步行能量采集器中磁致伸缩材料的机-磁耦合特性研究

针对步行能量采集器中磁致伸缩材料的机–磁耦合特性,提出了一种磁致伸缩材料机–磁耦合特性的研究方法,通过观察磁畴角度偏转的规律,研究应力和磁场载荷同时作用下的超磁致伸缩材料的机–磁耦合特性.发现外加磁场增加有利于磁畴的偏转和跃迁,而应力各向异性能不利于超磁致伸缩材料磁化的进行,使超磁致伸缩材料的磁化更加困难.依据以上结论选择最佳的外加磁场和应力的取值,并且计算磁致伸缩材料对外产生的磁化强度,该磁化强度具有更高的效率.     

用磁声法MAE检测钢结构构件应力的机理和应用

分析了磁声发射的产生与接收、磁声发射与磁致伸缩、磁声发射的应力检测机理，应力对磁声发射的影响，磁声发射的检测系统等几个方面．从这些方面说明了用磁声发射来实施应力检测是可行的．证明磁声发射的强度既受外磁场变化影响，又受应力变化影响，并且磁声发射的变化幅度与所受应力大小有一定的关系，据此可为磁声发射检测铁磁材料的应力状态提供依据．但由于磁声发射的强度和施加于构件上应力状态的关系比较复杂，所以结合磁声发射和巴克素森BN两种方法各自优点的应力检测更比看好．     

基于磁致伸缩效应的纵向导波产生与传播过程研究

针对铁磁性材料中磁致伸缩导波的产生机理,利用有限元软件创建了非线性力磁耦合磁致伸缩有限元模型,分析了非线性铁磁性在外加磁场作用下磁致伸缩力的产生,以及在该力作用下材料中质点的位移情况,实现了基于铁磁性材料非线性力磁耦合本构关系的磁致伸缩导波的产生及传播过程仿真研究.仿真结果表明,当铁磁性管道在由永磁体产生的偏置磁场及通过高频交流电流线圈所产生磁场的共同作用下,管道内质点将受到平行于磁场方向的磁致伸缩力的作用并产生高频振动形成磁致伸缩导波,通过对各质点位移情况分析可以清楚了解到导波的传播及接收过程,并通过实验验证了该仿真研究的可靠性.     

基于磁机械效应的铁磁材料漏磁检测数值模拟

为更准确地描述材料的非线性磁机械耦合效应，以非线性磁致伸缩应变方程、有效场理论和能量平衡方程等为基础提出新的磁弹性耦合模型与变刚度模型，分析了铁磁材料的磁机械效应和变刚度效应，并利用数值分析软件将非线性磁化模型的理论结果与仿真过程进行耦合。结果表明，仿真得到的缺陷泄漏场分布与已有研究结果一致，验证了所提出模型与仿真方法的可行性和准确性。分析了应力、缺陷尺寸和缺陷位置对表面磁场的影响，结果表明：在拉伸载荷作用下，试样表面法向磁场信号呈类S形曲线，切向信号呈类锥形曲线，其极值均随载荷增加先减小后增大；试样存在缺陷时，不同采集路径上获取的信号存在很大差异，缺陷边缘路径上的漏磁场峰值与缺陷长度呈负相关，而峰值距离和跨度却相反，在远离缺陷的采集路线上，漏磁场信号的峰值和跨度均与缺陷长度呈正相关。     

Mn位Cr掺杂对亚锰酸盐La0.7Ca0.3MnO3低场磁电阻影响

为了研究钙钛矿亚锰酸盐在较低磁场下的磁电阻效应,采用固相反应法制备了亚锰酸盐多晶样品La_(0. 7)Ca_(0. 3)Mn_(1-x)Cr_xO_3(x=0,0. 1),测量了两个样品在未加磁场和加0. 25 T磁场的电阻-温度曲线及磁电阻-温度曲线,分析了Mn位Cr掺杂对样品低场磁电阻效应的影响。实验结果表明,随着Cr掺杂量从x=0增加到x=0. 1,样品的金属-绝缘体转变温度逐渐向低温推移,磁电阻峰值温度由T_P≈220 K下降到T_P≈190 K。在0. 25 T磁场下,样品在液氮温区具有较明显的磁电阻效应。     

悬臂导电薄板磁弹性耦合作用下的磁阻尼分析

针对处于外加磁场作用下的悬臂导电薄板,基于导电介质所满足的电磁学及力学基本定律和方程,建立了描述其力-电-磁耦合作用下几何非线性振动问题的理论模型,并给出了等效阻尼系数的确定方法,定量模拟了面内恒定磁场给涡电流和挠度耦合程度以及磁阻尼强弱所带来的影响。仿真结果表明,随着面内恒定磁场的增加,几何非线性效应和由耦合作用引起的磁阻尼会增强,而等效阻尼系数随着周期或时间是衰减的,并随着面内恒定磁场的增加而增加,这为磁场环境中导电结构的振动控制研究提供了一定的科学依据。     

