基于微观粒子图像测速法的微肋阵通道内流场特性研究

采用微观粒子图像测速法（Micro-PIV）,实验研究了Reynolds数（Re）=50～800范围内去离子水在微肋直径D=0.4 mm微肋阵内的绕流流场特性,获得了不同Re下错排和顺排微肋阵内的流线分布与速度场,分析了Re与微肋排布方式对旋涡结构、流速分布等流场特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,在Re=50～700范围内,错排和顺排微肋阵内均出现涡结构,当Re=800时错排微肋阵内开始发生旋涡脱落;错排微肋阵内旋涡长度随着Re的增大而增加,而对于顺排微肋阵,在低Re时旋涡长度随着Re的增大而增加,当Re≥300后,旋涡长度保持微肋间距不再增加;顺排微肋阵内主流区顺流速度较错排微肋阵大,而错排微肋阵内横向速度大于顺排微肋阵且最大值比顺排微肋阵高约25%,微肋错排布置增强了流体的掺混。     

低Reynolds数下水平管降膜滴状流动的实验研究

为了充分了解水平管降膜滴状流动现象,以水为实验流体,采用高速高清摄像仪对不同管距下水平管降膜滴状流动进行了可视化的实验研究。实验观察了低Reynolds数Re≤200、管间距s≤40 mm 范围内的管间滴状流动过程。根据流动形态的特征,将滴状流动划分为堆积滴状流、不完全滴状流、吊坠滴状流、完全滴状流和不完全回缩滴状流。依据实验结果,绘制了滴状流动形态分区图。提出了分离长度的概念,并讨论了流量对分离长度的影响。研究了低Reynolds数下液滴流动的滴落点间距与流量的关系。结果表明,滴状流的管间流动形态不仅受流量的影响,同时也受管间距的影响。分离长度随着Re的增大呈两段式线性增大。液滴流动的滴落点间距在Re≤100范围内随Re增大而减小,在100<Re≤200范围内趋于平稳。此外,分别建立了分离长度和滴落点间距与Re的关系式。     

基于停留时间分布的缠绕管内二次流研究

缠绕管内二次流能够显著强化管内传质、传热性能。通过测量缠绕管内液体的停留时间分布,利用无量纲方差σ²表征二次流强度,研究了缠绕直径、缠绕角度、缠绕管管径等结构参数对二次流的影响。结果表明：在径向流动未达到极限迁移距离的缠绕管中,随着液体Reynolds数Re的增大,σ²先减小后增大,对应缠绕管内依次出现的湍流作用区和二次流作用区;在径向流动达到极限迁移距离的缠绕管中,随着Re的增大,σ²先减小后增大最后趋于平稳,对应缠绕管内依次出现的湍流作用区、二次流作用区和二次流极限区。从湍流作用区转变为二次流作用区的临界Reynolds数Re_S随缠绕管缠绕直径和管径的减小而减小,缠绕角度对Re_S的影响较小。     

微通道内单柱绕流特性的Micro-PIV实验研究

采用微观粒子成像系统（Micro-PIV）实验研究了6<Re<300范围内微通道内D=0.4mm圆柱的绕流特性，获得并分析了不同Re下不同高度流层的速度场、涡量场、湍流强度场及回流区漩涡结构。研究结果表明，微圆柱绕流出现漩涡的第一临界Re在10左右，随着Re的增大，尾流区涡长度和宽度增加，尾流区域增大，漩涡中心后移；由于黏性阻滞，越靠近微通道壁面，主流速度越低且分布越均匀；不同高度下回流区长度相同，远离壁面的平面尾流区漩涡中心沿流动方向后移；高涡量区与高湍流强度区分布在微圆柱两侧，说明该位置流体混合较为剧烈，随着Re的增大，涡量增加，高涡量区变窄、变长，湍流强度及高湍流强度区域增大，当Re>200，不同高度流层的湍流强度差别较小。     

内插不同形状涡产生器管内层流流动与传热特性的对比分析

内插扰流元件是一种可操作性强的管内强化传热方式，其强化传热机理主要是在管内诱导产生了二次流。在均匀壁温热边界条件下，对内插不同形状涡产生器管内层流流动与传热特性进行了数值分析。研究发现：在扭带基础上裁去部分面积相同的条件下，管内插等腰梯形涡产生器的换热能力最强，直角梯形涡产生器次之，矩形涡产生器的换热能力最差，管壁上的局部Nusselt数的峰值所在圆周位置及其大小与涡产生器形状有关，而不同形状的涡产生器对管内流动的阻力系数影响较小。插入涡产生器后，管内二次流强度参数Se和平均Nusselt数Nu均随Reynolds数Re的增大而增大，二者随Reynolds数Re的变化规律具有一致性。平均Nusselt数Nu与二次流强度参数Se呈幂函数相关，内插涡产生器管内的二次流强度决定了其对流换热强度。     

