聚氨酯弹性体增韧聚甲醛改性研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)共混物,研究了共混物的流动性能、力学性能及熔融结晶行为。结果表明,两种TPU对POM均有明显的增韧效果,TPU1的增韧效果更好,当POM/TPU1的比例为100/18时,共混物的冲击强度提高了115%。     

含异氰酸酯基的低聚物和聚醚增容改性POM/TPU共混物

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)、POM/TPU/含异氰酸酯基的低聚物(Z)以及POM/TPU/Z/聚醚3种共混物。采用力学性能测试、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、傅里叶转换红外线光谱 (FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、动态力学性能分析(DMA)等,研究了3种共混物的力学性能、结晶行为及形态结构。结果表明：共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率随TPU含量的增加而提高;异氰酸酯基低聚物（Z）和聚醚在促进分散相分散、增强两相间的相容性方面发挥重要作用,降低了聚甲醛的结晶度,能够有效地提高共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率。     

热塑性聚氨酯/无机纳米粒子增韧改性聚甲醛研究

采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)和无机纳米粒子复合增韧改性聚甲醛(POM),制备了刚韧平衡的POM/TPU共混物。讨论TPU及无机纳米粒子种类、稳定剂体系及注塑工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,聚酯型TPU-2对POM增韧效果较好;纳米Ca CO3可以有效提高共混材料强度;添加抗氧剂Irganox 245制备的复合材料具有更高的断裂伸长率和冲击韧性;注塑工艺对POM/TPU复合材料性能影响较大。     

聚甲醛/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体共混增韧的研究

本文选用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 (TPU) ,用Brabender熔融挤出共混的方法对聚甲醛(POM)的改性增韧进行了研究。对POM/TPU共混体系的力学性能、流变性能、动态力学性能和形态结构进行了测试及分析。结果表明 :随着TPU用量的增加 ,共混体系的冲击强度出现峰值 ,而同时又保持了其它性能的适当水平。     

POM／TPU共混物的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出熔融共混的方法制备了聚甲醛(POM)和热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/增容剂Z共混物.考察了共混物的力学性能、摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其微观形态结构以及磨损表面形貌.结果表明:加入增容剂z可以使共混体系的相容性得到改善,提高了缺口冲击强度;当TPU的质量分数为30份时,缺口冲击强度达到13.8 kJ/m2,比纯POM提高了126%;共混物的摩擦磨损性能下降,随着TPU的用量的增加共混物的摩擦因数呈现先减小后增大趋势,而磨损量随之增大.     

二异氰酸酯增容POM/TPU共混体系的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备出聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)共混物,选用两种不同结构的二异氰酸酯为增容剂,研究了二异氰酸酯对POM/TPU共混物性能的影响;通过红外和DSC分析,讨论了二异氰酸酯在POM/TPU增韧体系中的作用机理。结果表明:二异氰酸酯的加入提高了共混物的韧性,改善了其拉伸和弯曲性能;二异氰酸酯可以与POM末端羟基发生化学反应,从而改善POM/TPU共混物的相容性;而二异氰酸酯的增容效果与其官能团和TPU的相容性有关。     

POM/TPU共混合金的增韧与断裂行为研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混合金。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了POM/TPU共混合金的两相形态,借助Considere作图法从唯象角度分析了TPU对POM基体的增韧行为,利用Newman模型和J-积分法解释分析了POM/TPU共混合金的断裂力学行为。结果表明,在POM/TPU共混合金中,TPU与POM具有良好的黏结效果;TPU有利于POM形成稳定的细颈,增韧效果明显;TPU能有效传递载荷,降低了POM对裂缝的敏感程度,显著提高POM的断裂韧性。     

TPU对POM低温韧性的影响

通过熔融共混法制备出聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料。采用差示扫描量热仪测试(DSC)、脆化温度测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、力学性能测试分析了TPU添加量与POM复合材料结晶度和低温性能的关系。结果表明:随着TPU添加量的增加,POM/TPU的常温和低温韧性增大,当TPU含量为10%时,POM/TPU复合材料脆性温度为-39℃,在-30℃下POM复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高了47%;TPU的加入降低了POM/TPU的结晶度,对POM有良好的低温增韧作用。     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体共混增韧聚甲醛的研究