磁种絮凝-磁分离法处理含锌废水的研究

采用磁种絮凝-磁分离方法对模拟某锌盐制造企业的排放废水进行处理,研究了废水pH值对其Zn^2＋去除效果的影响、絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和磁种（Fe3O4）对氢氧化锌沉淀物沉降性能的影响以及外加磁场对磁种-氢氧化锌絮凝体沉降性能的影响。结果表明,有利于Zn^2＋沉淀的最佳废水pH值为9-12;PAM与磁种同时使用能改善Zn（OH）2的沉降性能;在外加磁场作用下,废水中的磁种-氢氧化锌絮凝体由于受到与重力方向一致的磁力,其沉降速度加快,污泥压缩得更快、更实,上清液中锌的质量浓度降至0.83 mg/L;磁性矾花絮凝体经硫酸溶液或氢氧化钠溶液浸泡后,过滤得到的磁种可循环使用,滤液中的锌可回收利用。     

MA制备GdSiGeDy合金系室温磁制冷性能研究

机械合金化(MA)是一种材料固态非平衡加工新技术.本文主要探讨稀土元素Dy在机械合金化工艺条件下对磁制冷合金GdSiGe磁熵变的影响,发现用机械合金化制备的GdSiGeDy合金系室温磁制冷材料不仅有光滑的磁熵变曲线,而且研究表明,由于元素Dy的加入在磁熵变达到单质Gd的两倍情况下大量减少使用昂贵元素Ge的结果,具有明显经济效益.     

侧向半导体反铁磁/非磁超晶格的色散性质

应用等效介质理论,研究由反铁磁半导体和绝缘非磁物质构成的侧向半无限反铁磁/非磁超晶格的色散性质,以及外加磁场和涡流对色散曲线的影响.     

零温下在布里渊区边界二维绝缘铁磁体的磁振子软化

在二维正方绝缘铁磁系统基础上建立一个磁振子-声子相互作用模型．利用格林函数方法研究磁振子-声子相互作用下的二维绝缘铁磁体的磁振子谱，计算布里渊区边界的主要对称点线上的磁振子色散曲线．发现在布里渊区边界区域磁振子谱的软化和磁振子谱线增宽最明显．比较纵向声子与横向声子对磁振子谱的软化与磁振子谱线增宽的影响，并讨论各项参数的变化对磁振子谱的软化与磁振子谱线增宽的影响．     

基于小波变换的金属材料声发射特性研究

以Q235-B碳钢和0Cr18Ni9不锈钢为研究对象,分别对其在塑性变形和裂纹扩展时产生的声发射信号进行检测,运用小波变换分析检测信号来研究材料的声发射特性。结果表明,碳钢产生声发射信号经db5小波6级分解后,d5级信号占的能量比例最大,其峰值对应频率基本在166-176kHz内,裂纹扩展时这一级信号所占能量比例较塑性变形时高;不锈钢产生声发射信号经同样变换后,d6级信号占的能量比例最大,其峰值对应频率基本在88-112kHz内,裂纹扩展时这一级信号所占能量比例较塑性变形时高。     

Thermal Shock Resistances of FeMnCr/Cr_3C_2 Coatings Deposited by Arc Spraying

Arc spraying with the cored wires was applied to deposit FeMnCr/Cr3C2 coatings on low carbon steel substrates, namely FM1, FM2 and FM3. Thermal shock resistances of the coatings were investigated to assess the influence of Cr3C2 content on thermal shock resistance. Characteristics of the coatings under thermal cycling test were studied by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersion spectrum (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results show that ...     

高速钢激光相变硬化层的韧性试验研究

本文采用声发射法，对Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ高速钢的激光相变硬化层进行了韧性测定，分析了激光相变强化工艺对高速钢韧性的影响。结果表明，激光强化能显著提高Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢的韧性。     

Influence of stress on the stray field signals of ferromagnetic materials

To investigate the influence of stress alone on the stray field signals of ferromagnetic materials, the static tensile tests of 0.45%C steel and 45CrNiMoVA steel fiat-shaped specimens were performed on an MTSSI0 hydraulic testing machine. Hp(y) signals,the normal component of spontaneous stray field, were measured during the testing process by an EMS-2003 metal magnetic mem-ory diagnostic apparatus cooperated with a non-magnetic electric control displacement instrument. Fracture and microstructure were observed by a scanning electronic microscope and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. The relationships between axial applied stress or residual stress measured by X-ray diffraction method and Hp(y) were analyzed. The results indicate that some regu-lar pattern of the magnetic curve is displayed only between applied stress and stray field signals. The magnetic ordering process stops due to dislocation pinning magnetic domain structure, and Hp(y) value unvaried nearly with applied load increasing in the plastic de-formation stage.     

