水为反应介质制备亚乙基硫脲的化学反应历程

以水为反应介质、以二硫化碳和乙二胺为原料制备亚乙基硫脲（促进剂ＮＡ－２２或ＥＴＵ）的反应分两步进行：第一步是二硫化碳在水的作用下与乙二胺进行加成反应生成中间产物ＮＨ２（ＣＨ２）２ＮＨＣＳＳＨ（乙胺替氨基荒酸）；第二步是乙胺替氨基荒酸在水的作用下环化得最终产物亚乙基硫脲。修正了传统上中间产物为Ｎ＋Ｈ３（ＣＨ２）２ＮＨＣＳＳ－的观点     

含磷的金属螯合剂—N,N,N‘,N’—烃基二氨基四亚甲基膦酸的合成研究（Ⅲ）

ＥＤＴＭＰ［Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－乙二氨基四亚甲基膦酸］和ＨＤＴＰ［Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－１，６－己二氨基四亚甲基膦酸］是一类重要的金属螯合剂。以甲醛、三氯化磷、乙二胺和己二胺为原料合成了ＥＤＴＭＰ和ＨＤＴＰ，经柱色谱分离，产率在５６％以上，含量大于９８％。     

络合滴定中常用的指示剂EDTA

ＥＤＴＡ(ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｄｉａｍｉｎｅｔｅｔｒａａｃｅｔｉｃａｃｉｄ)是乙二胺四乙酸 (俗称乙底酸 )的英文缩写。它是无色结晶性固体 ,在 2 4 0℃分解 ,略溶于水 ,不溶于普通有机溶剂。ＥＤＴＡ的结构式 :ＮＣＨ2- ＣＨ2 ＮＨＯＯＣＨ2 ＣＨＯＯＣＨ2 ＣＣＨ2 ＣＯＯＨＣＨ2 ＣＯＯＨ　　ＥＤＴＡ是含有羧基 (硬碱 )和氨基 (中间碱 )的螯合剂。其分子中两个羧基上的Ｈ 转移到Ｎ原子上 ,形成双极离子 ,用Ｈ4Ｙ表示。由于它的分子中含有两个氨氮 ( - ¨Ｎ <)与四个羧氧基 ,因此有氨氮与羧氧的络合能力 ,几乎能与所有的金属离子络合。Ｅ…     

CATION－ENHANCED INTRAMOLECULAR PHOTODIMERI－ZATION AND EXCIMER FORMATION OF POLYE－THERS BEARING NAPHTHALE

ＣＡＴＩＯＮ－ＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＤＩＮＴＲＡＭＯＬＥＣＵＬＡＲＰＨＯＴＯＤＩＭＥＲＩ－ＺＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＥＸＣＩＭＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＯＬＹＥ－ＴＨＥＲＳＢＥＡＲＩＮＧＮＡＰＨＴＨＡＬＥＮＥＣＨＲＯＭＯＰＨＯＲＥＳＴ＿（ＯＮＧ）Ｚ＿（ＨＥＮ－ＨＥ...     

含磷的金属螯合剂──N，N，N＇，N＇－烃基二氨基四亚甲基膦酸的合成研究（Ⅲ）

ＥＤＴＭＰ［Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－乙二氨基四亚甲基膦酸］和ＨＤＴＰ［Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－ｌ，６－己二氨基四亚甲基膦酸］是一类重要的金属螯合剂。以甲醛、三氯化磷、乙二胺和己二胺为原料合成了ＥＤＴＭＰ和ＨＤＴＰ，经柱色谱分离，产率在５６％以上，含量大于９８％。     