磁场对熔盐射流冲击传热的影响

以永磁铁构建定磁场，进行外加磁场作用下熔盐射流冲击传热的实验研究，并得到Nusselt数Nu驻点关联式和径向分布。结果表明，在驻点区范围内，Nusselt数较无磁场作用时增大，传热得到比较明显的增强，而在壁面射流区，这种强化传热效果逐渐减弱。此外，当Reynolds数Re一定时，熔盐Nusselt数随着磁场强度的增加而增大，且驻点处强化传热效果最为显著。在Reynolds数Re=6400与磁场强度B=2800 Gs条件下，熔盐驻点Nusselt数Nu₀提高约6％，可见磁场作用对熔盐射流冲击传热具有一定的强化效果。     

微细圆管及扁平管内液-液Taylor流动特性的数值研究

微细通道内Taylor流动广泛应用于能源化工领域，为分析其相界面及阻力特性，利用相对坐标系的方法，研究了竖直圆管及扁平管内的液-液Taylor流动，讨论了通道宽高比、Reynolds数（Re）及分散相体积分数对液膜厚度和两相压降的影响。结果表明：圆管内液滴头部和尾部可以膨胀至近似球形，而扁平管内壁面的限制作用较强，液滴呈现扁平状。随Reynolds数增大，两相界面逐渐收缩，液膜厚度逐渐上升。圆管内液膜厚度比较均匀，扁平管内液膜在通道顶部较薄，而圆弧部分较厚。两相压降随Re和宽高比的增大而增大，随分散相体积分数的增大而降低。相比连续相和分散相压降，界面压降所占的比重最高，并依据模拟结果，提出了圆管及扁平管内液-液Taylor流动的压降预测公式。     

射流卷吸边界层内相干结构的实验研究

在轴对称水射流实验台上,采用单帧长曝光图像法,测量了出口Reynolds数在1849~2509范围内的卷吸边界层内流场结构。发现在流向距离L=2D~3.5D,径向距离H=D~1.25D的区域内,流场中吞噬作用和侵蚀作用两种卷吸模式交替出现。分析得到,当Re>1915时,吞噬作用所占的比例随着Re的增大而增大,当Re>2311之后,Reynolds数对该结构发生概率的影响降低;通过快速傅里叶变换得到该相干结构发生的频率在10～19Hz之间;吞噬作用发生的同时在流场中观测到一些特殊涡结构。同时采用运动单帧长曝光图像法对射流流场进行拉格朗日法观测,发现射流流场中的涡结构一般存在于湍流与非湍流界面附近。     

基于热舒适性纳米喷泉的流动与传热特性

目前关于纳米喷泉流动与传热特性及微区域热舒适度方面的研究较少,为了研究其流动与传热机理,本文基于气-液两相流模型和金刚石-乙二醇/水纳米流体高沸点、低冰点等优良特性,在有限柱体空间内建立了一种基于热舒适性的新型高效换热喷泉-“纳米喷泉”,对比研究了金刚石-乙二醇/水纳米流体、水射流工质分别对喷泉流动与传热的影响,同时讨论了纳米颗粒体积分数v和表征流体流动情况的雷诺数（Reynolds,Re）对喷泉流动与传热的影响,分析了局部温度分布、流线分布、平均温度和流体换热量在空间内的变化,并依据ASHRAE 55-1992标准和ISO7730标准对微区域的热舒适度进行了评价。结果表明：随着Re数和v增大,换热强度均得以不同程度地提升,热舒适程度也逐渐增加。Re=1.0×10⁵和Re=1.2×10⁵时,纳米颗粒体积分数从0增加至1%的换热强度提升较为明显,前后两种Re数可分别强化1.5%和2.8%;Re=1.4×10⁵时,体积分数从3%增至5%的换热强度可提升11.5%,强化效果最为明显。故较小Re数下,较低组分的纳米流体强化换热效果较好;而在较大Re数下,较高组分纳米流体的强化换热效果更好。     

水在不同接触角微柱群内的流动特征

采用向改性有机硅稀溶液中加入2%全氟辛基氟硅烷以及微纳米粒子的方法制备疏水液,通过改变微纳米粒子添加量调控疏水液固化成涂层后的表观接触角,紫铜叉排排列微柱群表面经不同疏水液处理后接触角分别为99.5°、119.5°和151.5°(水为工质),并测试流道内流动阻力和压力降。实验结果表明,相同Reynolds数(Re)下流道内摩擦因子(f)比疏水处理前有明显下降,主要是由于疏水性界面的张力作用所致;相同Re下,接触角越大,疏水涂层双重结构中微纳米凸起间距越小,去离子水与空气接触面增大,使得摩擦因子减小;随Re增加,3种涂层实验段内的减阻率均不断降低。     

Wall effects in flow past a circular cylinder in a plane channel: a numerical study

