炼油厂氢气网络柔性优化

随着炼油厂对氢气的需求量不断扩大,氢气系统已成为炼油厂的重要组成部分。炼油厂氢气网络的优化设计既要实现总成本最小的经济性目标,还要保证各种工况下氢气系统的安全稳定运行。针对炼油厂氢气系统不断变化的工况和氢气需求,提出了炼油厂氢气网络柔性优化策略,建立了多工况下的氢气网络柔性优化混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型,并对优化模型进行了线性化处理,采用优化建模工具Lingo建模求解。采用本文提出的柔性优化策略对某炼油厂氢气网络进行了柔性优化设计,与炼油厂的原始氢气网络对比表明,柔性优化后的网络可操作性强且具有较好的柔性调节能力,既节省了大量的运行成本,又为各种工况下氢气系统的安全稳定运行提供了保障,对实际炼油厂氢气网络的优化管理起了指导作用。     

具有柔性拓扑结构的厂际多周期换热网络优化

针对厂际多周期换热网络优化,提出了一种考虑柔性设计的数学规划模型,旨在解决现有网络设计缺乏灵活性及无法适应生产波动等问题。该模型由两个子模型组成,第一个子模型通过厂际热集成的超结构模型优化各个周期内的换热网络结构,第二个子模型以年度总成本费用为目标函数,优化换热器面积与热负荷。在每个工厂内,所有换热器都具有共享功能,通过开闭阀门调整过程物流走向,改变网络结构以完成热量传递任务。案例测试表明最小网络年度总成本费用为210919.4 USD·a^-1,需要设置13台共享换热器,其中工厂1有6台,工厂2有4台,工厂3有3台。提出的厂际多周期换热网络优化模型具有设计灵活性高、应对生产环境变化能力强等特点,为企业提供了一种更为智能且高效的换热网络设计方法。     

石化企业蒸汽动力系统优化设计建模及应用

在石化企业蒸汽动力系统(SPS)热力学分析与数学规划集成优化策略的指导下,建立了多周期设计与运行协同优化的混合整数线性规划模型(MILP)。通过热力学效率、电热供应比2个指标筛选组合子系统,采用设计负荷离散化的方法确定SPS初始超结构,大大降低了优化设计问题模型的规模和复杂度。案例分析部分采用提出的优化设计方法和建模求解策略,得到了最优设计和运行方案,同传统设计方法相比,模型求解时间大大降低,方案可操作性大大提高,证实了文中提出的优化设计策略、筛选规则和优化设计模型的可行性和有效性。     

基于矩阵编码的遗传算法多杂质间歇用水网络优化

针对多杂质间歇用水网络优化设计问题,建立了以新鲜水用量最小为目标的混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型,并提出基于矩阵编码的遗传算法和信赖域序列二次规划(trust region sequential quadratic programming,TRSQP)法相结合的求解策略。本文采用矩阵编码方法为时间条件约束提供了方便,从而使用水单元之间水回用关系更加清晰明确;采用基于矩阵编码的遗传算法对整数变量进行优化,采用TRSQP法对连续变量进行优化,集成应用两种方法进行优化求解,从而获得MINLP模型的最优解;并借助MATLAB软件进行编程并实现。利用本文所提出的求解方法和策略对文献中2个典型案例进行求解,求解结果均优于文献数据。实例计算表明,本文所提求解方法是可行的。     

间歇用水系统中废水回用与集中再生处理的调度优化设计方法

针对间歇用水系统建立了废水回用与废水集中再生处理协调运行和调度优化的数学规划设计模型。在多周期运行条件下,以保证循环周期中水系统最优运行为目标,提出了消除不同操作周期下储罐中水量和浓度波动的多周期反算求解策略,并确定了多周期操作下优化的用水网络。通过单杂质间歇用水系统实例阐明了所提出方法的有效性,为具有废水集中再生处理的间歇用水系统从启动到稳定的多周期操作和设计提供依据。     

石化园区厂际提纯回用氢气系统优化

石化园区化肥厂、乙烯厂等富氢气体送往炼油厂,能够缓解炼油厂的氢气亏缺,因而石化园区厂际氢气系统优化具有重要的意义.本文构建了石化园区厂际提纯回用氢气系统超结构模型,以年度化总费用为目标函数,建立优化的数学模型,使用商业优化软件GAMS平台建模,用DICOPT作为求解器.对某石化园区的氢气系统进行了优化,结果表明,总的年度化费用比现行的系统降低了33.1%.     

