混酸系(H2SO4/HNO3)制备水性中间相

以石油生焦为原料,通过混酸氧化制备水性中间相,并研究了混酸的用量,氧化温度,氧化时间对水性中间相收率的影响,结果表明：混酸用量为１００ｃｍ＾３,氧化温度为８０℃,氧化时间为３ｈ所得水性中间相收率较大,达到１３０％。     

水性中间相炭微球基碳点测Cu~(2+)的条件优化

为了研究水性中间相炭微球基碳点测Cu~(2+)的最优条件,本文以中间相炭微球为原料,混酸氧化-碱溶酸沉净化制备的水性中间相炭微球基碳点,用于检测Cu~(2+)。试验确定了自制的水性中间相炭微球基碳点测Cu~(2+)的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳检测参数:检测波长650mn,硫酸铜与碳点比0.1mol:36mg,70℃水浴30min,溶液pH值为3。     

水性中间相制备研究(Ⅱ)──混酸(HNO_3/H_2SO_4)氧化过程动力学研究

采用混酸（ＨＮＯ３／Ｈ２ＳＯ４）氧化石油生焦,制备水性中间相;重点考察温度对氧化速度的影响。利用付立叶红外光谱对石油生焦、水性中间相和残渣进行了表征;结果表明：扩散是石油生焦氧化的速率控制步骤,其表现活化能为３．９ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１。     

水性中间相制备研究（Ⅱ）——混酸（HNO3／H2SO4）氧化过程动力学研究

采用混酸（ＨＮＯ３／Ｈ２ＳＯ４）氧化石油生焦,制备水性中间相;重点考察温度对氧化速度的影响,利用付立叶红外光谱对石油生焦、水性中间相和残渣进行了表征;结果表明：扩散是石油生焦氧化的速率控制步骤。其表观活化能为３．９ＫＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１。     

汽车涂料

201004103汽车用水性中间层流挂减少的多层涂膜的制备方法：制备多层涂膜方法的步骤为：（a）用水性中间涂料组合物涂覆电沉积涂膜,形成中间层涂膜,（b）在中间层涂膜上涂覆水性涂料组合物,形成本色漆涂膜,（c）在本色漆涂膜上涂覆清漆组合物,形成透明涂膜,（d）同时烘烤,固化这3道涂层,形成多层涂膜。     

水性免中涂涂装工艺研究

在汽车涂装中,水性免中涂涂装工艺因工艺流程少、污染排放和能耗低而受到愈来愈多的关注,它将成为今后汽车涂装的主流。本文从涂膜性能指标、面漆颜色效果、闪干流平时间和清漆设计等方面对水性免中涂涂装工艺进行了研究,分析了清漆厚度、第2道面漆的喷涂遍数、中间闪干流平时间和旋杯型号选择对汽车外观质量的影响以及存在的问题,获得了实现最佳外观的汽车水性免中涂涂装工艺方案。     

水性聚氨酯预聚合催化剂二丁基硫化锡的合成及性能

将四丁基锡和四氯化锡通过歧化反应制得中间产物二丁基二氯化锡,与硫化钠反应后进一步合成了二丁基硫化锡.采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征.将二丁基硫化锡作为催化剂用于水性聚氯酯的预聚合反应,并与二月桂酸二丁基锡进行比较,研究其催化活性和耐水解性能.结果表明,二丁基硫化锡对水性聚氨酯预聚合体系具有更好的催化性能和耐水解性能.与...     

织物处理用水性聚氨酯涂层的研制

论述了水性聚氨酯涂层的合成工艺。对在合成过程中的工艺条件如－ＮＣＯ／－ＯＨ值，建立中间控制（－ＮＣＯ％），温度，涂布工艺对涂层性能的影响作了探讨。     

阴离子型聚氨酯水分散体的合成及其在单组分水性素色漆中的应用

通过自制的中间体,在分子链上引入大位阻的侧基、聚碳酸酯和聚酯链段、磺酸盐链段、局部交联链段,制备了一种可用于单组分素色漆的阴离子型聚氨酯水分散体(PUD)。讨论了中间产物(二羟甲基叔碳酸酯)和IPDI的用量、聚碳酸酯二醇和磺酸盐聚酯二醇的用量、交联单体类型、三羟甲基丙烷的用量对PUD性能和水性素色漆性能的影响。结果表明:制备的水性单组分素色漆达到汽车漆的使用要求。     

基于水性木器涂料的水性聚氨酯改性研究

对水性聚氨酯改性技术进行了大量的调查工作,包括：环氧树脂改性水性聚氨酯、丙烯酸改性水性聚氨酯、有机硅改性水性聚氨酯、纳米材料改性水性聚氨酯、超支化聚合物改性水性聚氨酯、可再生资源改性水性聚氨酯、复合改性水性聚氨酯等,并对其改性研究进行了综述.     