玉米田除草剂甲酰胺磺隆（foramsulfuron）

1　产品简介甲酰胺磺隆 (试验代号 :ＡＥＦ 130 360 ,通用名称 :ｆｏｒａｍｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ ,商品名称 :Ｃｏｒｎｓｔａｒ、康施它 ,其它名称 :甲酰氨磺隆 )是由安万特公司开发的新型磺酰脲类除草剂。ＨＯＨＮＣＯＮ(ＣＨ3) 2ＳＯ2 ＮＨＣＯＮＨ ＮＮＯＣＨ3ＯＣＨ3分子式 :Ｃ17Ｈ2 0 Ｎ6Ｏ7Ｓ　分子量 :4 5 2 4 4化学名称为 1- (4 ,6-二甲氧基嘧啶 - 2 -基 )- 3- (2 -二甲基氨基羰基 - 5 -甲酰氨基苯基磺酰基 )脲 ,英文化学名称为 1- (4 ,6-ｄｉｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｙｒｉｍｉｄｉｎ - 2 -ｙｌ) - 3- (2 -ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｃａｒｂａｍｏｙ…     

HDI缩二脲多异氰酸酯的合成

引　言ＨＤＩ缩二脲是指用ＨＤＩ(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯 ,ＮＣＯ— (ＣＨ2 ) 6—ＮＣＯ)和另一组分合成的具有缩二脲结构 (ＮＣＯ—ＮＨ—ＣＯ—ＮＨ— )的多异氰酸酯预聚物 ,属于脂肪族聚氨酯涂料广泛使用的固化剂之一 .脂肪族聚氨酯涂料因其具有其他类涂料无可比拟的耐候性和高装饰性 ,近年来在飞机蒙皮漆、汽车面漆、建筑外墙涂料等方面的应用越来越广泛 ,需求量逐步增加[1] .其中最广泛使用的固化剂是ＨＤＩ缩二脲多异氰酸酯 .生产该化合物的过程中 ,ＨＤＩ与水反应合成缩二脲反应体系的副反应非常多 ,产物组成很复杂 .如何控制反应过程 ,…     

农药新品种几近年开发的国外农药新品种（8）

四唑嘧磺隆 (ａｚｉｍｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ)ＯＣＨ３ＯＣＨ３ＮＮＳＯ２ＮＨＣＯＮＨＣＨ３ＮＮＮＮＣＨ３Ｈ３ＣＮＮＣ13Ｈ16 Ｎ10 Ｏ5Ｓ4 2 4 4中文通用名称　四唑嘧磺隆英文通用名称　ａｚｉｍｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ(ＢＳＩ ,ＩＳＯ)商品名称　Ｄｙｎａｍ ;Ｅｘｐｅｒｔ其它名称ＤＰＸＡ - 8947;ＩＮ -Ａ8947;Ａ8947;ＪＳ - 458化学名称1 -〔( 4 ,6-二甲氧基嘧啶 - 2 -基 ) - 3-〔1 -甲基 - 4- ( 2 -甲基 - 2Ｈ -四唑 - 5-基 )吡唑 - 5-基磺酰基〕脲1 - ( 4 ,6-ｄｉｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｙｒｉｍｉｄｉｎ - 2 - ｙｌ) - 3-〔1 -ｍｅｔｈｙｌ- 4- ( 2…     

近年来开发的农药新品种

介绍世界上主要一些公司开发的并已经商品化的化学农药 (时间限于 1997年以后 ) ,为叙述方便按公司字母顺序介绍。(一 )Ａｂｂｏｔｔ1　植物生长调节剂Ｈ2 ＮＯＮＨ2ＣＯ2 Ｈ通用名　ａｍｉｎｏｅｔｈｏｘｙｖｉｎｙｌｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ商品名　ＡＶＧ ,Ｒｅｔａｉｎ氨基乙氧乙烯基甘氨酸ＡＶＧ ,Ｒｅｔａｉｎ是一种植物生长调节剂 ,防止苹果等落花、落果 ,并延长贮藏时间。 1998年进入市场。(二 )Ａｖｅｎｔｉｓ2　除草剂ＯＣ2 Ｈ5ＯＳＯ2 ＮＨＣＯＮＨ ＮＮＯＣＨ3ＯＣＨ3通用名　ｅｔｈｏｘｙｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ ,Ｈｏｅ - 0 95 4 0 4商品名　…     

