纳米复合外墙乳胶漆的研制

在传外墙乳胶漆的基础上，加入纳米TiO2和SiO2等粒子，并采取表面改性和超声波分散的方法，使纳米粒子在涂料体系中得到有效分散，从而提高涂料的综合性能。着重讨论了纳米粒子的分散性及其用量，以及纳米粒子表面改性剂对涂料性能的影响。     

SiO2纳米涂料的分散性研究进展

在制备纳米复合材料时，解决纳米颗粒的分散问题已经成为纳米科投的重要内容。对SiO2纳米粒子在涂料中存在的团聚问题，本文综述了利用机械力分散、对纳水粒子表面改性、改变制备工艺等方法提高SiO2纳米涂料的分散稳定性的途径。     

PP粉粒径对纳米粒子分散性能影响的研究

利用凝胶渗透色谱仪对不同粒径聚丙烯(PP)粉的相对分子质量及其分布和平均表面积进行测试,通过透射电子显微镜对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子在不同粒径PP粉中的分散性能进行了表征,并讨论了PP粉的粒径大小对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子分散性能的影响。结果表明,PP粉粒径大小对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子在基体中的分散性能有显著影响,聚合物黏度对纳米SiO2粒子的分散性能并无太大影响。     

光固化纳米二氧化硅/环氧丙烯酸酯杂化涂料的制备与表征

通过在纳米SiO2粒子表面锚固热引发剂,然后在活性稀释单体中对纳米SiO2进行原位接枝聚合改性.将改性纳米SiO2和活性稀释单体的混合物直接与其他原料共混,制备了光固化纳米SiO2/环氧丙烯酸酯(EA)杂化涂料.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)和涂膜性能试验等对杂化涂料的结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明,聚合物链段通过化学键接枝到了纳米SiO2粒子表面;改性后的纳米SiO2在杂化膜中分散良好;在引入改性纳米SiO2后,涂膜的耐热性、抗冲击性、硬度、附着力等性能得到显著改善.     

PP粉的粒径对纳米粒子分散性能影响研究

利用凝胶渗透色谱仪对不同粒径PP粉的相对分子质量及其分布和平均表面积进行测试,通过透射电子显微镜对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子在不同粒径PP粉中的分散性能进行了表征,并讨论了PP粉的粒径大小对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子分散性能的影响。结果表明,PP粉粒径大小对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子在基体中的分散性能有显著影响,聚合物黏度对纳米SiO2粒子的分散性能并无太大影响。     

纳米SiO_2表面接枝聚合改性及在PP中的分散

纳米SiO2粒子经硅烷偶联剂表面处理后,采用乳液聚合方法在纳米SiO2粒子表面接枝苯乙烯单体,实现了纳米SiO2表面的高分子包覆改性,制备了具有核壳结构的聚苯乙烯接枝SiO2复合纳米粒子.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜对纳米SiO2粒子的表面结构及其在聚丙烯(PP)中的分散状况进行了表征.结果表明,接枝改性后纳米SiO2粒子能够在PP基体中均匀分散,明显改善了PP复合材料的力学性能.     

纳米SiO_2杂化粒子的制备及其性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）与纳米SiO2表面Si—OH基团进行反应,制备了表面含—NCO基团的功能化纳米SiO2粒子,进一步用丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）对剩余—NCO基进行封端,制备出纳米SiO2/丙烯酸酯粒子,并用红外光谱（FI-IR）、热失重（TGA）、扫描电镜（SEM）等对改性前、后纳米SiO2的分散性进行表征。结果表明,IPDI和HEA均成功地以化学键形式接枝到纳米SiO2表面,接枝率为46.80%;改性纳米SiO2的分散性显著提高,团聚现象明显改善;将不同含量纳米SiO2杂化材料加入紫外光固化涂料中,同比加入未改性纳米SiO2的涂料,改性后的纳米SiO2在使涂料获得较低黏度和较快CC转化率的同时,可以显著地提高固化膜的硬度。     

SiO2纳米粒子改性填充PC的力学与流变性能

采用SiO2纳米粒子填充改性聚碳酸酯(PC),为使无机纳米粒子在基体PC中分散均匀,经硅烷偶联剂KH-550对SiO2纳米粒子进行表面处理,分析了改性SiO2纳米粒子对复合材料机械与加工性能的影响,并对复合材料进行了分析表征,探讨了无机刚性纳米粒子填充改性典型工程塑料PC的特点并探索其增强增韧的机理,研究了复合物的粘流变性能. 结果表明,改性SiO2纳米粒为球形,在PC基体中分散均匀,湿法改性制备的PC/SiO2纳米粒子复合材料的力学拉伸性能和流变性能最好.     

