抗氧剂二硬酯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成新工艺

本文以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十八醇为原料,在实验室合成了二硬酯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考查了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明,整个工艺过程可分为两步:合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时,最佳的工艺条件为:亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.05∶1,催化剂的用量为季戊四醇量的3%,反应温度为130℃,时间为2.5h;在二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成时,十八醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2.05∶1,反应温度为160℃,时间3h。合成的产品中无酚无三废产生,产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

双亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂626的合成研究

以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为原料,合成了双(2,4一二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。采用正交试验考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明,整个工艺过程适宜的工艺条件为:2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、亚磷酸三乙酯和季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.04∶2.20∶1.00,催化剂有机锡的用量为反应物总量的2.0%,反应温度在140~150℃范围内,反应时间为7小时。     

3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸-1-膦-2,6,7-三氧双环-[2,2,2]辛基-4-甲酯的合成新工艺

以 3 - (3 ,5 -二叔丁基 - 4-羟基苯基 )丙酸甲酯 (简称 3 ,5 -甲酯 )、亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇为原料 ,二丁基氧化锡为催化剂合成了标题化合物。考查了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间及物料配比等因素的影响 ,实验结果表明 :以 0 .1 mol季戊四醇为准 ,第一步和第二步反应温度分别为 1 1 0～ 1 2 0°C和 1 40°C,催化剂用量为 0 .6 g,反应时间为 5 h,n(季戊四醇 )∶n(亚磷酸三乙酯 )∶n(3 ,5 -甲酯 ) =1∶ 1∶ 1 .1 0 ,在此条件下 ,收率在 95 %以上。通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、核磁氢谱对产品进行组成结构表征     

抗氧剂二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成新工艺

本文以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十八醇为原料，在实验室合成了二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考查了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响．实验结果表明，整个工艺过程可分为两步：合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时，最佳的工艺条件为：亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2．05：1，催化剂的用量为季戊四醇量的3％，反应温度为13℃，时间为2．5h；在二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成时，十八醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2．05：1，反应温度为16℃，时间3h。合成的产品中无酚无三废产生，产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂626的合成与表征

以季戊四醇、三氯化磷和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为原料,在实验室合成了双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。采用正交试验考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明,整个工艺过程适宜的工艺条件为:2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、三氯化磷和季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.00∶2.05∶1.00,催化剂B的用量为季戊四醇质量的2.2%,第一步反应温度为130℃,时间为2.5 h;第二步反应温度为120℃,时间3.0 h。产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

季戊四醇双亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂852的合成研究

以2,4-二枯基酚、季戊四醇、三氯化磷为基本原料合成了抗氧剂852,即二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇双亚磷酸酯。重点讨论了反应溶剂、催化剂、物料配比、反应温度、反应时间和结晶溶剂对产品收率的影响,筛选出了最佳的合成工艺条件为:物料摩尔配比η(2,4-二枯基酚)∶η(三氯化磷)∶η(季戊四醇)为2.00∶2.18∶1.00,第一步反应温度60℃,反应4h,第二步反应110℃,反应6h,反应收率为78%。     

二亚磷酸二(双酚A)季戊四醇酯的合成

以季戊四醇、三氯化磷和双酚A作为原料合成了抗氧剂二亚磷酸二(双酚A)季戊四醇酯。探索了物料配比、反应溶剂的种类及用量和反应时间等反应条件对产率的影响,并通过正交试验法确定了适宜工艺条件。试验结果表明:反应溶剂为苯,用量为50 mL;物料配比〔m(季戊四醇):m(三氯化磷):m(双酚A)〕为1.0∶2.8∶2.0;第一步和第二步均回流反应3 h。在适宜工艺条件下所制得的产品为白色粉末状固体,熔点为146℃~148℃,产率约为93%。此外,通过元素分析、红外谱图和核磁共振对产品进行了物性和结构表征。     

离子交换树脂催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸酯的研究

二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸酯是非光气合成二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的重要中间体。以离子交换树脂为催化剂,对苯氨基甲酸甲酯与甲醛缩合反应制备二氨基甲酸酯进行了研究,考察了催化剂、反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量和反应时间对反应的影响。优惠条件:温度100℃,原料配比n(对苯氨基甲酸甲酯)∶n(甲醛)=6∶1,催化剂用量为苯氨基甲酸甲酯质量的10%,反应时间4h。此条件下,二氨基甲酸酯收率为57%,选择性为60%。     

抗氧剂618的合成及在聚合物加工中的应用

以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十八醇为原料,在实验室合成了二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明,合成工艺过程可分为两步:合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时,适宜的工艺条件为:亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.05,催化剂的用量为季戊四醇质量的3%,反应温度为130℃,时间为2.5 h;在二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成时,十八醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2.05,反应温度为160℃,时间3 h。产品使用结果表明,该产品能够与钙锌稳定剂组分协同并用抑制PVC初期着色;在PP制品中,与酚类抗氧剂1010存在明显的协同作用,显示出良好的长期热氧稳定性。     

无酚法新工艺合成双十六烷基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯

以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十六醇为原料，合成了双十六烷基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考察了反应温度、反应时闻、催化荆及物料配比对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明，整个工艺过程可分为两步，合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时，最佳的工艺条件为：亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2．05：1，催化剂的用量为季戊四醇质量的3％，反应温度为130℃，时间为2．5h；在合成双十六烷基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯时，十六醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2．05：1，反应温度为160℃，时间2．5h。合成的产品中无酚无三废产生，产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.