中国海油炼化企业信息化现状分析及今后发展的思考

本文应用智能化、信息化能力评估模型对中国海油炼化企业信息化应用的现状进行了分析,结合信息化新技术的发展以及海油炼化产业发展面临的挑战与机遇,提出了中国海油炼化产业实施智慧炼化建设的信息化分步发展战略。     

“双碳”目标下中国海油炼化产业高质量发展路径探讨

“双碳”背景下中国海油炼化产业面临较大的转型压力。探讨了中国海油炼化产业高质量发展的路径，指出中国海油将坚定不移推进能源革命，持之以恒转变发展方式，谋划上中下游一体化发展，加快产业升级。坚持科技引领，强化创新驱动，加快数智化转型。以“双赢”理念深化务实合作，落实碳达峰碳中和目标任务，不断完善供应链、延长产业链、提升价值链，推动炼化产业绿色低碳韧性可持续增长。     

中国海油炼化产业发展趋势探讨

简述了中国海洋石油总公司炼油化工产业的现状和特点。针对目前国内炼化产能过剩进一步加剧、成品油消费税上调、成品油质量升级提速及进口原油使用权放开等一系列产业政策调整和市场环境变化,结合中国海油的战略发展目标,横向比较国际石油公司的发展经验,对中国海油炼化产业的发展提出了相应建议。     

骨子里迸发的力量—一中国海油炼化产业发展回眸与展望

2005年12月15日，中国海洋石油工业发展史上一个永远值得铭记的日子——中国海油惠州炼油项目在地处南海之滨的大亚湾石化工业园区奠基，奏响了中国海油进军下游炼化产业的强劲凯歌。     

中海油惠炼二期120万吨乙烯装置开车成功

正近日,由沈鼓集团自主研发、设计和制造的我国首台套120万吨/年乙烯装置在中海油惠州炼化二期现场一次试车成功。这标志着我国石化乙烯行业机组最大、调试最快、指标最优的新纪录诞生。中国海油惠州炼化二期项目位于广东省大亚湾石化园区,项目总投资达466亿元,是目前我国在建规模最大的炼化一体化工程。2013年7月,为加快中下游产业发展,实现炼油化工一体化优势,中国海油在惠州石化     

中国海油与壳牌集团签署协议

正当地时间10月16日上午,在国务院总理李克强与荷兰首相吕特的见证下,中国海油与壳牌集团在海牙签署了惠州石化化工项目合作谅解备忘录。中国海油董事长杨华与壳牌集团首席执行官范伯登分别代表各自集团签署协议。中国海油副总经理陈壁参加签字仪式。根据协议,双方将探讨合作建设生产装置,旨在全面发挥产业集群的优势,在大亚湾创建一个规模和竞争力都处于全球一流的大型炼化一体化基地。     

眼界

正中海壳牌化工二期项目正式投产5月2日,位于惠州市大亚湾石化区的第二套乙烯裂解装置及其衍生品装置正式投产。中海壳牌化工二期项目11套生产装置的其他关联装置也将在未来几周陆续投产。这一新建120万吨/年乙烯项目投产后,将与"一墙之隔"的中国海油炼油厂(惠州石化)形成深度炼化一体化优势,并与已经建成投产的惠炼一期一起形成2200万吨炼油、220万吨乙烯的年生产能力,惠州石化产业炼化一体化规模也因此     

中海壳牌化工二期项目正式投产

正5月2日,位于惠州市大亚湾石化区的第二套乙烯裂解装置及其衍生品装置正式投产。中海壳牌化工二期项目11套生产装置的其他关联装置也将在未来几周陆续投产。这一新建120万吨/年乙烯项目投产后,将与"一墙之隔"的中国海油炼油厂(惠州石化)形成深度炼化一体化优势,并与已经建成投产的惠炼一期一起形成2200万吨炼油、220万吨乙烯的年生产能力,惠州石化产业炼化一体化规模也因此跃居全国首位。     

流程工业卓越智能炼化建设的研究与实践

流程工业炼化产业今后发展的瓶颈与挑战,可以归纳为"资源、能源、环境和安全"所带来的约束问题,其解决之道归根结底是实施、加快推进炼化产业的智能化发展与转型升级,即流程工业的智能工厂建设,而其成功的关键则在于卓越的智能炼化建设的实施。提出了智能炼化的定义,阐述了实施智能炼化建设的整体思路(包括总体目标、顶层设计、建设策略、具体实施路线和实施方法论以及卓越智能炼化建设的要求)。以生产全流程协同管控平台建设为例介绍了相关建设内容,以期实现"资源高效化转化、过程低碳绿色化"目标,促进炼化企业向新一代智能制造模式的转型。     

2020年哈萨克斯坦炼化产业发展分析

哈萨克斯坦三大炼油厂的现代化改造工程即将完成,各炼厂的工艺技术水平得到了明显提升.未来哈国还需进一步发展炼油、化工等相关产业.从目前情况看,炼厂仍存在着总体加工流程不够优化、炼油后续配套加工方案短缺、全厂加工损失高、长周期运行能力受限等问题.化工产业面临着产业基础薄弱,大部分化工基础原料高度依赖进口.参考全球炼化产业发展历程,结合哈国石化产业基础现状,提出哈国炼油产业还需进一步开展全厂方案优化;调整炼油结构、大力发展炼化一体化项目;提升炼油企业环保及长周期运行能力.相关企业可利用哈国原油及天然气资源的特色及优势,发展天然气化工及润滑油相关产业.     

