电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含镉废水的研究

采用电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含镉废水。考察了进水pH值、电流密度和废水的流量对镉的去除率的影响。结果表明:该技术的最佳进水pH值为8,电流密度为20A/m2,废水的流量为2L/min。在此条件下,对不同质量浓度的含镉废水进行处理,镉的去除率均在96%以上,最高可达99.55%。     

电化学技术在印染废水处理中应用

对电化学技术处理印染废水进行了实验研究,分析了工艺参数(pH值、电流密度和进水流量)对电化学处理技术的影响。实验结果证明:在进水pH值4、电流密度0.8 A/dm2、进水流量0.8 L/h条件下进行处理效果最佳。此时,出水COD小于90 mg/L,SS小于35 mg/L,色度小于56,很好满足出水水质要求。     

Fe/C微电解法处理甲基紫染料废水

利用Fe/C固定床反应器,对Fe/C微电解法处理甲基紫染料废水的反应进行了研究。考察了进水pH值、进水流量、微电解反应柱中的Fe/C体积比、反应时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明,Fe/C微电解法可较好地处理甲基紫染料废水,甲基紫染料去除率高,脱色率好,最佳工艺条件为:进水pH值3.19,水流量为0.16 mL/s,微电解反应柱中的Fe/C体积比为1∶2,反应时间为3.5 h,甲基紫的去除率可达98.2%。     

Fe-Cu-C三元固定床微电解法处理酸性品红染料废水

利用Fe-Cu-C三元固定床微电解法处理酸性品红染料废水,考察了进水pH值、进水流量、微电解反应柱中的Fe-Cu-C体积比、反应时间,对酸性品红染料去除率的影响。结果表明,反应最佳工艺条件为:进水pH值4.10,水流量为0.15 mL/s,微电解反应柱中的Fe∶Cu∶C=1∶1∶2(体积比),反应时间为300 min时,酸性品红的去除率可达96.2%。     

电化学氧化耦合絮凝技术深度处理焦化废水影响因素分析

采用了电化学氧化耦合絮凝技术处理焦化废水,研究了电流密度、pH值、水力停留时间(HRT)和絮凝剂投加量对CODCr去除效果的影响。研究结果表明,电化学氧化耦合絮凝技术处理焦化废水有较好的协同效应。当进水中CODCr的质量浓度为99 mg/L,在电流密度为30 mA/cm2,HRT为30 min,pH值为6.5,PAM投加量为600 mg/L时,CODCr去除率达到80%以上,出水水质指标稳定,并能达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。     

电渗析法处理氨氮废水研究进展

电渗析法处理氨氮废水不仅节省资源而且可以达到较高的氨氮去除率,本研究通过考察进水流量对氨氮去除率的影响,流速对电解流程长度的影响,氨氮进水浓度对处理效果影响,进水pH值对脱氮效率的影响四个方面深入探讨电渗析法处理氨氮废水工艺。通过实验结果可以得出,电渗析法处理氨氮废水其浓度在2000~5000mg/L时,去除率可以达到90%~95%。氨氮废水处理小试实验最佳处理电压为14V,膜对电压0.2V,流量42L/h。     

电吸附法处理模拟含镍废水的研究

采用电吸附法对模拟含镍废水进行处理。考察了电压、极板间距、pH值、原水的质量浓度及进水流量对Ni~(2+)去除率的影响,并在最优条件下进行循环电吸附/脱附实验。结果表明:在电压1.6V、极板间距0.8cm、pH值7.0、原水的质量浓度40mg/L及进水流量20mL/min的条件下,Ni~(2+)的去除率可以达到96.89%;经过5次电吸附循环后,Ni~(2+)的吸附性能依旧显著,Ni~(2+)的去除率保持在81.23%。     

均苯四甲酸二酐改性柚子皮对铅离子吸附性能研究

以模拟含铅废水为研究对象,实验研究均苯四甲酸二酐改性柚子皮吸附剂对铅离子的去除能力。研究改性柚子皮吸附剂的加入量、粒径大小、吸附时间、pH、温度等因素对废水中铅去除率的影响。结果表明:均苯四甲酸二酐改性柚子皮吸附法处理过的废水中铅的含量为(0.034 4±0.004 4)mg/L,耗时40 min,铅的去除率为96.56%。     

电化学氧化法处理聚氯乙烯离心母液废水

采用电化学氧化法处理低浓度难生化降解的聚氯乙烯(PVC)离心母液废水,考察了温度、极板间距、电流密度、电解时间、初始pH值等因素对COD去除率的影响。试验结果表明:在pH值为8,废水温度为45℃,极板间距为10 mm,电流密度为10 mA/cm2的条件下电解60 min, COD去除率达到91.4%。由于PVC离心母液废水pH值在8～9范围内,温度在50℃左右,因此无需调节pH值和冷却,即可采用电化学氧化法对其进行处理。     

二氧化铅电极电催化降解对氯苯酚的研究

以钛基二氧化铅电极作为阳极,铅电极为阴极,对含对氯苯酚的模拟废水进行了电解氧化处理,考察了初始浓度、电流密度、pH、电解质浓度等对化学需氧量去除率的影响。结果表明,在对氯苯酚的初始浓度为8mmol/L、电流密度10A/dm2、pH=11、支持电解质0.5mol/L Na2SO4的条件下,6h降解后化学需氧量去除率达到65.3%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.