小波基预测函数控制在陶瓷烧成温度控制中的应用

针对陶瓷烧成窑炉具有大纯滞后、非线性及不确定性等特点,提出一种基于小波基函数的陶瓷烧成温度的预测函数控制方法,推断出陶瓷烧成温度预测函数控制的基本原理;利用小波的多尺度分析和紧支局部特性选取小波函数作为基函数,根据逼近要求灵活设置小波基函数的个数及位置分布,在保证系统整体优化性能的同时又满足了局部重点要求;理论分析和仿真表明,该控制方法与普通PFC方法相比,在动态特性、控制精度、抗干扰等方面具有明显的促进作用。     

预测函数控制在陶瓷烧成窑炉温度控制中的应用

针对陶瓷烧成生产过程的复杂性,提出一种陶瓷烧成温度预测函数控制方法。首先分析跟踪设定温度的陶瓷烧成温度预测函数控制方法的控制量结构,并给出预测函数控制方案;然后进行闭环系统性能分析;最后对模型进行仿真。     

陶瓷生产中的温度参数及温度控制

“原料是基础，成型是条件，烧成是关键”，在陶瓷的发展中，烧成一直是至关重要的。其实，烧成，狭义地说是温度的控制。从远古的肉眼看火，至当代的热电偶、热电阻、光学高温计等先进测量设备测量，都是了解烧成过程中的温度参数。陶瓷生产，特别是现代的广义陶瓷生产（建筑卫生陶瓷、艺术陶瓷、日用陶瓷、特种陶瓷等）,由于它们各自的特殊工艺性能要求对温度的要求更为严格,所以对陶瓷生产中的理论温度、实际温度等温度参数进行一番深入了解是非常有意义的。在此主要从建筑陶瓷角度出发去剖析陶瓷生产中的温度参数及温度控制。1温度参数1…     

红柱石基刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷的显微结构及性能

以红柱石颗粒为主要骨料,辅以莫来石颗粒和刚玉颗粒,硅微粉、铝微粉为基质料,经混合、困料及成型后,经不同温度下烧成4h,制得莫来石基刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷,分析了烧成温度对复相陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构、烧成性能、力学性能及热学性能。结果表明:红柱石在高温下转化成针状和柱状莫来石改善复相陶瓷的烧成性能和抗热震性能;在1480℃烧成时,红柱石刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷具有优越性能,其抗折强度为15.4MPa,耐压强度为91.6MPa,热膨胀系数为5.5×10-6/K,1100℃下水冷的抗热震次数达到99次。     

降低日用陶瓷烧成温度与节能关系的分析、计算——试论降低日用陶瓷烧成温度的节能裕度

本文提出了分析计算降低陶瓷烧成温度与节能间关系的一种简易方法,并通过实例分析了降低陶瓷烧成温度的节能裕度;指出,降低烧成温度,缩短烧成时间,提高产品产量,才能大幅度地降低单位陶瓷烧成能耗,提高窑炉的热效率.     

大规格陶瓷超薄板的特性及烧成技术

陶瓷超薄板具有节能降耗、节约资源、质量轻、耐火性能好等特性,具有广阔的应用前景。笔者从大规格陶瓷超薄板的窑炉结构及烧成技术方面进行剖析,旨在为大规格超薄陶瓷板的烧成控制抛砖引玉。     

影响陶瓷低温烧结的因素

本文以丰富的实验数据说明烧成温度,低融物性质和数量,成型压力,粒度和级配,坯料组成和烧成条件等对陶瓷低温烧成的影响.分析了陶瓷低温烧成中关键性的控制因子.     

烧结工艺和粘结剂对SiC泡沫陶瓷网络结构的影响

主要阐述了SiC基泡沫陶瓷的结构、性能、制造工艺和应用前景。使用了有机前驱体浸渍法制备SiC基泡沫陶瓷,通过比较在不同条件下(不同粘结剂含量和烧成温度保温时间)试样的常温耐压强度、热震稳定性、容重和孔隙率等性能参数,并用扫描电镜(SEM)对泡沫陶瓷显微结构进行了形貌分析,系统的分析实验条件对试样的影响。实验结果表明:SiC基泡沫陶瓷在1 450℃时的烧结保温3 h比保温2 h和4 h的热震次数多和抗压强度高;粘结剂的加入能够有效提高坯体的挂浆效果,较高温度烧结会导致烧结体产生大量玻璃相,降低其耐火度和高温强度。在1 450℃保温3 h粘结剂加入量为8%的SiC基泡沫陶瓷抗压强度为0.632 MPa,900℃加热、20℃水急冷其热震次数高达16次。烧结温度为1 450℃时制备的SiC基泡沫陶瓷过滤器具有较好的综合性能。     

六偏磷酸钠对陶瓷釉料中纳米ZnO分散性的影响

研究了六偏磷酸钠对纳米ZnO在水中和陶瓷釉料中的分散性以及纳米ZnO对陶瓷成品性能的影响.采用沉降实验、粒度分析、釉料流变性、陶瓷成品光泽度、烧成温度测试手段,对含纳米ZnO的水溶液、釉料和陶瓷成品进行表征.结果表明,在实验条件下,纳米ZnO在水中最佳分散条件为0.5%六偏磷酸钠,3.0%纳米ZnO,pH为9.在陶瓷釉料中最佳分散条件为0.5%六偏磷酸钠、4.0%纳米ZnO、pH为9、陶瓷基釉200 mL.以此釉料烧成的陶瓷制品,使光泽度提高7.14%,烧成温度降低约15℃.     