含有弱金属-氮键的磷钼酸有机衍生物的研究

［（ＥＤＴＢ）Ｍ］（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）２和Ｈ３ＰＭｏ１２Ｏ４０在无水乙醇中反应得到［（ＥＤＴＢ）Ｍ］（ＨＰＭｏ１２Ｏ４０），Ｍ为Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ，ＥＤＴＢ为Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ′，Ｎ′－四［（２－苯并咪唑）甲基］－１，２－乙二胺。测定了它们的ＩＲ、ＨＮＭＲ、紫外－可见光谱和元素分析以及对酯化和乙酸环己酯热消除反应的催化活性。     

1,2-环氧环己烷与2-环己烯-1-酮的等压汽液平衡

Green oxidation of cyclohexene using dioxygen as oxidizing agent is highly desirable because of its environmental compatibility and economic impact. Separation of its oxidation products depends on the reliable vapor- liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of relevant components, which are still lacking. The VLE data of binary system 1,2-epoxycyclohexane and 2-cyclohexen-1-one under ambient pressure were obtained using an improved VLE equipment EC-2 still in this work. The results showed that this binary system has no azeotropic point. Furthermore, the experimental VLE data were correlated with the Wilson thermodynamic model and the corresponding binary interaction parameters of the model were obtained. The results showed that the VLE data agreed well with the model and passed the thermodynamic consistency test of Herrington.     

BP网络用于计算含C2H4体系高压汽液相平衡

利用Levenberg Marquart优化算法,对含C2H4体系的高压汽液相平衡建立三层前向BP神经网络模型,其中,输入节点为温度(T),各组分液相组成(x1,x2);输出节点为压力(p),汽相组成y。结果表明,预测结果与实验数据有良好的一致性,所构建的神经网络对进一步研究高压汽液相平衡具有一定的指导意义。     

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for mixtures of tetrahydrofuran, 2-propanol, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 101.3 kPa

Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) at 101.3 kPa have been determined for a ternary system (tetrahydofuran + 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) and its constituent binary systems (tetrahydrofuran + 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane). The activity coefficients of liquid mixtures were calculated from the modified Raoult's law. Thermodynamic consistency tests were performed for all VLE data. The VLE data of the binary mixtures and ternary mixtures were correlated using the Margules, Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC activity-coefficient models. The models with their best-fitted interaction parameters of the binary systems were used to predict the ternary vapor–liquid equilibrium. All VLE data are also used to calculate the reduced excess molar Gibbs free energy g^E/RT and the deviations in the boiling point ΔT. The calculated quantities of g^E/RT and ΔT were fitted to variable-degree polynomials in terms of liquid composition.     

α-蒎烯+柠檬烯和对伞花烃+柠檬烯体系常压汽液平衡的测定与关联

利用改进的Ellis平衡釜测定了α-蒎烯+柠檬烯和对伞花烃+柠檬烯两个二元体系在100.7 kPa条件下的汽液平衡数据, 所测数据符合热力学一致性。以压力为目标函数使用最小二乘法拟合了Liebermann-Fried、Wilson、NRTL、UNIQUAC模型能量参数, 并将4个溶液模型的汽液平衡计算结果与UNIFAC模型的计算结果做比较。结果显示Liebermann-Fried模型对等压汽液平衡数据的拟合效果较精确。     

101.3 kPa 下环氧环己烷-环己酮气液平衡的测定及关联简

Many by-products are generated in the process of oxidizing cyclohexene to produce 1,2-epoxycyclohexane by hydrogen peroxide, including cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, etc. To obtain high-purity 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, the by-products must be removed through rectification. Refining 1,2-epoxycyclohexane through rectification requires vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） data of the related system. Therefore, the VLE data of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane- cyclohexanone system were measured at 101.3 kPa using an improved EC-2 VLE still. The thermodynamic consistency of the data was then tested by Herington＇s method and the rigorous point-to-point method. The results obtained were exemplary. The VLE data were correlated by the Wilson and non-random two-liquid （NRTL） equations, using the error sum squares of the vapor composition as the objective function to obtain the model parameters. The difference between the calculated values and the experimental data is minor, indicating that the VLE data are suitable for engineering design.     

