水平椭圆多孔管外降膜沸腾传热的研究

将椭圆截面多孔表面管用于强化水平管外喷淋式降膜沸腾传热过程,研究了强化传热机理,分析了各种因素对该传热过程的影响,并将实验数据拟合成数学关联式。实验结果表明,椭圆截面多孔表面管能够显著地提高水平管外喷淋式降膜沸腾传热性能。     

铝多孔表面换热管强化沸腾换热的研究及其工业应用

对铝多孔表面管的传热性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,铝多孔表面对强化液体沸腾换热有显著效果 ,沸腾传热膜系数比光滑管提高 5～ 6倍 ;由应用实验和工业数据获得的管外铝多孔表面沸腾传热膜系数关联式 ,计算误差小于± 1 2 %。对使用铝多孔表面管的经济效益进行了深入分析。     

复合粉末多孔表面管的沸腾传热

采用管内去离子水加热管外丙酮沸腾的方法对复合粉末多孔表面管的沸腾传热特性进行了实验研究,获得了沸腾传热系数和K值随温度和几何参数的变化情况,并与国内几种多孔表面管的实验结果进行了比较,同时对多孔管的抗垢性能进行了分析.实验结果表明,多孔层孔隙率对沸腾传热系数的影响最大,多孔管的沸腾传热系数是同类型的光滑管的14倍,多孔管具有一定的抗垢性能.所得结果为该种类型多孔管的工业化应用提供了科学依据.     

铝表面常温锌系磷化工艺的研究及应用

使用自制磷化液在工业喷淋线上实现了铝材表面的锌系磷化,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪及X-射线衍射仪研究了磷化膜的表面形貌和晶体结构,研究结果表明,所得磷化膜均匀、致密、表面光滑。喷淋生产线制备的磷化膜的ρs为1.9～2.5g/m2,δ膜为1.9～2.3μm。     

表面多孔管用于硫酸锰溶液蒸发的研究

在恒温差传热条件下,以MnSO_4·H_2O水溶液为介质,研究了机械加工表面多孔管在蒸发过程中的传热和抗结垢性能。实验结果表明:在实验的传热温差和溶液浓度范围内,表面多孔管的沸腾传热系数为光滑管的2～3倍,表面多孔管的抗结垢性能也明显地优于普通光滑管。     

机械加工表面多孔管降膜沸腾传热的研究

本文报道了机械加工表面多孔管(JK-1管)水平管外降膜沸腾的传热性能及其分析.实验工质为R-113.结果表明:JK-1管降膜沸腾传热膜系数比其池式沸腾提高11—80%,比光滑管降膜沸腾提高1.7—5.2倍.通过分析,建立了一个预测值与实验值偏差在±8%以内的准则关联式.     

制冷系统用新型水平管降膜蒸发

以R134a制冷循环为基础,将水平管降膜蒸发应用于蒸发器中,通过调节不同工况来研究其换热特性。其中热通量8～40 kW·m^-2,工质的喷淋量0.005～0.04 kg·m^-1·s^-1,以光滑管为基础,对针对降膜蒸发而设计的TJX、EX两种强化管进行了实验研究,并利用修正威尔逊法进行数据处理。分析表明,降膜蒸发换热特性主要与热通量和喷淋量有关,而随着热通量的增加,每根管型传热系数在遇到临界热通量点后呈现下降趋势。此外强化表面的传热系数要明显优于光滑管,特别是具有网格槽道设计的EX管。由于实验系统是一个制冷系统,含有润滑油,发现润滑油的存在明显降低了传热系数。最后在实验基础上对光滑管换热特性进行预测,并在此基础上提出强化管的修正系数。     

烧结型多孔管管内流动沸腾传热数值模拟

建立了烧结型表面多孔管多孔层的理论模型,应用Fluent软件对去离子水在烧结型表面多孔管和光滑管竖直管内的流动沸腾进行数值模拟,得到了不同流速下的气相体积分布云图和压力场云图,并利用场协同原理分析了管内的速度、温度场.结果表明,烧结型表面多孔管具有良好的强化沸腾传热性能.同时并未大幅度增加管内压力降.此外还分析了不同体...     