考虑冗余控制的多周期换热网络设计

实际多周期换热网络的设计不但要满足多个离散周期的操作条件要求,还应该满足单个周期下的柔性要求,以补偿实际操作中单周期下可能出现的参数波动。而根据工程经验增加换热面积裕量和采用文献中的最大面积思想进行设计,都会造成多周期换热网络中换热面积的过度冗余,导致资源的浪费和投资成本的增加。针对以上问题,在综合考虑多周期操作条件要求和单周期柔性要求的基础上,提出了一种控制面积冗余的多周期换热网络设计方法。该方法首先在单周期换热网络集成的基础上获取一个初始的多周期换热网络设计方案。然后以此方案为基础,构建一个基于单周期换热网络模型和柔性分析模型的换热网络修正模型,并通过求解该模型获得初始多周期换热网络在各周期下的最优修正方案。通过综合初始多周期换热网络设计和修正方案,即可完成最终的多周期换热网络设计。最后,通过将所得多周期换热网络与文献中所得结果进行对比,验证了方法的有效性。     

多周期操作工况下换热网络的弹性设计

提出了基于专家系统的多周期换热网络的超结构形式及弹性设计方法。首先通过专家系统确定各周期操作工况下物流的分流及匹配禁止情况,在此基础上建立网络多周期操作工况下的超结构模型;然后用遗传算法对上述模型进行求解;最后用分解协调法对网络结构和匹配单元同时进行优化。该方法不仅能自动地合成多周期操作工况的换热网络最优流程结构,而且能同时满足网络在各操作工况下的各种工艺限制条件。最后,通过某个换热网络的最优合成设计,说明本方法的有效性和应用前景。     

基于模糊规划的质量负荷不确定水网络的综合

针对单组分质量负荷不确定的工业用水网络综合,提出了修正的对称模糊规划（SFLP）模型,同时提出了用水网络设计的多目标混合整数对称模糊规划模型,以及求解这一问题的主目标设定法策略.对多个算例问题进行求解,结果表明,本文提出的模型以及求解策略对负荷不确定的工业用水网络的综合问题有良好的适用性,能有效避免退化解,从而获得优化流程设计.     

多周期操作工况下热换网络的弹性设计

提出了基于专家系统的多周期换热网络的超结构形式及弹性设计方法。首先通过专家系统确定周期操作工况下物流的分流及匹配禁止情况。在此基础上建立网络多周期操作工况下的超结构模型;然后用遗传算法对上述模型进行求解。最后用分解协调法和网络结构和匹配单元同时进行优化。该方法不仅自动地合成多周期操作工况的换热网络最优流程结构,而且能同时满足网络在各操作工况下的各种工艺限制条件,最后,通过某个换热网络的最优合成设计     

采用两种中间介质的工业园区厂际余热集成

发挥园区集群效应，借助中间介质回路将工业园区中各单厂内的余热于厂际间进一步回收利用，能够显著提高园区整体能源效率。其中，中间介质回路的设置与介质的选择将关系到整个余热回收系统的最优设计与节能效果。因此，不同于目前研究仅采用一种中间介质的集成策略，同时选用热水和导热油为介质开展厂际余热集成研究。提出耦合介质与厂内流股换热及介质流股在厂际间分配的换热器网络超结构，以年度总费用最小为目标建立MINLP热集成数学模型，优化获得包含介质回路结构与厂内换热器网络结构等内容的园区余热集成结果。最后，在一个包含3个厂的厂际余热集成案例中，分别研究了单种介质单回路、单种介质双回路及双种介质双回路3种情况，通过对比验证了所提方法的有效性。     

A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks

Techniques of process integration can be applied to conserve resources such as energy, freshwater, cooling water, hydrogen, solvent, etc. Process integration methodologies are broadly classified into two categories: methodologies based on the mathematical optimization techniques and methodologies based on the conceptual approaches of pinch analysis. In this paper, a mathematically rigorous methodology is proposed to minimize the requirement of a natural resource in a chemical process industry. The proposed methodology combines the simplicity of the pinch analysis with the mathematical rigor of mathematical optimization techniques. Conservation of resource in a chemical process industry is posed as a network flow optimization problem and a simple algebraic methodology is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The proposed algebraic methodology is mathematically proved in this paper. The proposed algorithm is numerically faster than the general mathematical optimization methods used for solving optimal resource allocation problems.     

Fuzzy optimization design of multicomponent refinery hydrogen network

Hydrogen and light hydrocarbon components are essential resources of the refinery. The optimization of the refinery hydrogen system and recovery of the light hydrocarbon components contained in the gas streams are key strategies to reduce the operating costs for sustainable development. Many research efforts have been focused on the optimization of single impurity hydrogen network, and the flowrates of the hydrogen sources and sinks are assumed to be constant. However, their flowrates vary along with the quality of crude oil and refinery processing plans. A general superstructure of multicomponent refinery hydrogen network is proposed, which considers four components, namely H₂, H₂S, CH₄ and , as well as the flowrate variations of hydrogen source and hydrogen sink. The mathematical model based on the superstructure is developed with objective functions, including the minimization of total annualized cost and the maximization of overall satisfaction of the hydrogen network. Moreover, the model considers the removal of hydrogen sulfide and the recovery of light hydrocarbon components (i.e.C₂₊, ) in the optimization. To verify the applicability of the proposed mathematical model, a simplified industrial case study with four scenarios is solved. The optimization results show that the economic benefit can be maximized by considering both the direct reuse of gas streams from high-pressure separator (HP gas stream) and from low-pressure separator (LP gas stream) and the recovery of the light hydrocarbon streams. The fuzzy optimization method can be used to guide the optimal design of the refinery hydrogen system with multi-period variable flowrates.     

