生物基化学品2,3-丁二醇的研究进展

从2,3-丁二醇的发酵研究(菌株、非粮碳源、发酵工艺)和下游处理技术两方面对生物法生产2,3-丁二醇的研究进展进行了概述,并对不同的分离方法进行了比较,指出降低2,3-丁二醇的生产成本应从菌种选育、发酵工艺优化及高效廉价节能的分离工艺研究出发,并在此基础上进行系统优化、展开2,3-丁二醇的应用研究是今后生物法生产2,3-丁二醇研究应关注的问题.     

2,3-丁二醇发酵液的双水相萃取

研究了从发酵液中双水相萃取2,3-丁二醇的工艺条件,以目标产物的分配系数和回收率为指标,分别考察了不同双水相萃取体系以及相组成对2,3-丁二醇分配的影响,确定了适合于2,3-丁二醇发酵液萃取的最佳相组成. 结果表明,适合2,3-丁二醇双水相萃取的体系为乙醇/硫酸铵体系,对于絮凝后的发酵液,采用硫酸铵浓度为20%(w)、乙醇浓度为27%(w)的双水相体系,发酵液中2,3-丁二醇的分配系数和回收率最高,分别达到了7.4和90.18%. 该工艺操作简单,能够有效地分离发酵液中的2,3-丁二醇.     

2,3-丁二醇的发酵生产

能源危机和环境污染使得化工行业的发展举步维艰,亟待开发新的发展模式,以可再生能源为原料的生物炼制技术成为可行的途径之一。2,3-丁二醇的发酵生产是现代生物炼制的重要课题之一。2,3-丁二醇作为一种大宗的化学产品具有广泛的应用价值,尤其在化工、食品、燃料、医药等领域。本文简要描述了2,3-丁二醇在微生物体内的代谢途径,着重讨论了2,3-丁二醇的发酵生产,对发酵的菌种种类、菌种诱变和定向改造、各种发酵影响因素（包括底物、pH值、溶氧、温度以及发酵方式）进行了详细的归纳总结,同时展望了2,3-丁二醇发酵生产的研究发展方向。     

2,3-丁二醇的絮凝预处理研究

为使生物法制备2,3-丁二醇的后续分离纯化过程顺利进行,研究了絮凝法预处理2,3-丁二醇发酵液。选用10种絮凝剂,以絮凝率和蛋白去除率为指标,分别考察了絮凝剂、质量浓度、pH值、温度和搅拌时间等条件对2,3-丁二醇发酵液的絮凝效果、浓度及后续萃取过程的影响,得出较优絮凝条件:以氯化铁为絮凝剂,质量浓度为23 g/L,pH值5.1,温度为20—50℃,搅拌时间15 m in,静置20 m in。在此工艺条件下,2,3-丁二醇的絮凝率和蛋白去除率均可高达98%以上,为后续的分离纯化过程奠定基础。     

微生物发酵法生产2,3-丁二醇的研究进展

从发酵菌株、发酵底物、发酵工艺以及分离提取方法等方面概述了微生物发酵法生产2,3-丁二醇的研究进展,并讨论了2,3-丁二醇发酵过程中存在的问题,同时指出,选育理想菌株并进一步对2,3-丁二醇的生化代谢途径中不同酶的动力学行为展开针对性的研究、应用数学工具优化发酵工艺并在此基础上对2,3-丁二醇的系列衍生物进行开发应用是今后研究的重点。     

发酵液中1,3-丙二醇分离提取的研究进展

1,3-丙二醇是合成聚乳酸的主要原料,以甘油为底物的生物法制备1,3-丙二醇是以绿色化学为特征的技术。但1,3-丙二醇极性很强、微生物发酵液成分较复杂,产品收率偏低,质量难符合制备高性能聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的要求,故1,3-丙二醇的分离提纯成为了生物法合成技术的关键。对于1,3-丙二醇发酵液,提纯过程包括发酵液预处理、脱盐和浓缩提纯。本文讨论了用于1,3-丙二醇提纯的主要技术,包括采用离心、过滤、絮凝脱大分子物质,用离子交换、电渗析、双水相萃取或有机溶剂沉淀等方法脱盐类,及通过精馏、萃取、吸附对发酵液浓缩提纯,或是以上某几个分离工艺的组合。提出整个分离工艺仍存在很多问题,对各工艺路线不断进行优化,开发新的经济高效的分离提取工艺路线,是目前实现规模化生物法生产1,3-丙二醇的技术重点。     