DCV-GCMD方法模拟近临界条件下乙烯、苯与乙苯在圆柱形孔道中苯烃化反应条件下的吸附和传递性质

Abstract A cylindrical pore model was used to represent approximately the pore of β-zeolite catalyst that had been used in the alkylation of benzene with ethylene and spherical Lennard-Jones molecules represented the components of the reaction system-ethylene, benzene and ethylbenzene. The dual control volume-grand canonical molecular dynamics (DCV-GCMD) method was used to simulate the adsorption and transport properties of three components under reaction in the cylindrical pore at 250℃and 270℃in the pressure range from 1 MPa to 8 MPa. The state map of the reactant mixture in the bulk phase could be divided into several different regions around its critical points. The simulated adsorption and transport properties in the pore were compared between the different near-critical regions. The thorough analysis suggested that the high pressure liquid region is the most suitable region for the alkylation reaction of benzene under the near-critical condition.     

载体对镍催化剂催化间二硝基苯加氢制间苯二胺反应性能的影响

The hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine in liquid phase was studied with the nickel catalysts supported on SiO2, TiO2, γ-Al2O3, MgO and diatomite carders. Based on the experiments of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen （H2-TPD） and activity evaluation, the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of the catalysts were investigated. Among the catalysts tested, the SiO2 supported nickel catalyst showed the highest activity and selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine, over which 97.3% m-dinitrobenzene conversion and 95.1% m-phenylenediamine yield were obtained at 373K under hydrogen pressure of 2.6MPa after reaction for 6 h when using ethanol as solvent. Although TiO2 and diatomite supported nickel catalysts also presented high activity, they had lower selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine. As for γ-Al2O3 and MgO supported catalysts were almost inactive for the object reaction. It was shown that both the activity and selectivity of the catalysts were strongly depended on the interaction between nickel and the support. The higher activities of Ni/SiO2, Ni/TiO2 and Ni/diatomite could be attributed to the weaker metal-support interaction, on which Ni species presented as crystallized Ni metal particles. On the other hand, there existed strong metal-support interaction in Ni/MgO and Ni γ-Al2O3, which causes these catalysts more difficult to be reduced and the availability of Ni active sites decreased, resulting in their low catalytic activity.     

基于人工神经网络的滴流床脉冲流频率的预测

An extensive database (946 measurements) for the frequency of pulsing flow in trickle beds was established by collecting the experimental results published over past 30 years. A new correlation based on artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the pulsation frequency was developed. Seven dimensionless numbers (groups) employed in the proposed correlation were liquid and gas Reynolds, liquid Weber, liquid Eǒtvǒs, gas Froude, and gas Stokes numbers and a bed correction factor. The comparisons of performance reported in the of literature and present correlations show that ANN correlation is a significant improvement in predicting pulsation frequency with an average absolute relative error (AARE) of 10% and a standard deviation less than 18%.     

运用层次分析法对化学产品的环境经济性能集成评价

With the increasing public consciousness on environmental issues, chemical products and process designs require simultaneous satisfaction and compromise of environmental and economical requirements. To fulfill the two conflicting while complementary objectives, a systematic approach for life cycle design of a chemical product is proposed in this article. Multiattribute decision-making is adopted in a trade-off consideration of both technical economical evaluation and environmental impacts assessment using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） approach. On the basis of an evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria multicriteria decision making is performed. In this study, an AHP model is used to derive single a criteria score by analyzing the environmental impact and life cycle cost of a product, respectively. And a fluctuant weight analysis is put forth to calculate the integrated index of the product to enable products to be ranked or selected intuitionally and conveniently. The proposed AHP model has been applied to a case study, a comparative study on chamber cleaning with NF3 and C2F6. The resuits show that the protposed AHP model is Capable of providing a rational and relevant evaluation.     