基于持续节能的多周期换热网络优化设计

在石油化工工业中,换热网络的操作条件时常发生改变,尤其是结垢热阻随运行时间不断增大。针对操作条件的改变,有研究者提出多周期换热网络最优综合的设计与改造方法。但是,这些方法不涉及结垢热阻对设计结果的影响。然而,换热器结垢不可避免,传热系数随之改变,将导致操作工况偏离最优值,难以实现持续节能优化。以多周期换热网络优化为基础,提出一种基于持续节能的多周期换热网络综合设计方法,以换热网络累积总费用为目标函数,考虑换热器结垢对多周期换热网络优化结果的影响,进而实现多周期换热网络的最优综合。首先,结合示例分析换热器结垢对多周期换热网络优化结果的影响,得出考虑到结垢热阻的影响多周期换热网络在各个周期内的优化结果将改变;然后,基于持续节能优化,以换热网络累积总费用为目标函数,提出一种多周期换热网络优化方法;最后,结合示例验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

Robust planning of multisite refinery networks: Optimization under uncertainty

This paper considers the problem of multisite integration and coordination strategies within a network of petroleum refineries under uncertainty and using robust optimization techniques. The framework of simultaneous analysis of process network integration, originally proposed by Al-Qahtani & Elkamel [Al-Qahtani, K., & Elkamel, A. (2008). Multisite facility network integration design and coordination: An application to the refining industry. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32, 2198], is extended to account for uncertainty in model parameters. Robustness is analyzed based on both model robustness and solution robustness, where each measure is assigned a scaling factor to analyze the sensitivity of the refinery plan and integration network due to variations. Parameters uncertainty considered include coefficients of the objective function and right-hand-side parameters in the inequality constraints. The proposed method makes use of the sample average approximation (SAA) method with statistical bounding techniques. The proposed model was tested on two industrial-scale studies of a single refinery and a network of complex refineries. Modeling uncertainty in the process parameters provided a practical perspective of this type of problems in the chemical industry where benefits not only appear in terms of economic considerations, but also in terms of process flexibility.     

考虑不确定汽电需求的蒸汽动力系统优化设计

蒸汽动力系统优化设计不仅要保证系统全周期总费用最小,还要保证系统具有一定可操作性应对各种不确定变工况影响。本文提出了同时考虑汽电需求确定性多周期变化以及燃料、电力价格,汽电需求不确定性变化的蒸汽动力系统优化设计策略,专门提出不确定变化参数对优化目标及约束的影响以及数学表达,建立混合整数线性规划(MILP)优化模型进行求解,并应用于某石化企业蒸汽动力系统优化设计。实例设计结果表明,与按照传统策略设计结果相比,应用本文提出的考虑不确定参数的设计策略获得的优化方案,具体设计了针对不确定因素实现而对应的运行调度安排,降低年总费用,保证系统安全稳定运行,实现经济性和可操作性综合最优。     

Multi-period design of heat exchanger networks

Heat exchanger networks are an integral part of chemical processes as they recover available heat and reduce utility consumption, thereby improving the overall economics of an industrial plant. This paper focuses on heat exchanger network design for multi-period operation wherein the operating conditions of a process may vary with time. A typical example is the hydrotreating process in petroleum refineries where the operators increase reactor temperature to compensate for catalyst deactivation. Superstructure based multi-period models for heat exchanger network design have been proposed previously employing deterministic optimisation algorithms, e.g. (0005 and 0180). Stochastic optimisation algorithms have also been applied for the design of flexible heat exchanger networks recently (0110 and 0115). The present work develops an optimisation approach using simulated annealing for design of heat exchanger networks for multi-period operation. A comparison of the new optimisation approach with previous deterministic optimisation based design approaches is presented to illustrate the utilisation of simulated annealing in design of optimal heat exchanger network configurations for multi-period operation.     

Multi-period synthesis of optimally integrated biomass and bioenergy supply network

This contribution addresses the multi-period synthesis of an optimally integrated regional biomass and bioenergy supply network through a mixed-integer linear programing (MILP) approach. The production processes from different sources of biomass include first, second, and third generations of biofuels like bioethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, Fischer Tropsch diesel, and green gasoline. The aim is to maximize the sustainably viable utilization of resources by accounting for the competition between fuels and food production. An MILP model for efficient bioenergy network optimization based on four layers is extended to include several features, such as seasonality and availability of resources, enabling recycles of products and total site heat integration in order to address real-world applications with a systematic decision-making approach. The multi-period optimization of a heat-integrated biorefinery's supply network is performed through maximization of the economic performance. Economically efficient solutions are obtained with optimal selection of raw materials, technologies, intermediate and final product flows, and reduced greenhouse-gas emissions.