对称型梯度功能陶瓷材料的抗热震参数

采用摄动法推导出第三类边界条件下无限大对称型梯度功能材料(functionally gradient materials，FGM)平板的瞬态温度场及瞬态热应力场表达式。基于陶瓷材料的临界应力断裂判据，通过求解无限大对称型梯度功能陶瓷平板表面达到其局部断裂强度的时间，建立了引起其表面临界热应力的临界温差△Tc的表达式，并以此作为对称型梯度功能陶瓷的抗热震参数。通过计算实例并与均质陶瓷材料对比，分析了材料的热—物理性能分布规律对其抗热震性的影响。对高抗热震性复合陶瓷材料的研究开发具有实际意义。     

陶瓷圆柱体的抗热震参数

通过求解第三类边界条件下无限长圆柱体的瞬态温度场及瞬态热应力场，研究了陶瓷圆柱体的抗热冲击行为，建立了引起无限长陶瓷圆柱体表面临界热应力的临界温差表达式，并以此作为陶瓷圆柱体的抗热震参数。计算结果表明，无限长陶瓷圆柱体的临界温差大于具有相同Biot模数的无限大陶瓷平板的临界温差，但其表面达到临界热应力的时间小于无限大平板的数值。     

陶瓷涂层三明治板的抗热震性

采用解析法研究了第3类边界条件下双面陶瓷涂层三明治板的瞬态温度场及瞬态热应力场.对不同Biot模数的热冲击过程中,Al2O3涂层/硬质合金(WC-8%Co,质量分数)基体/Al2O3涂层三明治板的瞬态热应力进行了数值计算.分析了涂层/基体厚度比、涂层与基体热-物理性能匹配对陶瓷涂层三明治板表面热应力峰值的影响.结果表明:陶瓷涂层三明治板的基体的热导率、线膨胀系数和弹性模量应高于涂层,这样可以降低其表面热应力,获得高抗热震性陶瓷涂层三明治板.此外,涂层厚度应尽可能小,以利于改善涂层的抗热震性.     

Al2O3/TiC纳米陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能及断裂机理研究

用强度衰减法对Al2O3/TiC纳米陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能进行了详细的研究.热震实验表明该种材料的临界热震温差为340℃.当温差达到350℃时,强度有明显的下降.与微米级的材料相比,纳米材料的抗热震性能反而有所降低.通过对热震后试样表面的显微观察和表面热应力的估算发现,材料在烧结后冷却过程和热震过程中产生的热应力导致试样表面产生裂纹,从而导致了材料强度的下降.     

Al2O3+ZrO2层状复合陶瓷的表面抗裂纹行为及抗热震性能

用压痕一强度法获得了Al2O3 Zr02单层和层状陶瓷的表面抗裂纹曲线,用压痕法测试了2种材料的抗热震性能,分析了材料的表面抗裂纹行为、抗热震性与断裂形貌,强韧化之间的相关性。实验结果毒明：Al2O3 ZrO2层状陶瓷对表面裂纹表现出不敏感性,临界热震温差为400℃,高出单层陶瓷150℃左右。进一步分析表明：2种陶瓷的表面抗裂纹及抗热震性能与材料的强韧化机制密切相关。表面压应力作用强化了相变增韧效果,改善了材料的表面抗裂纹性能和抗热震稳定性等力学性能。     

对称型梯度功能陶瓷材料抗热震性的研究

通过水淬实验并结合热冲击过程瞬态热应力场的计算，研究了Al2O3/W(W,Ti）C系列对型梯度功能陶瓷材料的抗热震性能。结果表明，采用合理的梯度组成分布规律可提高陶瓷材料的抗热震性。     

压痕法研究ZrO2层状复合陶瓷的抗热震性

用压痕法测试了单层和层状两种ZrO2陶瓷材料的抗热震性能.研究结果表明ZrO2层状复合陶瓷的临界热震温差△Tc=400℃,比ZrO2单层陶瓷高出150℃左右,同时还表现出其△Tc与陶瓷厚度无关的优异性质.现场试验结果也证明,ZrO2层状复合陶瓷抵抗1500℃冷热骤变的能力优于ZrO2单层陶瓷.研究认为,界面压应力作用部分或全部抵消了热冲击应力,使裂纹在界面处发生偏转,提高了材料的断裂能和断裂功,导致材料的抗热震性提高.     