苯-烯烃-N-甲基吡咯烷酮汽液平衡的研究

N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作为优良的萃取剂,广泛地被用于芳烃的抽提中,但其与苯及C6～C8烯烃之间的汽液平衡基础数据却极为贫乏.采用CE-2型汽液平衡数据测定仪,测定了常压下苯-1-己烯-NMP、苯-1-庚烯-NMP、苯-1-辛烯-NMP三组三元汽液平衡数据;对三组三元体系,分别以实测数据用Wilson、NRTL和UNIQUAC模型进行了关联,所得三元体系汽相组成计算值和实测值的平均偏差均较小(分别小于0.00839,0.00926和0.00802).研究结果补充了苯-烯烃-N-甲基吡咯烷酮的三元汽液平衡数据,为实际工程应用提供了基础数据.     

部分互溶体系4-甲基-2-戊醇和水的过量焓研究

本文使用LKB-2107型流动式微量热计测量了在293.15K、298.15K、303.15K和常压下部分互溶体系4甲基2戊醇和水的过量焓,并将所得结果用Rcdlich-Kister方程关联. 富醇区数据还用NRTL模型进行了关联,并推算出常压下汽液平衡数据.推算值与实验值比较,汽相组成和泡点的平均偏差分别为0.02摩尔分率和1.03K.     

Absorption of carbon dioxide in piperazine activated concentrated aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol solvent

In this work new experimental data on the rate of absorption of CO₂ into piperazine (PZ) activated concentrated aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) over the temperature range 303–323 K are presented. The absorption experiments have been carried out in a wetted wall contactor over CO₂ partial pressure range of 5–15 kPa. PZ is used as a rate activator with a concentration ranging from 2 to 8 wt% keeping the total amine concentration in the solution at 40 wt%. The physical properties such as density and viscosity of concentrated aqueous AMP+PZ, as well as physical solubility of CO₂ in concentrated aqueous AMP+PZ, are also measured. New experimental data on vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) of CO₂ in these concentrated aqueous solutions of AMP+PZ in the temperature range of 303–323 K have also been presented. The VLE measurements are carried out in an equilibrium cell in CO₂ pressure range of 0.1–140 kPa. A thermodynamic model based on electrolyte non-random two-liquid (eNRTL) theory is used to represent the VLE of CO₂ in aqueous AMP+PZ. Liquid phase speciations are estimated considering the nonideality of concentrated solutions of the amines and the calculated activity coefficients by eNRTL model. The CO₂ absorption in the aqueous amine solutions is described by a combined mass transfer-reaction kinetics model developed according to Higbie's penetration theory. The model predictions have been found to be in good agreement with the experimental results of the rates of absorptions of CO₂ into aqueous AMP+PZ.     

常压下环己烯-环氧环己烷二元汽液平衡数据的测定和关联

用分子氧对环己烯直接进行环氧化涉及到的内容之一是环己烯与环氧环己烷的分离.为了为二者的分离提供基础物性数据,采用了改进的EC-2型汽液平衡釜测定了常压下(101.33kPa)环己烯(1)-环氧环己烷(2)二元体系的汽液平衡数据,所得结果经检验符合热力学一致性.用Wilson方程对所测的汽液平衡数据进行了关联,求出了Wilson方程交互作用参数,并对汽液平衡的计算值与实验值进行了比较,发现二者偏差较小,可以满足工程上环己烯、环氧环己烷分离设计的需要.     

高压下NH_3-H_2O-CO_2-N_2-H_2五元系汽液平衡测定和计算

本文从实用目的出发,提供一个高压下NH_3-H_2O-CO_2-N_2-H_2五元体系汽液平衡计算模型.本模型结构为:(1)以NH_3-H-2O-CO_2三元系为基础,液相内的平衡运用分子热力学原理——离解平衡、电荷平衡、质量平衡三原则;并以Prausnitz提供的NH_3-H_2O二元系双曲正切函数活度系数模型为骨架,建立了宽广的氨水浓度范围内[NH_310一90%(mass)]的NH_3-H_2O-CO_2三元系的汽液平衡计算方法.(2)对于高压下NH_3-H_2O-CO_2-N_2-H_2五元系,汽相非理想性,本文用PHS状态方程计算汽相逸度系数.本模型的适用性已被实验测定值及文献数据所证实,实验值与计算值一致.