PMMA/SiO_2纳米复合膜表面性能的研究

采用有机硅处理剂对纳米SiO2进行化学修饰,得到表面官能团化的纳米SiO2,然后再通过溶液聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅(PMMA/SiO2)纳米复合膜.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、水接触角仪(WCA)对其进行表征.结果表明,经有机硅处理剂官能团化的纳米SiO2能很好地分散于PMMA基体中,SiO2有富集到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面的趋势,加入纳米SiO2降低了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面自由能,提高了膜表面的水接触角.经四氢呋喃溶剂刻蚀后,膜表面的水接触角显著提高,得到憎水型PMMA/SiO2纳米复合膜.     

LLDPE／纳米SiO2复合材料的制备与性能研究

利用超声波分散，偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行了表面改性，用共混法制备了LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料，系统研究了该种新型复合材料的静态，动态力学性能和红外吸收性能，并与球磨机分散，偶联剂表面处理的纳米SiO2制备的LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料进行了对比。结果表明，纳米SiO2对LLDPE具有一定的增强，增韧作用；复合材料的贮能模量和损耗模量随SiO2含量的增加而增大，阻尼在-15-30℃范围内逐渐降低；复合材料的红外吸收能力较LLDPE明显提高，不同的分散，表面处理方法对纳米SiO2在基体中的分散性能影响不同。仅填加3份纳米SiO2时，常规分散，表面处理方法比基体树脂的红外吸收性能提高了42.5%。超声波分散，偶联剂表面处理方法比基体树脂提高了106.7%。     

新型乳胶漆用疏水剂的研制

本以有机硅和石蜡为主要原料，制备了一种乳液型乳胶漆用疏水剂。评价了疏水剂的稳定性及其他性能指标，讨论了其对涂料性能的影响。结果表明，将该疏水剂作为一种功能性组分加入到乳胶漆体系中，能够大大地提高乳胶漆的耐沾污性、耐洗刷性和耐候性：     

纳米SiO2的分散性对水泥胶砂强度的影响

采用手工搅拌、机械搅拌以及超声波作用对纳米SiO2进行分散处理,通过纳米粒度Zeta电位仪测定纳米SiO2胶体粒径及粒径分布,研究了纳米SiO2的分散性及其对水泥胶砂强度和毛细吸水的影响.研究结果表明,比较三种分散效果,超声波作用最好,机械搅拌次之,手工搅拌最差;增加超声波作用时间,纳米SiO2胶体平均粒径降低,分散性提高,超声波作用超过10 min,纳米SiO2胶体小颗粒增多,但粒径分布曲线整体向大颗粒方向偏移,分散性提高不明显;水泥胶砂强度和毛细吸水性与纳米SiO2的分散性有关,随纳米SiO2分散性的提高,水泥胶砂强度增大,毛细吸水系数降低,胶砂试件的密实度提高.     

Evaluation of Mesua ferrea L. seed oil modified polyurethane paints

Two types of stoving paints have been prepared from Mesua ferrea L. seed oil (MFLSO) modified poly(urethane ester) (PUE) binder systems. One stoving paint system was prepared from partially butylated melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin modified MFLSO-based PUE (70:30 weight ratio) and other one comprised of bisphenol-A-based epoxy resin modified with MFLSO-based PUE (50:50 weight ratio). Paints made with these two resin systems as binders were evaluated against the standard paint system. The physical properties of the paint systems viz. non-volatile content, specific gravity, viscosity, drying time, flexibility, adhesion, scratch hardness, gloss, etc. and chemical properties such as corrosion resistance, salt spray resistance, UV resistance, etc. were measured as per the standard methods and were compared. Thermal stability and surface morphology of the paints were also studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The performance characteristics of both the test paints were found to be comparable with the corresponding industrial standard paints. Out of the two test paints, the epoxy modified PUE-based stoving paint has been found to be preferred.     

纳米二氧化硅在外墙涂料中的改性研究

在传统的建筑用外墙涂料中加入纳米SiO2得到纳米涂料,比较了加入纳米SiO2前、后涂料涂膜的性能.结果表明,涂料中纳米SiO2的最佳用量为0.3～1.0 g,在此用量内,所得纳米涂料的稳定性,流平性均有所提高;涂膜的耐洗刷性为原来的2倍,耐碱性从原来的48 h无异常增强为7 d无异常,耐老化时间从之前的500 h延长至1 000 h.     

Development of heat-resistant anticorrosion urethane siloxane paints

Three two-layer heat-resistant and anticorrosion paints have been formulated from urethane siloxane binder and traditional anticorrosion pigments such as micaceous iron oxide (MIO), zinc phosphate (ZP), and aluminum oxide. These pigments were used as the dominant components of different undercoats or topcoats. Heat-resistant pigments such as silicon nitride and glass-spheres were used in the composition of the topcoats. Thermogravimetric analysis of paints shows that the paint with ZP as dominant component of the undercoat have the highest heat-resistance and stability in inert gas and oxygen. The paint with a combination of MIO and ZP has the best hardness as well as the best protective and anticorrosion properties based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A maximum synergic effect of the properties of pigments seems to appear in this paint. Surface morphology of paints was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Heated at different temperatures and for several hours, paint containing MIO as the dominant component in the undercoat exhibits the best mechanical and adhesion properties.     