陶瓷烧成添加剂的制备与应用

采用工业聚合铝和自制活化硅酸,利用水浴加热法合成陶瓷添加剂,通过DSC-TG、XRD、SEM等方法研究烧成添加剂的性能及应用。研究结果显示烧成添加剂经910℃煅烧大量形成莫来石相,具有明显的低温优势。将烧成添加剂引入陶瓷坯料中,能够很好地促进莫来石的生成,在保证陶瓷显微结构特征的前提下,可降低烧成温度,缩短烧成时间,对日用瓷行业节能降耗有着重要的意义。     

Sol-gel preparation of selective layers of ceramic ultrafiltration membranes based on titania

A sol-gel method for preparing selective layers of ceramic ultrafiltration membranes based on titania hydrosols is considered. The characteristics of the pore structures of the selective layers are considered as a function of the initial composition and the firing temperature. All of the selective layers have a narrow range of the pore size distribution and meet the requirements imposed on ultrafiltration membranes.     

基于改进BP神经网络陶瓷梭式窑火焰图像识别方法

在陶瓷产品生产过程中,不同烧制阶段陶瓷梭式窑烧结带温度发生相应的变化,其对应的火焰图像也随着变化。本文针对陶瓷梭式窑烧结带温度检测提出一种基于改进BP神经网络的火焰图像识别方法。首先对获取的火焰图像利用改进的小波阈值算法去除图像中的噪音进行预处理,其次基于改进的BP神经网络对得到的火焰图像三个分量值R、G、B和测得的火焰温度进行数据拟合,最后测试已训练的神经网络识别火焰图像的效果。实验结果表明,改进后的BP神经网络收敛速度更快、训练时间更短、误差更小,能够更好地检测陶瓷梭式窑火焰图像温度。     

Control of the temperature conditions of firing in furnaces with radiating walls

The possibility of achieving optimum conditions of heat treatment of ceramic articles in furnaces with radiating walls is shown. A function providing control of the thermal energy supply to the firing zone of the furnace is found for the considered example of solid brick firing in the furnace, which makes it possible to obtain high-quality articles at minimum intensity of heat transfer and minimum power consumption.     

陶瓷辊道窑辊棒两端散热过程的数值模拟

本文采用误差分方法对陶瓷辊道窑辊子的温度分布和通过辊子两端散热的过程进行了数值模拟与分析，并结合本文提出了用余弦函数近似描述窑内制品烧成的曲线的方法计算了全窑辊子的散热损失，所得计算结果对深入了解辊道窑的热工过程，辊子的热负荷状态及指导生产实际有一定的参考意义。     

利用珍珠岩工业尾矿低温快烧制备轻质陶瓷砖的研究

本文以珍珠岩工业尾矿为主要原料,加入适量炼铝赤泥、发泡剂和减水剂,采用低温快烧工艺可制备既有装饰效果,又有隔热保温功能的轻质陶瓷砖产品。实验结果表明:珍珠岩尾矿适合用于低温快速烧成的主体材料;赤泥中CaO、Na2O、Fe2O3含量较高,可以显著降低烧成温度。     

OIL FIRING,ITS LIMITATIONS AND ADVANTAGES1

The most common types of fuel burning equipment and the usual methods of their installation, originally developed and perfected for power plant use, are not suitable for the ceramic industory and result in excessive costs and difficulties in operation and control. When fuel oil is considered not a substitute for coal but an independent fuel with characteristics somewhat radically different from those of coal, and the kiln construction together with method of firing is changed to meet these characteristics, oil firing proves superior to coal firing in nine cases out of ten.     

Development of a Predictive Control Based on Takagi-Sugeno Model Applied in a Nonlinear System of Industrial Refrigeration

Refrigeration systems exist in different branches of industry and are characterized as great energy consumers with considerable nonlinear behavior. Several studies have promoted energy costs reduction and minimization of nonlinearities effects in such systems. Model predictive control has been successfully used to stabilize processes in the presence of such nonlinearities; therefore, its application in refrigeration systems is considered promising. In the present study, Takagi–Sugeno models were developed and validated in order to predict the evaporating and secondary fluid temperatures (TE and TP) based on the ANFIS technique (Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems) for a vapor-compressor chiller equipment. The prediction performance of resulting models was analyzed and accessed based on the variance accounted for criteria. These models were then used as the basis for prediction models in several generalized predictive controllers (GPC) denoted here as GPC-ANFIS controllers. Different predictive controllers were designed for different local rules (Fuzzy rules) and the global control action was assumed as the weighted sum of local controllers. Experimental tests considered two distinct controllers, namely the GPC-ANFIS_TE (evaporating temperature control by means of compressor speed variation) and GPC-ANFIS_TP (propylene glycol temperature control by means of compressor speed variation), were performed. The experimental tests for setpoint tracking (±1°C) considering 3000 W of constant heat load showed satisfactory results with setpoint deviation around ±0.3°C. Therefore, the ANFIS technique demonstrated to be able to provide reliable predictive models to be used in generalized predictive control algorithms.     

结晶釉的研究进展

结晶釉以它独有的艺术风格,享有广泛的声誉,颇得消费者的青睐。传统结晶釉主要用于工艺品以及日用陶瓷上,而在建筑陶瓷上的应用较晚亦较少。为了使结晶釉在建筑陶瓷中的装饰应用更广泛,迫切需要我们在传统结晶釉配方的基础上,研制出一种符合现代建筑陶瓷产品低温快速烧成要求的新型结晶釉。本文简要介绍了结晶釉的定义以及研究现状,重点阐述硅锌矿结晶釉的历史背景、国内外研究进展和存在的问题,并指出可能的发展趋势。     

Criteria of temperature conditions control in firing of ceramic articles

Three groups of criteria of temperature control in firing of ceramic articles are considered. An assessment of the effect of the main control criteria on the firing process is provided for a furnace with radiating walls. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 5, pp. 3 – 5, May, 1998.