聚甲醛（POM）共混增韧是高分子学术界迄今未能很好解决的一个世界性难题，本文采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU），应用双螺杆挤出机采用熔融共混的方法对POM增韧改性进行了研究，对POM/TPU共混体系的力学性能、流动性能和形态进行了测试分析。结果表明：随着TPU用量的增加，共混体系的冲击强度（I）和断裂伸长率（ψ）随之增加，即韧性增加，而拉伸强度（σ）、弯曲强度（σw）、弯曲模量（Ew）和硬度（H）随之降低，即刚性下降。     

热塑性聚氨酯/氯化聚乙烯共混物形态与性能的影响因素

采用机械共混法制备了热塑性聚氯酯(TPU)/氯化聚乙烯(CPE)共混物,考察了共混比(质量比,下同)对共混物加工性能、力学性能及微观形态的影响.研究了热稳定剂种类对共混物力学性能、热稳定性的影响.结果表明.加入CPE可以明显改善TPU的加工性能;在TPU与CPE的共混比分别为70/30和60/40时,TPU/CPE共混物具有较好的力学性能;TPU与CPE共混,二者的相容性较好,热稳定性均得到提高;自制环保型钙锌复合稳定剂的综合稳定作用较好,且所得共混物的力学性能也好.     

Effects of compatibilizer and testing speed on the mechanical and morphology behaviors of co‐continuous amorphous copolyester‐polyoxymethylene blends

Co‐continuous amorphous copolyester (PETG)/polyoxymethylene (POM) (50/50 wt%/wt%) blends were prepared using a twin screw extruder followed compression molding. Two types of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (i.e., polyester‐based and polyether‐based) were used to compatibilize the blends system. The thermal properties were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties of the co‐continuous PETG/POM blends were studies through flexural and single‐edge notch tensile test (SEN‐T). The SEN‐T test was performed at three different testing speeds; 1, 100, and 500 mm/min. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to access the fracture surface morphology. The flexural strength of the PETG/POM blends was decreased in the presence of TPU. This was attributed to the elastomeric nature of the TPU. The compatibilizing effects of TPU on the PETG/POM blends were proven by moderate improvement in the fracture toughness and confirmed by the SEM observation. The SEN‐T fractured surface of the compatibilized blends showed gross matrix shear yielding as compared to the uncompatibilized system. The K_c values of the PETG/POM blends decreased as the testing speed increased. The optimum toughening effect was observed in PETG/POM blends compatibilized with polyether‐based TPU at testing speed of 100 mm/min. The polyether‐based TPU is a more efficient compatibilizer, because the amount required is one‐half that of the polyester‐based counterpart to achieve the same K_c value. This was attributed to the elastomeric nature of the polyether‐based TPU. The softer nature of polyether‐based TPU could provide better toughening effect than the polyester‐based TPU, which is relatively harder in nature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:710–719, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

POM与POM/TPU共混物非等温结晶动力学的研究

利用差示扫描量热仪对聚甲醛（POM）非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,并考察了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)的加入对POM结晶动力学的影响。通过几种理论模型分析了非等温结晶数据。结果表明, Jeziorny法、莫志深法能够成功描述POM及POM/TPU共混体系的非等温结晶过程。POM的Avrami指数n稍大于POM/TPU共混物的。半结晶时间t1/2与动力学速率参数Zc的值表明POM与POM/TPU共混物的结晶速率随冷却速率的增加而增大,但相同冷却速率下POM的结晶速率要快于POM/TPU共混物。由Kissinger法估算的POM与POM/TPU共混物的活化能分别为513.5、390.5 kJ/mol。     

Studies on thermal stability and behaviour of polyacetal and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer blends

The influence of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer on the rigidity of polyacetal (polyoxymethylene, POM) was studied by determining heat deflection temperature (HDT). The higher the content of TPU in the POM/TPU blend, the lower the HDT of the blend, as would be expected. A comparative study of the recycle capability of POM and the blends was carried out by measuring melt flow index (MFI) on each successive extrusion. Stress-strain behaviour of the virgin material and that obtained after fourth-time extrusion was analysed for POM and the blends. The effect of γ-radiation on the mechanical behaviour of the blends was investigated. The kinetics of thermal degradation of POM, TPU and their blends was studied. The kinetic parameters, viz. activation energy and the order of reaction, were established. The values of the activation energy of the blends were found to be higher than those of the POM and TPU, indicating improved stability of the resultant blends.     

Polyoxymethylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with multifunctional chain extender

Novel compatibilized polyoxymethylene/thermoplastic polyurethane (POM/TPU) blends are successfully developed using multifunctional chain extender, Joncryl ADR‐4368, as the compatibilizer. The outstanding compatibilization efficiency of Joncryl on POM/TPU blend was demonstrated by its even higher mechanical properties with only 0.5 wt % of Joncryl than those with 5 wt % of three commonly used compatibilizers. Addition of only 0.5 wt % Joncryl can double the impact strength and significantly improve its tensile strength and flexural strength for POM/TPU (75/25) blend. SEM images show that Joncryl can reduce TPU particle size and enhance the interfacial interactions between POM and TPU. The interparticle distance of TPU in POM/TPU/Joncryl blends was calculated as 0.2 μm, quite close to the critical matrix ligament thickness of POM/TPU blends (0.18 μm). The impact force profile vividly shows that the addition of Joncyl in POM/TPU blends can dramatically increase the total impact energy absorbed by this blend system and enhance the interfacial interactions between POM and TPU. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

环氧聚合型扩链剂对POM/TPU共混体系的相容作用

使用环氧聚合型扩链剂作为POM/TPU共混物的相容剂,研究其对POM/TPU共混物的流变性能、力学性能、结晶性能和耐热性的影响。结果表明,添加环氧聚合型扩链剂后,POM/TPU共混物的熔体流动速率先升高然后降低;冲击强度提高,断裂伸长率大幅提高;结晶度先升高后降低;热变形温度提高。     

Impact modification of polyacetal by thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane

The main goal of this study was impact modification of polyacetal [polyoxymethylene (POM)] with thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane (TPU). We modified the impact strength of POM 10‐fold. The mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and morphology of POM/TPU blends consisting of 5 to 50% of TPU were studied. It was found that the best impact modification of the blends was at 15% concentration of TPU and the maximum elongation at break was at 30% concentration of TPU. The impact strength of POM/TPU blends can be improved by using diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as compatibilizer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2573–2582, 2002     

Toughening mechanism in polyoxymethylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

In order to better understand the toughening mechanism in polyoxymethylene (POM)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends and obtain ‘super‐toughened’ POM, we carried out an investigation on the notched impact strength, fractured surface, inter‐particle distance and spherulite size of POM as a function of the TPU content. A compatibilizer, namely polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene–butylene)‐block‐polystyrene, grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐graft‐MA), was used to enhance the interfacial interaction between the POM and TPU. The impact strength is found to increase in two steps as a function of TPU content, namely a linear increase at the very beginning, and then a jump of impact strength is seen when the TPU content is larger than 30 wt%. A ‘supertough behavior’ is not observed for POM/TPU blends at room temperature, but can be achieved after adding 5 wt% of SEBS‐graft‐MA as the compatibilizer. The impact strength was found to depend not only on the interparticle distance but also on the interfacial interactions between POM and TPU. The dependence of impact strength on crystal size is considered for the first time, and a single curve is constructed, regardless of the composition and interfacial interactions. Our results indicate that the crystal size of POM indeed plays a role in determining the toughness, and has to be considered when discussing the toughening mechanism. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚氨酯增韧聚甲醛的研究

采用机械共混的方法，制备了聚甲醛(POM)／热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合材料；研究了缺口曲率半径对纯POM以及TPU增韧体系冲击韧性的影响；并对其形态结构进行了测试分析。结果表明，纯POM的冲击韧性受缺口尖锐程度影响大，TPU能减小POM结晶度，缩小球晶尺寸，显著降低POM的缺口敏感性；POM／TPU形成双连续结构时成为超韧体系。     

Stress relaxation behavior of polyacetal–thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer blends

The yield stress of polyacetal (POM) decreases monotonically with the incorporation of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer in POM/TPU blends as would be anticipated. However, the impact strength of the resultant POM/TPU blends increases initially up to 30% TPU and thereafter decreases with the addition of TPU. Stress relaxation measurements in simple extension were carried out for POM and its blends with 10, 20, and 30% TPU at a constant temperature (30°C). Rate of loss of the relaxation modulus was found to be a nonlinear function of time. It has been demonstrated that the stress relaxation modulus values measured at different strains can be superimposed by a shift along the logarithmic time axis to yield master curves of modulus over an extended time period. It has also been found that while it is possible to determine, at any strain, relaxation curves covering an appreciable time range, the demarcation of linear and nonlinear behavior ranges of stress could not be done for these materials as all the strain values chosen in our experiments were in the region of linear behavior. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.