Evaluation of two new white silicone thermal control paints under atomic oxygen

The exterior optical surfaces of satellites are directly exposed to the harsh space environment. Thermal control paints are resistant to the conditions encountered at low earth orbit (LEO): vacuum, atomic oxygen, thermal cycling, and ultraviolet radiation. In this paper two white paints were prepared by ultrasonic dispersing method for application to space structures. The white paints include zinc-oxide-pigmented silicone elastomer SilGel 612 (U1) and a zinc-oxide-pigmented silicone elastomer RT604 (U2). These coatings are electrically non-conductive. We present the behavior of thermal control paints under atomic oxygen (AO). The effects of AO exposure were studied by the mass loss of paint specimens and complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also the optical degradation in the reflectance spectra, solar absorptance and thermal emittance for U1 and U2 samples before and after AO exposure were investigated. The paints have promising AO resistance properties that could be suitable for space applications.     

透明超疏水SiO2/硅酮胶复合涂层的制备及性能

以疏水纳米SiO_2和中性硅酮结构胶为主要原料,采用喷涂法在玻璃表面制备出透明超疏水SiO_2/硅酮胶复合涂层。采用FTIR、SEM、接触角测量仪和紫外-可见分光光度计对复合涂层的分子结构、微观形貌、润湿性和透光率进行表征。讨论了纳米SiO_2的添加量与涂层表面微结构、水接触角、透明性三者的关系,考察了复合涂层的耐水冲击性能和耐水稳定性能。结果表明:SiO_2/硅酮胶复合涂层表面呈连续的多孔网络状,团聚的SiO_2纳米粒子分散在作为骨架的亚微米级硅酮胶周围,构成了微纳米双尺度的复合粗糙结构。当SiO_2质量分数为2.0%时,复合涂层的水接触角达到最大为169.8°±0.7°,在380～760nm可见光范围内的平均透光率为82.9%;当硅酮胶质量分数为4%时,复合涂层分别经5 h水冲击以及10 d水浸泡后,水接触角仍保持在140°以上。     

纳米SiO2改性硅树脂天线罩涂层性能测试

随着现代导弹技术的快速发展,石英陶瓷天线罩得到广泛应用,但因其自身的易吸潮、耐污差等缺点,性能优异的天线罩防潮涂料的研制显得至关重要。本文通过对现有硅树脂进行改性制备了纳米SiO_2改性硅树脂涂层,并进行了相关性能测试分析。测试表明。改性后的硅树脂涂层吸水率明显下降,电性能优异,比现有纯硅树脂涂料硬度更高,耐热性更好。     

Coatings applied on damp building substrates: performance and influence on moisture transport

Dampness is a common condition in old buildings and, accordingly, many paint systems specific for this type of building allow for application on walls with nonnegligible moisture content. In spite of that, performance evaluation of these paints is normally carried out using dry substrates or even on free paint films. This article presents research performed on 16 commercial paint systems: seven silicate, three silicone, three hydro-pliolite and two lime-based systems, as well as one common vinyl emulsion paint that served as reference. Each paint was applied and cured both on dry and on damp mortar substrates. The test specimens were subjected to water vapor permeability tests and evaporative drying tests. The following conclusions could be drawn: (i) the way paint systems influence the drying of the substrate, to which they were applied and where they cured, may vary significantly depending on the moisture content of that substrate; (ii) vapor permeability, measured with specimens applied and cured on dry substrate, may be an acceptable way of predicting a paint’s influence on drying, provided that the paints are applied and cured on dry substrate or that their characteristics are not significantly affected by the moisture content of that substrate.     

Progress of fluoropolymers on coating applications: Development of mineral spirit soluble polymer and aqueous dispersion

Fluoro-olefine vinyl ether copolymer (FEVE) has been well known as highly durable polymer for paints industry. FEVE has been widely used for ambient temperature curable solvent-borne paints. In this report, recent developments of FEVE copolymer are reported for mild-solvent paint system and water-borne paint system. Firstly, mineral spirit soluble FEVE copolymers are mentioned for both 1-component and crosslinkable 2-component mild-solvent paint systems. Secondly, FEVE aqueous dispersion polymers are mentioned for non-crosslinkable 1-component latex paint system, crosslinkable 2-component emulsion paint system with isocyanate as containing high OH value and for 1-component crosslinkable emulsion paint system containing carboxyl functionality reactive with hydrazide.