二元炭质-二氧化锆气凝胶制备Zr(C，O)纳米粉体

以石油生焦为原料,硫酸和硝酸的混合酸为氧化剂,通过化学氧化制得炭质水性中间相,将炭质水性中间相于丙酮溶剂中浸泡7d形成炭质溶胶,然后用乙醇洗涤脱出其中的丙酮溶剂得到炭质醇溶胶,再将炭质醇溶胶与锆醇溶胶进行混合制得二元醇溶胶,随后进行超临界流体干燥得到二元气凝胶,二元气凝胶具有疏松的表观结构,由尺寸为3-15nm的颗粒组成,采用二元炭质-二氧化锆气凝胶前驱体,经氩气气氛下的碳热还原合成了Zr(C,O)纳米粉体,并采用XRD和TEM等分析测试技术和化学分析对二元气凝胶和由其制中得的Zr(C,O)纳米粒子的表面形貌和结构进行了表征,结果表明,前驱体制备工艺中,合成温度对Zr(C,O)的结构和化学组成性能有较大的影响。     

铌酸的合成与表征

采用氢氧化钾熔融法以不同无机酸处理合成了铌酸。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪,热重分析仪和紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪对合成的铌酸分别进行了表征。结果表明,经冰醋酸处理合成的铌酸纯度较高,用硫酸和硝酸处理合成的铌酸含有少量杂质,而磷酸处理后没有得到铌酸。     

Effect of bile acid feeding on hepatic steroid 12 α-hydroxylase activity in hamsters

The effects of feeding cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid on the activity of the hepatic steroid 12α-hydroxylase, gallbladder bile acid composition, fecal neutral sterol output, cholesterol synthesis and bile acid synthesis were determined in female hamsters. The 12α-hydroxylase activity was inhibited to 56% by cholic acid, to 62% by chenodeoxycholic acid, and to 78% by ursodeoxycholic acid compared with the control. Bile acid composition was altered by feeding of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid to be rich in the given bile acids. Fecal neutral sterol output increased about twice by feeding chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, whereas cholic acid had no significant effect. Body cholesterol synthesis increased to 217% by chenodeoxycholic acid and to 274% by ursodeoxycholic acid, whereas effect of cholic acid was not significant. Bile acid synthesis was suppressed to 48% of control only by chenodeoxycholic acid. A positive correlation between the 12α-hydroxylase activity and the bile acid synthesis was observed in the control, chenodeoxycholatefed and ursodeoxycholate-fed animals. In conclusion, ursodeoxycholic acid might have less inhibitory effect on the steroid 12α-hydroxylase and the bile acid synthesis than chenodeoxycholic acid.     

单乙醇脂肪酰胺的合合成及性能

以辛酸，癸酸，月桂酸，肉豆蔻酸，棕榈酸，硬胆酸和油酸为原料分别与单乙醇胺反应，合成了一系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺，上述产品经重结晶提纯后，测定了系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺对w(AES)=10%和w(Ninol)=3%等表面活性剂水溶液体系的增稠，泡沫性能和珠光效果，研究表明，各种意志乙醇脂肪酰胺可以分别用异丙醇，水，丙酮和石油醚重结晶，单乙醇脂肪酰胺为白色片状晶体，C12－C18的单乙醇脂肪酰胺有较好的增稠性能，其中单乙醇油酰胺最好，单乙醇月桂酰胺对体系发泡与稳泡有明显的促进作用，单乙醇硬脂酰胺在体系中有很好的珠光效果。     

2016年我国硫酸行业生产情况及2017年展望

阐述2016年我国硫酸行业生产运行情况:产量首次出现负增长,硫黄制酸、硫铁矿制酸产量下降,冶炼烟气制酸产量持续上升,产业集中度进一步提高;进口量同比上升22.4％,山东仍然是进口硫酸最大的消费市场;硫酸表观消费量同比下降0.7％,价格略有回升.分析2017年硫酸行业发展形势.     