涡流桨搅拌槽内流动非稳定性的大涡模拟

The aim of this work is to investigate the flow instabilities in a baffled, stirred tank generated by a single Rushton turbine by means of large eddy simulation （LES）. The sliding mesh method was used for the coupling between the rotating and the stationary frame of references. The calculations were carried out on the ＂Shengcao-21C＂ supercomputer using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code CFX5. The flow fields predicted by the LES simulation and the simulation using standard κ-ε model were compared to the results from particle image velocimetry （PIV） measurements. It is shown that the CFD simulations using the LES approach and the standard κ-ε model agree well with the PIV measurements. Fluctuations of the radial and axial velocity are predicted at different frequencies by the LES simulation. Velocity fluctuations of high frequencies are seen in the impeller region, while low frequencies velocity fluctuations are observed in the bulk flow. A low frequency velocity fluctuation with a nondimensional frequency of 0.027Hz is predicted by the LES simulation, which agrees with experimental investigations in the literature. Flow circulation patterns predicted by the LES simulation are asymmetric, stochastic and complex, spanning a large portion of the tanks and varying with time, while circulation patterns calculated by the simulation using the standard κ-ε model are symmetric. The results of the present work give better understanding to the flow instabilities in the mechanically agitated tank. However, further analysis of the LES calculated velocity series by means of fast Fourier transform （FFT） and/or spectra analysis are recommended in future work in order to gain more knowledge of the complicated flow phenomena.     

用改进ECT技术测定油气两相流中空泡分数的测量研究

To measure the void fraction online in oil-gas pipeline, an improved electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system has been designed. The capacitance sensor with new structure has twelve internal electrodes and overcomes the influence of the pipe wall. The data collection system is improved by using high performance IC (integrated circuit). Static tests of bubble flow, stratified flow and annular flow regime are carried out. Measurements are taken on bubble flow, stratified flow and slug flow. Results show that the new ECT system performs well on void fraction measurement of bubble flow and stratified flow, but the error of measurement for slug flow is more than 10%.     

壁面粗糙度对气粒两相流动中颗粒行为影响的实验研究

The effect of wall roughness on particle behavior in two-phase flows in a horizontal backward-facing step is studied using a phase-Doppler particle anemometer. The results show that the wall roughness widens the particle velocity probability density distribution, enhances the redistribution of particle velocity into different directions,reduces the particle longitudinal mean velocity and increases the longitudinal and transverse fluctuation velocities and Reynolds shear stress. The effect of roughness on particle motion in the recirculation zone is weaker than that in the fully developed flow region. The effect of roughness for small particles is restricted only in the near-wall region, while that for large particle diffuses to the whole flow field.     

SRK状态方程用于聚合物体系的汽液和气液平衡

A simple extension of cubic equations of state （EOS） to polymer systems has been proposed. The Soave-Redlich-Kwong （SRK） EOS was taken as a prototype to be used to describe the PVT behavior of polymer melts in a wide temperature and pressure range. Combined with a modified Huron-Vidal gE-mixing rule it was applied for modeling vapor-liquid equilibria of polymer-solvent solutions and the solubility of supercritical gases in polymer melts. Satisfactory results are obtained.     

输入训练神经网络的维数约简算法及其在化工过程建模中的应用

Many applications of principal component analysis （PCA） can be found in dimensionality reduction. But linear PCA method is not well suitable for nonlinear chemical processes. A new PCA method based on improved input training neural network （IT-NN） is proposed for the nonlinear system modelling in this paper. Momentum factor and adaptive learning rate are introduced into learning algorithm to improve the training speed of IT-NN. Contrasting to the auto-associative neural network （ANN）, IT-NN has less hidden layers and higher training speed. The effectiveness is illustrated through a comparison of IT-NN with linear PCA and ANN with experiments. Moreover, the IT-NN is combined with RBF neural network （RBF-NN） to model the yields of ethylene and propylene in the naphtha pyrolysis system. From the illustrative example and practical application, IT-NN combined with RBF-NN is an effective method of nonlinear chemical process modelling.     

293.15K到333.15K温度下一些氨基酸及其相应基团水溶液中的偏摩尔体积研究

Abstract Densities of aqueous solutions of eight amino acids, glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-arginine and L-phenylalanine, are measured as a function of amino acid concentration from 293.15 K to 333.15 K. These data are used to calculate the apparent molar volume Vφ^0 and infinite dilution apparent molar volume Vφ^0 (partial molar volume). Data of five amino acids are used to correlate partial molar volume Vφ^0 using group contribution method to estimate the contributions of the zwitterionic end groups (NH ,COO-) and CH2 group, OH group, CNHNHNH2 group and C6H5(phenyl) group of amino acids. The results show that Vφ^0 values for all kinds of groups of amino acids studied increase with increase of temperature except those for CH2^φ group, which are almost constant within the studied temperature range. Data of other amino acids, L-valine, L-isoleucine and L-threonine, are chosen for comparison with the predicted partial molar volume Vφ^0 using the group additivity parameters obtained. The results confirm that this group additivity method has excellent predictive utility.