焦炉烟道气煤调湿技术研发及推广应用

介绍了焦炉烟道气煤调湿技术在我国的应用现状,重点介绍了采用焦炉烟道气为热源煤调湿技术的工艺流程及设备,这些技术均充分利用了焦化厂的废热资源,具有工艺过程简单、投资少、设备操作灵活、占地面积小、运行费用低、节能环保效益明显等优点。     

煤调湿工艺及其经济效益分析

介绍了煤调湿技术的工艺过程，分析了应用汽化上升管装置，回收焦炉自身余热，进行煤调湿的经济效益与节能效果。     

关于炼焦工业中的煤调湿技术小议

煤调湿技术不但可以增加焦炉生产能力和焦炭产品质量,还可以减少炼焦时所需的能源,从而起到节能环保的作用。本文对煤调湿这种技术进行了系统的简介,并阐述了煤调湿技术的几种主要工艺,以及每种工艺的优点和缺点,最后又分析了煤调湿技术在炼焦工业中的应用效果。以期该技术能够在今后的发展中得到大力的推广。     

焦炉烟道废气-流化床式煤调湿技术的应用

利用焦炉烟道废气为热源及动力源,在流化床设备内对捣固焦炉配合煤进行预处理。生产应用表明,流化床煤调湿技术对配合煤调湿及分级作用明显,调湿后配煤水分降低2.2%,减少回炉煤气用量1474×104m3,CO2减排8750t,减少焦化废水处理量2万t,焦炉生产能力提高5%,排空废气粉尘含量〈50mg/m3。     

焦炉烟道气余热为热源的煤调湿技术应用

针对云煤能源公司下属焦化公司生产中因配煤水分高而造成的煤饼剥蚀量大、易坍塌、捣固成型困难等问题,进行了煤调湿工艺开发,以焦炉烟道气余热为热源或动力源,开发的"焦炉烟道废气-流化床"和"焦炉烟道废气-滚筒干燥机"煤调湿技术,可以控制配煤水分在10%左右,并且在节能、降耗、减排方面效益显著。     

全沸腾振动推进式煤调湿及分级工艺

<正>本发明涉及一种全沸腾振动推进式煤调湿及分级工艺,该工艺以焦炉烟道气为热源,采用煤调湿分级机作为煤料的流化、调湿设备,根据振动流化床原理及在二次风的作用下,实现煤调湿与煤分级一体化;所述的煤调湿分级机包括一次进风段、二次进风段、振动分布板,一次进风段位于振动分布板下部,振动分布板上部     

热流化床煤调湿技术在柳钢的应用

介绍了热流化床煤调湿技术的原理、核心设备特点及工艺流程。针对柳钢焦化厂炼焦煤入炉水分偏高的问题,以焦炉烟道气余热为热源,采用了热流化床煤调湿技术。该技术在柳钢焦化厂的实际应用表明,调湿后的原料煤水分可稳定在6.5%左右,较调湿前降低约4%;单炉可提高产量约7.5%;蒸氨用气量、加热煤气量、废水排放量均大为减少,取得了良好的节能减排效果。     

煤调湿技术开发及在焦化厂的应用

中国是世界第一焦炭生产大国,但我国焦化厂炼焦用煤普遍存在含水量偏高(10%左右)的问题。采用煤调湿技术,将焦化厂入炉煤稳定在5%~6%,可降低炼焦耗热量,提高焦炉生产能力,改善焦炭质量,延长焦炉寿命。介绍了煤调湿技术进展及在日本和我国应用的情况,指出煤调湿是我国焦化工业今后重点开发和推广的技术之一。     

焦炉装炉煤调湿及其效益

介绍装炉煤调湿技术的优点及近十年来日本普遍开展焦炉装炉煤调湿技术的试验和生产实践。利用荒煤气及烟道废气或干熄焦发电机背压蒸汽做热载体与湿煤进行热交换，使装炉煤达到预期的含水量。     

炼焦煤风选调湿新工艺

介绍了采用流化床技术,利用焦炉烟道气为热源,将煤调湿和风动选择粉碎技术有机地结合于一体的炼焦煤风选调湿工艺的流程及特点。结合国内外现状及试验结果,围绕现有焦炉的炼焦生产,说明风选调湿技术在备煤工艺中采用是可行的,技术是可靠的。该工艺是提高焦炭质量、综合利用煤炭资源、节能降耗、增加企业经济效益的有效措施之一。     

静止非牛顿流体中气泡生成过程的传质

气泡生成过程中气液传质是气液接触设备的设计、优化的重要参考指标。以二氧化碳气泡在羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)溶液中生成过程中的传质为研究对象,分别考察了气速、CMC溶液浓度、针头直径对气泡生成过程气液传质的影响,采用具有CCD显微相机的动态接触角分析仪测量了气泡形状、表面积和体积的变化,进而获得气泡生成过程气液传质系数k_l。实验结果表明,CMC浓度从0.2%增加到0.8%,黏度逐渐增大,传质系数随CMC浓度的增大而增大;针头直径从2.5 mm增加到4 mm,传质系数也随之增大;气速从1 ml·min^-1增加到9 ml·min^-1,传质系数也逐渐增大。     

Bubble and gas holdup characteristics in a bubble column of CMC solution

The local bubble behavior such as holdup, bubble frequency, bubble size and rising velocity in a bubble column of CMC solution was measured using the eleclroresislivity probe technique, and the effects of gas velocity and CMC concentration on the behavior were investigated. Also, the total gas holdup was measured from the liquid level in the column, and its relation with gas velocity and CMC concentration was studied. Two correlations of mean bubble size and total gas holdup with dimensionless groups, composed of gas velocity and physical properties of gas and liquid, were obtained from the experimental results.     