Differential effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and ursocholic acid on the formation of biliary cholesterol crystals in mice

The preventive effect of 3α,7β,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid (ursocholic acid) and ursodeoxycholic acid on the formation of biliary cholesterol crystals was studied in mice. Cholesterol crystals developed with 80% incidence after feeding for five weeks a lithogenic diet containing 0.5% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate. When 0.25% ursocholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid was added to the lithogenic diet, the incidence as well as the grade (severity) of the gallstones were reduced. Plasma and liver cholesterol levels were decreased by ursodeoxycholic acid but not by ursocholic acid. Gallbladder cholesterol and phospholipid levels were decreased by both bile acids. The biliary bile acid level was decreased by ursocholic acid but not by ursodeoxycholic acid. After feeding ursocholic acid, its level in the bile was about 25% and the levels of cholic acid and β-muricholic acid decreased. Fecal sterol excretion was not changed by ursocholic acid, but was increased by ursodeoxycholic acid. After feeding ursocholic acid, fecal excretion of deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and ursocholic acid increased. No differences were found between mice, with or without gallstones, in plasma and liver cholesterol levels, biliary phospholipid and bile acid levels, fecal sterol and bile acid levels, and biliary and fecal bile acid composition. The results suggest that the lower incidence of crystal formation after treatment with ursocholic acid is probably by a different mechanism than with ursodeoxycholic acid. In the mouse model, ursodeoxycholic acid exerts its effect at least partially, by decreasing cholesterol absorption. Ursocholic acid is well absorbed and excreted into bile and transformed into deoxycholic acid by the intestinal microflora in mice.     

Production of biodiesel from soapstock using an ion-exchange resin catalyst

The feasibility of biodiesel production from soapstock containing high water content and fatty matters by a solid acid catalyst was investigated. Soapstock was converted to high-acid acid oil (HAAO) by the hydrolysis by KOH and the acidulation by sulfuric acid. The acid value of soapstock-HAAO increased to 199.1 mg KOH/g but a large amount of potassium sulfate was produced. To resolve the formation of potassium sulfate, acid oil was extracted from soapstock and was converted to HAAO by using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The maximum acid value of acid oil-HAAO was 194.2 mg KOH/g when the mass ratio of acid oil, sulfuric acid, and water was 10: 4: 10 at 2% of SDBS. In the esterification of HAAO using Amberylst-15, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) concentration was 91.7 and 81.3% for soapstock and acid oil, respectively. After the distillation, FAME concentration became 98.1% and 96.7% for soapstock and acid oil. The distillation process decreased the total glycerin and the acid value of FAME produced a little.     

鲩鱼脂肪酸的组成及其含量的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱法分析了鲩鱼中脂肪酸的化学组成及各成分的含量。鲩鱼中的脂肪经石油醚提取、酸碱结合法甲酯化、GC-MS测定、总离子流图峰面积归一化法测定各组分相对含量。鲩鱼中检出26种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸含量为38.46%,不饱和脂肪酸61.54%。,含量较高的脂肪酸是亚麻油酸31.83%,油酸29.89%,棕榈油酸11.36%。     

聚天冬氨酸的合成与表征

介绍了以L -天冬氨酸为原料 ,热缩合成聚天冬氨酸酐 ,水解得到聚天冬氨酸的合成工艺。采用凝胶色谱法测定了聚天冬氨酸的分子量 ,并用核磁共振对其进行了表征。     

单体酸组成分析及在润滑添加剂方面的应用

采用GC/MS方法测定了单体酸的主要组成:用甲酯化后的试样进行GC/MS分析,鉴定出肉豆蔻酸(12.16%)、棕榈酸(8.51%)、十八稀酸(25.53%)、硬脂酸(32.72%)等15种物质。从评价铝材轧制油添加剂的性能指标——相容性、润滑性、抗磨性、退火清洁性和抗氧化性5个方面,考察了将单体酸作为或加工成为铝材轧制油添加剂的可行性。