含不同缺陷的金属材料声发射特性

根据声发射测试原理,利用信号峰值电压与材料形变过程中释放能量的关系建立了裂纹开裂的声发射参数与应力关系的数学模型,提出了声发射总计数和声发射计数率的一般表达式,研制了声发射装置,并在拉伸试验条件下对具有不同缺陷的ZG25试件进行了声发射检测。实验结果表明:无缺陷的ZG25材料与有气孔、疏松、夹渣和微裂纹缺陷的该材料具有不同的声发射AE事件特征,这对金属材料声发射无损检测具有实际意义。     

Cr12钢制针模具强韧化处理

根据失效分析,认为Cr12钢制针模具早期破损的原因是组织中的块状共晶碳化物和带状碳化物偏析;采用强韧化工艺,可改善碳化物的形状、大小和分布,得到卵形共晶碳化物和细小弥散的二次碳化物,减少裂纹产生的可能。试验表明:经强韧化处理,Cr12钢的断裂韧性值比常规淬火的高,模具寿命可提高一倍以上。三点弯曲结合声发射检测可提供钢在断裂过程的动态信息。经强韧化处理的Cr12钢在断裂前,裂纹产生及扩展形成较强的声发射源,在振铃计数率-挠度曲线上呈现幅度较高的不连续峰值。     

Magnetic field properties caused by stress concentration

Measurements of the effects of tensile stress on magnetic field properties, infrared thermography and acoustic emission of a cuboid sample with an elliptical hole in its center were presented. The tensile stress was applied perpendicularly to the sample by electro-tension machine according to a step-loading curve. The changes of the sample temperature was recorded by an infrared thermography system and the noise of domain reversal was inspected by two acoustic probes, which were placed on each end of the sample near the collets of the electro-tension machine,when the sample was in loading process. The magnetic fields on the surface of the sample were inspected with 8 mm lift-off when the loads were held. Valuable information about the changes of domains was obtained from analysis of acoustic emission signals in loading process. Infrared images of the sample provided complementary information about the state of the sample. The results show that stress concentration in ferromagnetic material affects the direction and structure of domain and generates net magnetic moment on its surface. The distribution and magnitude of the net magnetic moment are correlative with those of stress.     

Effect of optimal aging treatment on magnetic performance and mechanical properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets

The magnetic performance and mechanical properties including hardness, brittleness, fracture toughness and strength characteristics of the as-sintered and the optimal aged Nd-Fe-B magnets were examined in this work. A new method of Vickers hardness indentation combined with acoustic emission was used to test the brittleness of the magnets.The results show that the magnetic properties of the magnets could be improved through aging treatment, especially the intrinsic coercive force. But it is accompanied by a decrease of strength and fracture toughness. Theoretical calculation confirms that acoustic emission energy accumulated count value could be used to characterize the material brittleness. The bending fracture morphologies of the as-sintered and the optimal aged Nd Fe B magnets were investigated with the emphasis on the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure using a field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM). The research results indicate that the intergranular fracture is the primary fracture mechanism for both as-sintered and optimal aged Nd Fe B magnets. Aging treatment changes the morphology and distribution of the Nd-rich phases, reducing the sliding resistance between Nd_2Fe_(14)B main crystal grains and lowers the grain boundary strength, which is the main reason for the strength and fracture toughness decrease of the aged Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

A novel rock bolting system exploiting steel particles

The effectiveness of rock bolting in ground control has been extensively investigated, mainly for resin based systems. Alternative coupling materials are needed to have good mechanical performance and to reduce the economic impact. This study proposed a new bolting system exploiting steel particles as coupling material. The applicability of this system was assessed by laboratory and field pullout tests, assisted by digital imaging correlation (DIC), infrared thermography (IRT) and acoustic emission (AE). The results indicated that, for a 20 mm diameter bolt, the suitable steel particle size and corresponding inner diameter of borehole were 1.4 and 28 mm, respectively. For bolts installed in steel tubes, the particles improved the loading capacity compared to the resin bonded ones. Additional pullout tests on cement blocks indicated that steel particles can be effective for hard rock, whilst resin was a better choice for bolting of soft rock. Similar understanding was obtained by pullout tests in engineering fields, which demonstrated that the steel particles coupled bolts can provide favorable effects in hard rock mass, while the effects were negligible when installed in extremely soft coal mass. The wide set of multi-technique measurements helped to understand the mechanisms involved in the performance of the bolting system with coupling steel particles.