaOH溶液浓度的增加而增加;当NaOH溶液浓度一定时,NaOH/CoSPc的配比达到100μg/g、干燥温度130℃、焙烧温度350℃为改性活性炭的最佳制备条件。结合N2-BET、SEM和EDS表征分析表明:改性后的活性炭S容量增加,净化效果明显。     

透气防毒服用活性微球炭孔结构及其吸附性能

在实验室条件下研制了透气防毒服用石油沥青基球形活性炭（PSAC），采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其形貌进行了观察，通过BET测定对PSAC的孔结构进行了表征，同时以苯和四氯化碳为吸附质研究了PSAC静态吸附性能，并与普通粒状活性炭（GAC）进行对比，比较了PSAC和GAC的二次吸、脱附性能．实验结果表明，PSAC的孔径分布主要以微孔为主，PSAC的吸、脱附速度较快，再生性能优异，是一种高性能的炭质吸附材料．     

Preparation of Hierarchically Interconnected Porous Banana Peel Activated Carbon for Methylene Blue Adsorption

Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierarchically interconnected porous banana peel activated carbons(BPACs) via a green method involving hydrothermal pretreatment and KOH activation, and systematically tested its methylene blue(MB) adsorption capacity. SEM showed that the BPACs had an interconnected porous structure and high-porosity surface. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was 601.21 m~2/g, the adsorption average pore diameter was 2.11 nm, and the total pore volume was 0.32 cm~3/g. The MB adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, initial MB concentration, and pH value; it decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results for MB adsorption on BPACs were best described by the Langmuir adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. BPACs have a well-developed hierarchically interconnected porous structure, which increase the MB adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. Systematic MB adsorption tests show that BPAC is a highly efficient and easily available adsorbent.     

Ti改性活性炭分离CH_4/N_2的实验研究

针对甲烷气体(煤矿乏风瓦斯)的富集与分离,研究了活性炭吸附材料(AC)的Ti改性方法,讨论了对CH4/N2分离性能的影响.结果表明:Ti改性炭活性在1 100℃、N2保护焙烧后孔径分布更均一;CH4的吸附量达到34.4 mL/g,比未改性的活性炭和160℃水热方法 Ti改性的活性炭增加了51.5%;CH4常压穿透曲线的穿透点比未改性的活性炭和160℃水热方法 Ti改性的活性炭分别滞后了41%和50%.     

Influence of KOH activation techniques on pore structure and electrochemical property of carbon electrode materials

1 INTRODUCTIONSupercapacitor is a kind of newenergy storagedevice , which can fill the gap between the conven-tional capacitor and the battery[1 ,2]. Supercapa-ciors are nowutilizedin many fields ,such as spaceindustry ,national defense ,warindustry ,electricalvehicle , wireless communication, and consume e-lectronics .It is well known that the electrode ma-terial is the key factor to determine the perform-ance of supercapacitor . At present ,the activatedcarbonis the main marketed availa…     

花生壳活性炭的制备及其对染料废水的脱色性能研究

用废弃花生壳为原料制备活性炭,考察花生壳活性炭对酸性大红、活性艳红和直接耐晒翠蓝3种染料的处理效果.实验结果表明:活性炭对3种染料废水的处理效果明显,能够达到国家排放标准,4个单因素对3种废水的影响程度最大的为pH值,其次是投加量.对3种染料的吸附行为进行动力学拟合并进行动力学实验,结果表明:花生壳活性炭对3种染料废水的吸附行为遵循二级反应速率方程所描述的规律,相关系数R2分别为0.992、0.996、0.989.热力学实验结果表明:Langmuir吸附等温模型能很好地描述活性炭对3种染料废水的吸附过程.比表面积测定结果表明:实验制得的花生壳活性炭比表面积为646.13 m2/g,明显优于市售活性炭.花生壳活性炭作为一种易得、廉价、高效的吸附剂,在污水处理技术中,具有良好的应用前景.     

煅烧时间对多孔TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化材料的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成多孔TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂,对其进行XRD、SEM、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附等表征,考察煅烧时间对光催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,所制备的样品为锐钛矿相TiO2和非晶态Al2O3的复合氧化物,煅烧时间增加使TiO2晶体的粒径有微小增长;样品颗粒表面非常粗糙,具有比较大的比表面积,平均孔径在10～16nm之间;随着煅烧时间的增加,样品的光催化活性和吸附性能呈现先增大后下降的趋势;煅烧时间为3h时,样品的光催化活性和吸附性能最好.采用TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂经90 min光照后,甲基橙溶液的降解率达到77.0％,总脱色率可达95.1％.     

Characterization and methanol adsorption of walnut-shell activated carbon prepared by KOH activation

Walnut-shellactivated carbons(WSACs)were prepared by the KOH chemicalactivation.The effects of carbonization temperature,activation temperature,and ratio of KOH to chars on the pore development of WSACs were investigated.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were employed to characterize the microstructure and morphology of WSACs.Methanoladsorption performance onto the optimalWSAC and the coal-based AC were also investigated.The results show that the optimalpreparation conditions are a carbonization temperature of 700 ℃,an activation temperature of 700 ℃,and a mass ratio of 3.The BET surface area,the micropore volume,and the micropore volume percentage of the optimalWASC are 1636 m~2/g,0.641 cm~3/g and 81.97%,respectively.There are a lot of micropores and a certain amount of meso-and macropores.The characteristics of the amorphous state are identified.The results show that the optimalWSAC is favorable for methanoladsorption.The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the optimalWSAC is 248.02mg/g.It is shown that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the optimalWSAC is almost equivalent to that of the common activated carbon.Therefore the optimalWSAC could be a potentialadsorbent for the solar energy adsorption refrigeration cycle.     

Preparation of activated carbons from mesophase pitch and their electrochemical properties

The influences of molar ratio of KOH to C and activated temperature on the pore structure and electrochemical property of porous activated carbon from mesophase pitch activated by KOH were investigated. The surface areas and the pore structures of activated carbons were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were studied using two-electrode capacitors in organic electrolyte. The results indicate that the maximum surface area of 3 190 m2/g is obtained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 5:1, the maximum specific capacitance of 122 F/g is attained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 4:1, and 800 ℃ is the proper temperature to obtain the maximum surface area and capacitance.     

Experimental design technique on removal of hydrogen sulfide using CaO-eggshells dispersed onto palm kernel shell activated carbon: Experiment,optimization, equilibrium and kinetic studies

This study presents the use of chicken eggshells waste utilizing palm kernel shell based activated carbon(PKSAC) through the modification of their surface to enhance the adsorption capacity of H_2S. Response surface methodology technique was used to optimize the process conditions and they were found to be: 500 mg/L for H_2S initial concentration, 540 min for contact time and 1 g for adsorbent mass. The impacts of three arrangement factors(calcination temperature of impregnated activated carbon(IAC), the calcium solution concentration and contact time of calcination) on the H_2S removal efficiency and impregnated AC yield were investigated. Both responses IAC yield(IACY, %) and removal efficiency(RE, %) were maximized to optimize the IAC preparation conditions. The optimum preparation conditions for IACY and RE were found as follows: calcination temperature of IAC of 880 ℃, calcium solution concentration of 49.3% and calcination contact time of 57.6 min, which resulted in 35.8% of IACY and 98.2% RE. In addition, the equilibrium and kinetics of the process were investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, and BET. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 543.47 mg/g. The results recommended that the composite of PKSAC and Ca O could be a useful material for H_2S containing wastewater treatment.