共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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针对尿素醇解合成碳酸丙烯酯工艺,系统考察了锌盐催化体系的催化反应性能。结果显示,锌盐均表现出良好的催化活性,其中高氯酸锌的催化效果最好;高氯酸根离子强的吸电性可能是高氯酸锌催化效果好的主要原因。以高氯酸锌为催化剂,考察了不同的反应时间、催化剂用量和反应温度对合成中各反应的影响。当n(1,2-丙二醇)∶n(尿素)=4∶1、反应时间3 h、催化剂质量分数1.5%、反应温度170℃时,碳酸丙烯酯的收率可以达到94.2%。催化剂的稳定性较好,具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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通过尿素沉淀法制备了以锌基为主要活性组分的不同的复合型氧化物催化剂,考察了尿素与1,2-丙二醇(PG)合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)反应的催化性能。用XRD,SEM,BET,CO2-TPD对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的强碱性位数量可能是影响催化活性的关键因素,在此基础上推出碱催化机理:较强的碱强度有利于降低中间产物羟丙基氨基甲酸酯(HPC)转化为PC的活化能。在反应温度170℃,反应时间1 h,PG/尿素摩尔比1.5,0.6 g催化剂(占尿素质量的2%),反应压力3.99×104Pa的条件下,PC收率高达99.8%。n(锌)∶n(镁)=1∶4,催化剂经过5次再生,PC收率降低了2.2%。 相似文献
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通过尿素沉淀法制备了以锌基为主要活性组分的不同的复合型氧化物催化剂,考察了尿素与1,2-丙二醇(PG)合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)反应的催化性能。用XRD,SEM,BET,CO2-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的强碱性位数量可能是影响催化活性的关键因素, 在此基础上推出碱催化机理:较强的碱强度有利于降低中间产物羟丙基氨基甲酸酯(HPC)转化为PC的活化能。在反应温度170℃,反应时间1h, PG/尿素摩尔比1.5, 0.6g催化剂(尿素质量的2%),反应压力300mmHg的条件下, PC收率高达99.8%.锌/镁1:4催化剂经过五次再生,PC收率降低了2.2%。 相似文献
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以固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-WO3为催化剂,通过丁酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮.探讨了SO2-4
/TiO2-WO3对缩酮反应的催化活性,研究了酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对产品收率的影响.实验表明,在n(丁酮)
n(1,2-丙二醇)=1 1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.7%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0
h的优化条件下,丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达85.7%. 相似文献
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负载型碳酸钾催化剂上二氧化碳与1,2-丙二醇合成碳酸丙烯酯反应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在负载型碳酸钾催化剂上对二氧化碳与1,2-丙二醇(PG)合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)反应进行了研究.结果表明,负载型碳酸钾催化剂的最佳制备条件为:活性炭为载体,碳酸钾负载量为15%(wt),焙烧温度423.15 K.在反应温度443.15 K、催化剂用量为2.0%(wt)、溶剂(乙腈)/PG/二氧化碳(摩尔比)为19.2:3:4、二氧化碳初始压力为2.0 MPa、反应时间12 h的条件下,PG的转化率为12.9%,PC的收率为9.6%,选择性为74.4%.对活性炭负载碳酸钾催化剂进行了XRD分析,发现存在K2CO3和K2O两种晶相.BET分析结果表明,载体的比表面积对负载型碳酸钾催化剂的催化活性有较大影响.与均相碳酸钾催化剂相比,负载型碳酸钾催化剂上PC的选择性提高了40.3%. 相似文献
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采用浸渍法制备了Cu掺杂的镁铝水滑石类化合物Cu/HT,经过400 ℃ 焙烧得到Cu掺杂的镁铝复合金属氧化物Cu/ Mg-Al LDO,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、N2吸附-脱附等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征。研究了其对尿素与1,2-丙二醇合成碳酸丙烯酯的催化性能。考察了Cu掺杂量、镁铝比、不同催化剂载体等催化剂制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,同时考察了催化剂的再生性能。结果表明,当Cu掺杂量为1%、镁铝比摩尔为3∶1时的Cu/Mg-Al LDO(3)对尿素与1,2-丙二醇合成碳酸丙烯酯具有比较好的催化活性,在170 ℃ 、1,2-丙二醇与尿素的摩尔比为4∶1、催化剂用量为原料总质量的1%、反应3 h时,碳酸丙烯酯的收率达到96.1%,且催化剂经4次再生重复使用,催化活性稳定。 相似文献
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Hualiang An Xinqiang Zhao Zhiguang Jia Changcheng Wu Yanji Wang 《Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China》2009,3(2):215-218
To facilitate the recovery of Pb/SiO2 catalyst, magnetic Pb/Fe3O4/SiO2 samples were prepared separately by emulsification, sol-gel and incipient impregnation methods. The catalyst samples were
characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption, and their catalytic activity was investigated in the reaction for synthesizing propylene carbonate
from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol. When the gelatin was applied in the preparation of Fe3O4 at 60°C and the pH value was controlled at 4 in the preparation of Fe3O4/SiO2, the Pb/Fe3O4/SiO2 sample shows good catalytic activity and magnetism. Under the reaction conditions of a reaction temperature of 180°C, reaction
