Span80-Tween60/液体石蜡/AM/AA反相微乳液体系稳定性研究

用电导法研究了表面活性剂 HLB 值、单体配比和电解质浓度对反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,表面活性剂Span80与Tween60复配且HLB值为7.48,单体AM与AA质量含量为33%时且AM与AA的质量比为9︰1,加入具有盐析效应的质量浓度为50 g/L或100 g/L NaCl时,制备的Span80-Tween60/液体石蜡/AM/AA反相微乳液体系稳定性最好.     

O/W型微乳液的制备及稳定性的研究

以Span80和Tween20作为复合表面活性剂,环己烷作为油相,采用滴加法在高速剪切作用下制备了性能稳定的O/W型微乳液。分别研究了Span80/Tween20质量比、Span80/Tween20用量、水滴加量、环己烷用量、乳化温度等因素对微乳液平均粒径的影响。当Span80/Tween20质量比为1∶1,Span80/Tween20用量16g,水滴加量30g,乳化温度30℃,环己烷用量5g时,制备的微乳液平均粒径最小(为50.15nm),且分布均匀。其稳定性研究结果表明:微乳液经过10000r/min高速离心能保持很好的稳定性,放置60d后,10000r/min高速离心依然稳定存在。     

可水致褪色的白板笔墨水的制备及配方优化

以乙醇为溶剂,醇溶性荧烷染料为着色剂,Fe3+为显色剂,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)为成膜剂,乳化剂OP-10为表面活性剂,添加适量环糊精,制备了一种书写流畅、色彩纯正、可水致褪色的白板笔墨水。考察了显色剂(Fe3+)与荧烷染料的络合比、成膜剂PVB、表面活性剂OP-10、环糊精用量以及搅拌时间等对墨水性能的影响。结果表明,当乙醇为墨水质量的87.1%,成膜剂2.2%,表面活性剂1.6%,环糊精3.3%,显色剂:染料的物质的量比为1∶1,搅拌时间为3 h,墨水书写流畅,性能稳定,无刺激性气味,可以用清水褪色,适合市售白板书写。     

可水致褪色的白板笔墨水的制备及配方优化

以乙醇为溶剂,醇溶性荧烷染料为着色剂,Fe3+为显色剂,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)为成膜剂,乳化剂OP-10为表面活性剂,添加适量环糊精,制备了一种书写流畅、色彩纯正、可水致褪色的白板笔墨水。考察了显色剂(Fe3+)与荧烷染料的络合比、成膜剂PVB、表面活性剂OP-10、环糊精用量以及搅拌时间等对墨水性能的影响。结果表明,当乙醇为墨水质量的87.1%,成膜剂2.2%,表面活性剂1.6%,环糊精3.3%,显色剂:染料的物质的量比为1∶1,搅拌时间为3 h,墨水书写流畅,性能稳定,无刺激性气味,可以用清水褪色,适合市售白板书写。     

水溶性电泳漆稳定性研究

由阴离子表面活性剂, 非离子表面活性剂, 偶联剂组成的复配型分散剂, 比单独使用表面活性剂作分散剂更有利于电泳漆液颜料的分散及稳定。阐述了不同分散剂的组成对丙烯酸阴极电泳液稳定性的影响     

表面活性剂对球形纤维素珠体得率的影响

在成球过程中,分散剂种类及用量对珠体得率及粒径均有很大的影响。以N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)和程序降温法制得的球形纤维素珠体为实验原料,以Span85、Tween80、Tween85、Span80和油酸钠等表面活性剂为分散剂,系统地研究了单种表面活性剂及表面活性剂混合对珠体制备的影响。实验结果表明,以Tween85为分散剂,用量为1.0%时,珠体得率最高,可达98.5%。以Tween85与十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的混合物(用量为4.0%)、Span85与Tween80的混合物(用量为1.5%)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与SDS的混合物(用量为1.5%)为分散剂,所得球形纤维素珠体得率分别达到96.6%、95.8%、80.0%。     

水溶性电泳漆稳定性研究

由阴离子表面活性剂，非离子表面活性剂，偶联剂组成的复配型分散剂，比单独使用表面活性剂作分散剂更有利于电泳漆液颜料的分散及稳定。阐述了不同分散剂的组成对丙烯阴极电泳液稳定性的影响。     

物理成孔剂水洗工艺的改进

将表面活性剂引入到硅橡胶泡沫成孔剂的水洗工艺中,结果表明,加入非离子表面活性剂能有效提高尿成孔剂的水洗速率,当非离子表面活性剂OP-10的质量分数为0.3%,水洗温度为60℃,换水频率为1/3 h-1,样品与OP-10水溶液的质量比为1∶10时,水洗56 h后,成孔剂基本上全部溶出。     

中性墨水用碳黑色浆的分散稳定性

通过分散剂的筛选,研制了配置中性笔墨水的水性碳黑色浆. 提出了用于表征碳黑色浆分散稳定性的离心分离-吸光光度方法,并初步实验验证了其可行性. 优化了分散剂的用量,并研究了砂磨时间对色浆存储稳定性的影响. 结果表明,具有芳环结构的高分子嵌段共聚物是制备碳黑水性色浆的优良分散剂. 以碳黑颜料为基准,当苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂铵盐溶液分散剂用量为20%、砂磨2 h时,得到平均粒径为117.1 nm的碳黑色浆,放置15 d后平均粒径为160.0 nm,具有较优的存储稳定性,以此色浆制备的中性墨水具有良好的存储稳定性和书写性能.     

超支化分散剂与表面活性剂复配对颜料分散体系的影响

超支化聚合物的合成与应用是目前研究的热点.应用自制的超支化分散剂(Hyperb舢ched dispersant,HPD)与不同的表面活性剂复配,制备水性颜料分散体系,研究其他表面活性剂种类、超支化分散剂与表面活性剂比例等条件对颜料分散体系的粒径及其分布、离心、稳定性等性能的影响.实验结果表明:超支化分散剂与非离子表面活性剂复配比为7:3、与阴离子表面活性剂复配比为6:4时,体系的分散性和稳定性较好.超支化分散剂与阴离子分散剂复配效果较好.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003