This paper describes a numerical study on the steady flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid past a circular cylinder confined in a plane rectangular channel. Using FLUENT (version 6), two-dimensional steady state computations were carried out for an uniform inlet velocity and for different values of the Reynolds numbers in the range between 0.1 and 200 and blockage ratios (ratio of the channel width to the cylinder diameter) in the range between 1.54 and 20. The flow parameters such as drag coefficient, length of the recirculation zone, and the angle of separation are presented as functions of the Reynolds number and blockage ratio. The total drag coefficient (C_D) was found to decrease with an increase in the blockage ratio (λ) for a fixed value of the Reynolds number (Re) and to decrease with increasing Reynolds number for a fixed value of λ. Similarly, for a fixed value of λ, both the angle of separation and the length of the recirculation zone increase with the increasing Reynolds number.     

CFD and experimental investigations on the micromixing performance of single countercurrent-flow microchannel reactor

Microchannel reactors are widely used in different fields due to their intensive micromixing and, thus, high masstransfer efficiency. In this work, a single countercurrent-flow microchannel reactor(S-CFMCR) at the size of ～1 mm was developed by steel micro-capillary and laser drilling technology. Utilizing the Villermaux/Dushman parallel competing reaction, numerical and experimental studies were carried out to investigate the micromixing performance(expressed as the segregation index XS) of liquids inside S-CFMCR at the low flow velocity regime.The effects of various operating conditions and design parameters of S-CFMCR, e.g., inlet Reynolds number(Re),volumetric flow ratio(R), inlet diameter(d) and outlet length(L), on the quality of micromixing were studied qualitatively. It was found that the micromixing efficiency was enhanced with increasing Re, but weakened with the increase of R. Moreover, d and L also have a significant influence on micromixing. CFD results were in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the visualization of velocity magnitude, turbulent kinetic energy and concentration distributions of various ions inside S-CFMCR was illustrated as well. Based on the incorporation model, the estimated minimum micromixing time tmof S-CFMCR is ～2 × 10~(-4)s.     

Influence of magnetic field on jet impingement heat transfer with molten salt

Experimental study of jet impingement heat transfer with molten salt under the influence of external constant magnetic field was generated by permanent magnets. Both stagnation correlation and radial distribution of Nusselt number under magnetic field were obtained. The results showed that the Nusselt number with magnetic field became higher than that without magnetic field at stagnation region and jet impingement heat transfer was comparatively enhanced, while in wall jet region, the enhancement of heat transfer was gradually weakened. In addition, when the Reynolds number was constant, the Nusselt number of molten salt increased with increasing of the intensity of magnetic field, and the most enhanced heat transfer existed at the stagnation point. Under the conditions of Reynolds number Re=6400 and the intensity of magnetic field B=2800 Gs, the stagnation Nusselt number of molten salt was about 6 % higher than that without magnetic field. It can be seen that the magnetic field may promote the jet impingement heat transfer of molten salt.     

Study on the flow characteristics and mixing performance of multi-blade combined agitator

Developing an agitator suitable for wide viscosity range is of great significance to the energy saving and efficiency improvement by the intensification of fluid flow and mixing process. The power characteristics, flow field distribution, turbulence characteristics and mixing performance of multi-blade combined (MBC) agitator under laminar to turbulent flow state were studied experimentally and numerically at the level of large eddy simulation. The predicted power curve is consistent with the experimental results. Tangential flow is the main flow in laminar flow. With the increase of Reynolds number (Re), axial and radial flows in the vessel gradually increase. When Re reaches 486, the velocity field distribution is basically the same as that in the turbulent flow. At the same energy consumption level, MBC agitator is superior to the commercial Maxblend agitator in mixing high viscosity fluid. The intensification of axial and radial flows is due to the dispersed arrangement of the blades, enabling the MBC agitator to achieve larger axial and radial flows from the transitional flow to the turbulence state. Moreover, the turbulent kinetic energy is evenly distributed and the mixing process is significantly accelerated.     

多叶片组合式搅拌桨釜内流动特性和混合性能研究

开发可适用于较宽黏度范围的搅拌桨，强化釜内的流体流动和混合过程对于搅拌釜的节能增效具有重要的意义。实验与数值模拟相结合，在大涡模拟层面研究了多叶片组合式搅拌桨（MBC桨）从层流到湍流状态下，釜内的功率特性、流场分布、湍流特性和混合性能。结果表明：预测的功率曲线与实验结果一致；层流状态下釜内以切向流动为主，随着Reynolds数（Re）的增大，釜内轴向和径向流动逐渐增强，当Re达到486时，速度场分布与湍流状态下基本一致；在相同的能耗水平下，MBC桨对高黏度流体的混合性能优于商业Maxblend桨。桨叶的分散组合布置，强化了釜内的轴向和径向流动，使得MBC搅拌桨在从过渡流到湍流状态下均可实现较大的轴径向流动，湍动能分布较为均匀，混合过程显著加快。