time of 2 h, catalyst percentage of 1.7 wt-% and a molar ratio of urea to PG of 1:4, the yield of propylene carbonate attained
was 87.7%. 相似文献
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A series of Zn–Ca–Al oxides with different CaO and ZnO contents have been prepared and evaluated in the synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC) from 1,2-propylene glycol(PG) and urea in a batch reactor. The effect of catalyst composition, basicity and reaction process parameters such as temperature, catalyst dose, molar ratio of PG to urea, purge gas flow and reaction time has been studied to find suitable reaction conditions for the PC synthesis. The PC selectivity and yield under the desired conditions could reach 98.4% and 90.8%, respectively. The best performing catalyst also exhibited a good reusability without appreciable loss in the PC selectivity and yield after five consecutive reaction runs. In addition, a stepwise reaction pathway involving a 2-hydroxypropyl carbamate intermediate was proposed for the urea alcoholysis to PC in the presence of Zn–Ca–Al catalysts, according to the time dependences of reaction intermediates and products. 相似文献
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以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用超声浸渍法制备了MnO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,结合X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和CO2程序升温脱附的表征,考察了催化剂对尿素与1,2-丙二醇合成碳酸丙烯酯反应的影响。结果表明,以Mn(NO3)2为锰源经焙烧后形成的MnO2表面碱性最强,对尿素醇解反应的活性最高;采用超声浸渍法,当Mn在γ-Al2O3上的负载量(质量分数,下同)为30%时,Mn在γ-Al2O3表面主要以Mn4+的形式存在,且分散度高,催化剂表面的碱中心的碱性最强。当其催化尿素醇解时,碳酸丙烯酯收率达65.0%。 相似文献
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The dissolution process of metal oxide catalysts in the alcoholysis of urea by 1, 2-propylene glycol (PG) to the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) was investigated. It was found that the reaction was mainly catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts. The metal oxide reacted with ammonia and isocyanate acid, the decomposition products of urea, to form a complex and dissolved into the reaction system. The dissolved amount of catalyst was positively correlated with the PC yield by using different oxides and salts as catalysts. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) result of the catalysts reacting with urea showed that the dissolution-precipitation process of the catalysts was related to the decomposition of urea. The results of catalytic test indicated that both the dissolved amount of catalysts and the structure of the complex affected PC yields. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on the results. From the mechanism, a complex catalyst with at least two ammonia ligands is better for this reaction. 相似文献
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以L-丙氨酸为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以SiO2为载体的固载化离子液体催化剂(IL-Ala/SiO2)。用红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)、13C NMR、1H NMR、XRD和TEM等测试技术进行了表征,考察了催化剂在碳酸丙烯酯(PC)水解反应中的催化性能。结果表明,该催化剂在常压下能有效催化碳酸丙烯酯水解生成1,2-丙二醇(PG)。在催化剂含量为9%(质量分数)、温度140℃、反应时间3.5 h的条件下,PC的转化率大于99%,PG的选择性大于99%。经简单分离后催化剂可重复使用5次而活性变化不大。 相似文献
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以香兰素和1,2-丙二醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸铜为催化剂,苯为带水剂,合成了香兰素1,2-丙二醇缩醛。考察了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明:对甲苯磺酸铜具有良好的催化活性,且可重复使用3次。最佳工艺条件为:香兰素15.2 g(0.1 mol),n(香兰素):n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.60,对甲苯磺酸铜0.9 g,苯25 mL,反应时间2.5 h条件下,产品收率达到87%以上。 相似文献