乙醇/碳酸钾双水相萃取盾叶薯蓣发酵液中的2,3-丁二醇

实验考察了乙醇/碳酸钾双水相萃取盾叶薯蓣发酵液中2,3-丁二醇的分配情况,并对其工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,当乙醇22%(质量)、碳酸钾26%(质量)时,发酵液中2,3-丁二醇的回收率达到最高值97%,此时,乙偶姻和残余还原糖的回收率为97%和87%,菌体和蛋白的去除率分别为99%和94%,而丙酮酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、延胡索酸和琥珀酸的去除率高达100%,这为2,3-丁二醇的工业分离提供了一种新的技术。     

2,3-丁二醇分离纯化中反应精馏的实验和模拟

对反应萃取-水解精馏法分离发酵液中2,3-丁二醇工艺中的水解精馏进行了实验和模拟研究。实验验证了4,5-二甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧戊环(DPD)水解精馏得到2,3-丁二醇的可行性。采用Aspen Plus建立反应精馏模型,以UNIFAC为热力学方程,RadFrac为反应精馏模块,对常压下DPD的水解精馏进行模拟,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。以2,3-丁二醇的收率为主要优化目标,考察最佳塔板数、进料位置、进料比、回流比和塔顶馏出比。模拟结果表明,在最佳操作条件下,塔釜2,3-丁二醇的收率为0.981,摩尔分率为0.150。     

厌氧发酵生产丁二酸的动力学模型

引言 丁二酸(butanedioic acid)作为C4平台化合物,可以用于合成1,4-丁二醇、四氢呋喃、γ-丁内酯等有机化学品以及聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)类生物可降解材料,被美国能源部认为是未来12种最有价值的生物炼制产品之一.     

2,3-丁二醇发酵液的絮凝除菌与絮凝细胞的循环利用

研究了用壳聚糖/海藻酸钠复合絮凝剂处理2,3-丁二醇发酵液的工艺条件,以絮凝率为指标,考察了壳聚糖分子量、壳聚糖用量、海藻酸钠助凝剂用量、发酵液pH值、搅拌时间等因素对处理效果的影响,确定了适于2,3-丁二醇发酵液体系的絮凝工艺. 结果表明,最佳操作条件为壳聚糖分子量40 kDa,壳聚糖用量0.375 g/L,海藻酸钠助凝剂用量0.250 g/L,发酵液pH 5.0,搅拌时间30 min,静置1 h. 该条件下,絮凝率可达98%以上,2,3-丁二醇保留率约为99%,且絮凝后上清液清澈、透明. 絮凝后的菌体可再次利用,发酵过程中菌体最高浓度(OD值)可达13.5,其转化能力与絮凝前相当.     

Reactive extraction of 2,3-butanediol from fermentation broth

Biochemical 2,3-butanediol is a renewable material, but the lack of an effective separation process limits its industrial application. We developed an effective separation process to recover 2,3-butanediol from fermentation broth by reactive-extraction with ion-exchange resin HZ732 as catalyst. n-Butylaldehyde was used as both reactant and extractant. Feasible operation conditions were obtained as follows: room temperature, C _cat =200 g·L^?1, three-stage cross-current extraction, with reactant ratio (V _{Butylaldehyde} : V _{fermentation broth} ) 0.05 for each stage. Reactive-extraction can recover over 98% of 2,3-butanediol in the form of 2-propyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane from fermentation broth. Then 2,3-butanediol was obtained by hydrolyzing 2-propyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and purified by vacuum distillation. The total yield rate of 2,3-butanediol through the process was over 94% and purity of final product reached 99%.     

盐析萃取菊芋发酵液中的2,3-丁二醇(英文)

The removal of solid impurities and separation of target products from a fermentation broth is becoming more tedious with the utilization of lignocelluloses as source of substrate.2,3-Butanediol,an important chemical used widely is also a main product of sugar-based fermentation carried out by Klebsiella pneumoniae.In this study,we investigated the use of salting-out extraction(SOE) that employed a K2HPO4/ethanol system consisting of 21% ethanol and 17% K2HPO4(mass fraction) to separate 2,3-butanediol from the viscous Jerusalem artichoke-based fermentation broth.After SOE,about 98% of solid matters was removed,and the viscosity decreased from 72.5 mPa s in the original fermentation broth to 4.4 mPa s in the top phase.The partition coefficient and yield of 2,3-butanediol reached 13.4 and 99%,respectively,and 89% of soluble proteins was removed from the broth.The results showed that SOE is an efficient way for isolating 2,3-BD from a highly viscous fermentation broth by removing much of the solid matters within the broth.     