ZrB_2基超高温陶瓷材料抗热震性能及热震失效机制研究进展

ZrB_2基超高温陶瓷具有高熔点、较高的强度、高热导率等优点,是一种性能优异的高温结构材料,成为高超声速飞行器关键热部件的首选候选材料。介绍了ZrB_2的基本性能,以及ZrB_2基超高温陶瓷材料的抗热震性能及改进情况,讨论了表面热交换系数梯度对材料热震行为的影响,对超高温陶瓷材料的热震行为和热震失效机制有了新的认识,为材料在实际服役条件下的性能预测提供参考,并为材料抗热震性能的提高提供了新的研究思路。     

SiC晶须补强ZTM陶瓷复合材料的抗热震性研究

本文研究了SiC晶须〔SiC_((w))〕加入对氧化锆增韧莫来石(ZTM)陶瓷抗热震性影响。实验结果表明:加入SiC_((w))使ZTM材料的抗热震性有明显改善;临界温差△T。从300℃提高到650℃。其主要原因为:材料力学性能提高及晶须对热震裂纹钉扎、架桥作用。     

CeO2对氧化铝基陶瓷的烧结性、力学性能和抗热震性的影响

通过适当工艺制备出了添加不同含量CeO2(0～2wt%)的氧化铝基陶瓷,研究了CeO2对氧化铝基陶瓷的烧结性、力学性能和抗热震性的影响.实验结果表明:CeO2添加剂可以改善氧化铝基陶瓷的显微结构,有利于材料的致密化,提高力学性能和抗热震性.但不同含量的CeO2对其性能有不同的影响.当CeO2的含量为1.5wt%时,氧化铝基陶瓷的致密度最大,抗弯强度和断裂韧性最高;而当CeO2的含量为1wt%时,抗热震性最佳.抗热震性的提高主要归因于增韧作用,同时气孔率也有影响.     

Thermal shock resistance behavior of auxetic ceramic honeycombs with a central crack or an edge crack

In this paper, the thermal shock resistance of an auxetic ceramic honeycomb plate is studied based on the fracture mechanics concept for the cases of a central crack or an edge crack. The transient temperature field and transient thermal stress field are obtained for both auxetic and non-auxetic structures. The relationship between the thermal stress intensity factor (TSIF) and the internal cell angle, crack length and time is determined and the critical temperature for the initiation of crack propagation is predicted. Results show that compared with the non-auxetic ceramic honeycombs which are at an internal cell angle of 30°, the critical temperature of the auxetic ceramic honeycombs whose cell are orientated at an angle of −30° increases by 78.5% and the TSIF at the crack tip decreases by 40%, respectively. Hence, the auxetic structures have better thermal shock resistance. This study indicates that auxetic ceramic honeycombs have significant potential applications in harsh temperature environments.     

Thermal Fracture Resistance of Ceramic Coatings Applied to Metal: I, Elastic Deformation

A study was made of the resistance to thermal fracture of four ceramic coatings of the cobalt-bearing ground-coat type applied to enameling-grade iron specimens. The study was made of coated-metal systems in the unsteady state, symmetrically cooled, and in the absence of viscous or plastic flow. Determinations were made of the elastic characteristics of the coating-metal composites, the effective coefficient of linear expansion, the temperature at which the coating and base metal were at dimensional equilibrium, and the temperature differential sufficient to induce coating fracture when water quenched. Coating-metal thickness ratios were correlated with the maximum specimen temperature withstood in water quenching without coating fracture. Studies indicated that ceramic coatings, after receiving a given thermal treatment, fracture when subjected to a thermal shock by a critical temperature differential. When no residual coating stress is present, thermal shock resistance is inversely related to the thermal expansion characteristics of the coating. The critical stress at which coating fracture occurs may be expressed as the sum of thermal and residual stresses developed in annealed systems in which viscous or plastic flow does not occur. Residual compressive stress in a coating is a major factor in improved thermal shock resistance. Increased thermal shock resistance is gained by decreased coating thickness.     

蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体的抗热震性研究进展

本文针对高风温燃烧技术和煤矿乏风瓦斯氧化技术的蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体,系统地综述了影响蓄热体抗热震性的因素,数值模拟分析了蓄热体在热冲击下的温度场和热应力场的分布特点,总结了蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体热震损伤机理等的研究进展情况,并提出今后的研究及发展方向。     

Thermal shock resistance of porous ceramic foams with temperature-dependent material properties

The impact of temperature dependence of material properties on thermal shock resistance of porous ceramic foams is studied in this paper. Two cases of thermal shock are carried out: sudden heating and sudden cooling. Finite difference method and weight function method are employed to get the thermal stress field at crack tip. The effects of time dependence and temperature dependence of material properties on thermal shock behavior are analyzed. The thermal shock resistance is acquired based on two different criteria: fracture mechanics criterion and stress criterion. By comparison analysis, results show that taking temperature dependence of the material properties into account is crucial in the assessment of thermal shock resistance of ceramic foams. Cold shock fracture experiments of Al₂O₃ foams with different relative densities are also made, and the obtained results are in coincidence with theoretical results very well.     

Temperature and Stress Distributions in a Hollow Cylinder of Functionally Graded Material: The Case of Temperature-Independent Material Properties

We have presented a numerical technique for analyzing one-dimensional transient temperature distributions in a circular hollow cylinder that was composed of functionally graded ceramic–metal-based materials, without considering the temperature-dependent material properties. The functionally graded material (FGM) cylinder was assumed to be initially in a steady state of gradient temperature; the ceramic inner surface was exposed to high temperature, and the metallic outer surface, which was associated with its in-service performance, was exposed to low temperature. Then, the FGM cylinder was cooled rapidly on the ceramic surface of the cylinder, using a cold medium. The transient temperature and related thermal stresses in the FGM cylinder were analyzed numerically for a model of the mullite–molybdenum FGM system. The technique for analyzing the temperature distribution is quite simple and widely applicable for various boundary conditions of FGMs, in comparison with methods that have been proposed recently by other researchers.     

Functionally Graded Materials Under Severe Thermal Environments

Thermal shock strengths of a plate of a functionally graded material (FGM) are analyzed when the plate is suddenly exposed to an environmental medium of different temperature. A finite element/mode superposition method is proposed to solve the time-dependent temperature field. The admissible temperature jump that the material can sustain is studied using the stress-based and fracture mechanics-based criteria. The critical parameters governing the level of the transient thermal stress in the medium are identified. The strength of FGMs under transient thermal stresses is analyzed using both maximum local tensile stress and maximum stress intensity factor criteria.     

Comparative evaluation of two different methods for thermal shock resistance of laminated ZrB2-SiCw/BN ceramics

The thermal shock resistance (TSR) of laminated ZrB₂–SiC_w/BN ceramic was evaluated through indentation-quench and quenching-strengthening methods. It was correspondingly compared to monolithic ZrB₂–SiC_w ceramic. In the indentation-quench method with consideration to crack propagation on the surface layer, the critical thermal shock temperature of laminated ZrB₂–SiC_w/BN ceramic with surface residual tensile stress was 550?°C, which was lower than monolithic ZrB₂–SiC_w ceramic (600?°C). Unlike the microscopic method of crack growth measurement through indentation-quench testing, the quenching-strengthening method, which was based on the macroscopic properties of the material, mainly characterizing the residual strength subsequently to thermal shock, the critical thermal shock temperatures of the laminates and monolithic were 609?°C and 452?°C, respectively. Compared to the brittle fracture of ZrB₂–SiC_w ceramics, the deflection, bifurcation and delamination of the cracks as the main TSR mechanisms of the laminated ceramics, were revealed through quenching-strengthening method, which was more suitable for the TSR characterization of laminated ceramics.     

The Role of Thermal Shock on Tool Life of Selected Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials

The introduction of Si₃N₄- and Al₂O₃-based tools has greatly increased the speed of metal removal and the productivity of metal-cutting operations. High-speed machining elevates the temperature at the tool/workpiece interface and subjects the tool to considerably higher stress, resulting from increased mechanical forces and thermal gradients. Under these circumstances, the thermal shock resistance of tool materials would be expected to play a more important role in determining the tool life and should be more prominently considered in both material design and applications. It was of interest to devise a series of controlled thermal shock machining tests and to assess the modes of ceramic cutting-tool wear. The resistance of ceramic cutting-tool materials to wear or fracture under these conditions is discussed in terms of thermal shock parameters.