Coalescence Characteristics of Side-by-Side Growing Bubbles in Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solutions

New experimental data are presented on the coalescence dynamics of twin bubbles at two adjacent nozzles in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions. The coalescence process was recorded by using a fast video technique and the images were then analyzed to evaluate the regime, efficiency, and patterns of bubble coalescence. The results reveal that the coalescence process contains the four periods of spherical expansion, rapid mergence, overall growth, and instant departure. The coalescence efficiency always passes through five stages with the gas flow rate; it grows with the CMC solution concentration, but decreases with the surfactant concentration, except at very low gas flow rates. The bubble coalescence pattern strongly depends on the nozzle spacing, but conditionally on the gas flow rate and the solution properties.     

Screening of Surfactant Foaming Properties Using the Gas-Sparging Method: Design of an Optimal Protocol

Foaming properties of five model surfactants, namely, sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), polyoxyethylene 23 lauryl ether (Brij L23), polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), have been compared as a function of experimental conditions using the gas-sparging method. The influence of surfactant concentration relative to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and three process parameters—frit porosity, gas flow rate, and preset volume of foam (or bubbling time)—was studied by means of a 2^4–1 factorial design. Three foaming properties were considered: foam capacity, foam stability, and maximal foam density. At the CMC, SLES, SDS, Tween 20, and Brij L23 were indistinguishable, all having very high foaming capacity and stability, regardless of process conditions. At 0.1 CMC, differences among them were highlighted especially at the lowest frit porosity coupled to the highest gas flow rate. Those conditions are thus recommended when a rapid screening of surfactant foaming performances is needed.     

拟塑性非牛顿流体中在线气泡聚并规律

以拟塑性羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液作为非牛顿流体,对在线上升气泡的聚并规律进行了研究。利用光电信号采集系统测定了不同高度的气泡聚并分布规律,分析了气体速度及流体性质等因素对聚并规律的影响。结果表明,在测量高度和实验气速范围内,随着高度升高,在高气速下,气泡聚并率减小,在低气速下,则先增大后减小。2种情况下,达到一定高度后均趋于恒定;在一定高度下,达到一定气速后,气泡聚并率变化较小;中低气速下,聚并率随CMC质量分数增大而减小,而在高气速下,CMC质量分数变化对聚并率影响较小。     

以蒸汽和焦炉煤气燃烧后废气为热源的煤调湿技术

以处理量400t／h煤调湿为例,对比了蒸汽热源和焦炉煤气燃烧后废气热源2种煤调湿技术的技术可行性、出口废气露点、能源利用效率和操作安全性,结果表明,以焦炉煤气燃烧后废气或掺入一定比例甲醇驰放气的焦炉煤气燃烧后废气为热源的煤调湿技术是可行的。     

鼓泡反应器中幂律型流体流动与传质特性

很多废水处理装置涉及非牛顿型流体中的多相流动和传质问题,研究其中的气液传质过程有助于实现装置的优化设计和高效节能运行。以鼓泡反应器内清水和不同质量分数的羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）水溶液为实验对象,分别研究气相表观气速和液相流变特性对气泡尺寸分布、全局气含率和体积氧传质系数的影响。实验结果表明,液相的流变特性对其传质特性参数均有较大影响。与清水相比,CMC水溶液中气泡平均直径和分布范围更大;清水和CMC水溶液的全局气含率均随表观气速的增加而增大;CMC水溶液的体积氧传质系数随CMC水溶液质量分数的增加而减小。基于实验研究,得出修正的体积氧传质系数公式和适用于幂律型非牛顿流体流动体系氧传递过程的无量纲关联式,可很好地实现非牛顿流体流动的废水处理装置中气液传质参数的计算。     

Synthesis of long-chain alkanesulfonates by photosulfochlorination using sulfuryl chloride

To develop a new method for the manufacture of anionic surfactants such as alkanesulfonates, which are completely biodegradable, we used linear aliphatic hydrocarbons C₁₂ and C₁₄ as raw material. These hydrocarbons were transformed into the corresponding sulfochlorides in quantitative vield by photosulfochlorination with sulfuryl chloride. The operating conditions led to reaction mixtures containing all the position isomers of sulfochlorinated and chlorinated alkanes. These compounds have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The isomeric distribution of different reaction products, as well as the molar ratio of the main product, the alkanesulfochlorides, vs. the by-products, the alkanechlorides, were determined by the gas chromatogrpahy method. The particular isomeric distribution observed during these reactions was different from that of classic chain reactions, as highlighted by the values of calculated relative reactivities. After separation, purification, and alkaline hydrolysis steps, the resulting dodecane and tetradecanesulfonates showed good surface activity. Indeed, the values of the surface tensions at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) compare well with those in the literature. CMC values of these mixtures are given, and the influence of isomeric distribution on CMC values and on the surface tension values at the CMC is presented.     

表面活性剂对气体水合物生成过程的定量影响

为确定HCFC?141b水合物生成条件下阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的临界胶束浓度(CMC),在0~20℃温度下,通过圆环法实验研究了不同浓度表面活性剂溶液体系的表面张力,考察了表面活性剂对溶液体系表面张力的影响机理并通过C3H8水合物的生成过程实验进行了验证,确定了SDS和SDBS的临界胶束浓度. 结果表明,当SDS和SDBS的质量浓度分别低于500?10?6和100?10?6时,表面活性剂降低水表面张力的效果最明显,二者的CMC分别为1950?10?6和400?10?6,表面活性剂能明显缩短水合反应的诱导时间,提高了其平均生成速率.