Reactive-extraction of 2,3-butanediol from fermentation broth by propionaldehyde: Equilibrium and kinetic study

An effective process was developed to separate 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from fermentation broth (FB) by reactive-extraction. Propionaldehyde (PRA) was used as reactant and reaction product 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (EDD) acted as extractant. HCl was selected as catalyst. Appropriate conditions were obtained by experiment as follows: 10 °C, C _HCl =0.2mol·L^?1, two-stage cross-current extraction, reactant volume ratio (V _PRA : V _FB ) for first stage and second stage is 0.10 and 0.05, respectively. The yield rate of 2,3-butanediol for the whole process can reach 90% w/w, and 2,3-butanediol in the final product can be more than 99% w/w. The novel process required less solution and especially had advantages in treating dilute fermentation broth. Furthermore, equilibrium and kinetic study were investigated on the reaction of propionaldehyde and 2,3-butanediol to provide basic data for process development. The results reveal that reaction enthalpy and activation energy of the reaction were ?21.84±2.38 KJ·mol^?1 and 51.97±2.84 KJ·mol^?1, respectively. Kinetics was well described by pseudo-homogeneous model.     

2,3-丁二醇分离纯化中反应精馏工艺

乙醛-环己烷反应萃取体系能够有效分离发酵液中的2,3-丁二醇。文章重点研究了2,3-丁二醇-乙醛反应萃取液的连续水解精馏工艺,为工业化生产提供理论基础。水解精馏使用阳离子交换树脂HZ732为水解催化剂,以2,4,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环(2,3-丁二醇-乙醛缩醛)水解率为指标,考察了反应段温度、反应段级数、进料速度、进料油水比(2,4,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环和水摩尔比)和回流比的影响。通过实验得到优化水解精馏工艺条件为:反应段平均温度90℃,反应段理论板数为20,进料油水比为0.6,进料速度0.2 h-1。在该条件下2,4,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环水解率为73%,未水解2,4,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环被回收。水解液经精馏得到2,3-丁二醇产品,纯度(质量分数)>96%,总收率≥93%。开发了连续水解精馏工艺,为整个工艺工业化实践提供了参考。     

EXTRACTION OF ACETOIN FROM FERMENTATION BROTH USING AN ACETONE/PHOSPHATE AQUEOUS TWO-PHASE SYSTEM

An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of acetone and phosphate was used to extract acetoin from fermentation broth. The influence of phase composition on partition of acetoin was investigated. When the filtered fermentation broth was used, relatively high partition coefficient (22.3) and recovery coefficient (96.4%) of acetoin were obtained by a system composed of 30% (w/w) acetone and 35% (w/w) dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. Then the system was applied to extract unfiltered fermentation broth directly, and the recovery coefficient of acetoin was 94.3%. Simultaneously, the byproduct 2,3-butanediol could also be extracted with the recovery coefficient of 93.5%. In addition, the removal of residual sucrose, cells, proteins, and prodigiosin from the fermentation broth was studied, and the removal ratios of these impurities were all above 85%. Ultimately, the recovery of phosphate in the bottom phase was explored, and the recovery coefficient could reach 93.7% through pH adjustment and dilution crystallization. The recovered phosphate also showed good ATPS extraction ability. This method provides a new possible way for the separation of acetoin from fermentation broth.     

葡萄糖和木糖双底物生物合成2,3-丁二醇的条件优化

针对利用葡萄糖和木糖合成2,3-丁二醇的Klebsiella pneumoniae XJ-Li菌,优化培养基组成与发酵条件,围绕五、六碳糖共代谢的特点,探讨简单可行的代谢调控方法. 结果表明,60 g/L葡萄糖和40 g/L木糖为碳源,5.75 g/L NH4H2PO4为氮源,pH值维持在5.5,培养温度38℃, 2,3-丁二醇浓度可达19.24 g/L. 确定了pH值调控和外源添加维生素C的调控方式,通过调节发酵过程中pH值于5.5左右,使2,3-丁二醇的产量提高了16.4%;添加60 mg/L维生素C调节培养基的氧化还原状态,可使2,3-丁二醇的产量提高44.3%,批式发酵48 h, 2,3-丁二醇终浓度可达33.47 g/L.