润滑油对2种水平管降膜蒸发传热特性的影响

对R134a在光滑管和强化管管外降膜蒸发时,润滑油对换热特性的影响进行实验研究。蒸发温度为6℃,含油率分别为0.5%,1.2%,5.1%,工质喷淋密度分别为0.13,0.17,0.21 kg/(s·m)。结果表明:对于光滑管,管外换热系数随含油率的增加而增大;对于强化管,在低喷淋密度下,管外换热系数随含油率的增加先增大后减小,在高喷淋密度下,含油率的变化对管外换热系数影响不明显。在较高含油率下,光滑管存在一个最佳喷淋密度使管外换热系数达到最大,强化管管外换热系数受喷淋密度的影响较小;在较低含油率下,光滑管管外换热系数受喷淋密度的影响不明显,强化管管外换热系数随喷淋密度的增加先增大后减小。     

竖直多孔管降膜蒸发传热实验

研究了内表面烧结型多孔管对降膜蒸发换热效果的影响。采用单管降膜蒸发器,由壳程的蒸汽加热管程的水降膜传热。在热通量q=13~90 kW·m^-2,传热温差ΔT=2.87~9.5℃,液体Reynolds数Re_L=4500~15000 范围内,求不同工况下管内降膜传热系数,并将其与相对应的光管换热性能进行比较。比较数据可知:多孔管的管内降膜传热系数是光管的2.03 倍,总传热系数是光管的1.78 倍,多孔管强化传热效果明显。     

肋形隧道表面多孔管强化沸腾传热的研究

本文报道了肋形隧道机械加工表面多孔管(JK-2管)单管管外池沸腾实验。实验工质为R-113和R-11。实验结果表明:对R-113和R-11工质,JK-2管沸腾给热系数分别比光滑管高2.5～15倍及1～10倍,比JK-1管高20％～150％,而且,当工质为R-113时,JK-2管比光滑管的临界热负荷高约100％。并建立了一个池沸腾膜传热系数的准数关联式,其预测值和实验值的相对误差在±15％以内。     

烧结型多孔表面管外池沸腾传热特性

实验研究了热通量为0.1~160 kW·m^-2时,去离子水在光管及烧结型多孔表面管管外的池沸腾传热特性,分析了换热管布置方式(垂直与水平)、管径大小(20、25和32 mm)与多孔层颗粒尺寸(30~105 μm)对池沸腾传热特性的影响规律。结果表明:去离子水在多孔管表面的起始沸腾过热度小于光管,比光管低3 K左右;多孔表面管可明显强化核态沸腾传热,其沸腾传热系数可达光管的3~4.5倍;大热通量下,换热管水平布置时的传热效果较垂直布置佳,且布置方式对多孔管换热效果的影响比对光管的影响小;随管径增大,光管与多孔表面管的沸腾传热系数降低;大颗粒尺寸多孔层的强化效果优于小颗粒尺寸多孔层。     

表面多孔管降膜沸腾传热研究

测试了第一二代机械加工表面多孔管的单管降膜沸腾传热性能。对JK-1管和JK-2管的降膜沸腾强化传热机理作了定性分析,并根据实验数据建立了简单的经验关联式。     

波纹管强化管内沸腾传热的试验研究

分别以煤油和水为工质,对不同流速情况下波纹管和光管的管内流动沸腾传热特性进行了试验研究。试验中采用套管式换热器,依靠管外的高温热水对管内工质加热使之沸腾。在不同流速下,根据试验测量的流量和温度等参数计算管内流动沸腾传热系数。结果表明:随着气相雷诺数的提高,传热系数随之提高;相对光管,波纹管对上升流动管内沸腾传热有明显的强化作用。根据试验结果给出了波纹管管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式。     

甲醇在改进型机加工多孔管上池核沸腾换热特性的研究

测度了甲醇在９根第二代机械加工表面多孔管（ＪＫ－２管）、１根第一代机械加工表面多孔管（ＪＫ－１管）和１根光滑管上的单管饱和池沸腾传热系数,结果表明,ＪＫ－２管比ＪＫ－１管能更有效地强化甲醇的池沸腾传热。提出了一个简化的池核沸腾强化传热机理,并导出了相应的池核沸腾强化的传热关联式,该关联式与实验数据吻合良好。     

烧结型白铜多孔管在NaCl溶液中的结垢性能

采用电加热的方式,研究了换热器用烧结型多孔管与光滑铜管在NaCl溶液中的结垢性能,对污垢热阻随测量时间、溶液浓度等的变化而产生的变化进行了分析,并与机加工多孔管的数据进行了比较.实验结果表明,烧结型多孔管与普通光滑管相比确实有抗垢性能,同时为此种产品应用于海水淡化的多效蒸发装置提供了实验数据.     

Enhanced Heat Transfer Characteristics of Upward Flow Boiling of Kerosene in a Vertical Spirally Internally Ribbed Tube

Experiments of upward flow boiling of kerosene in a vertical spirally internally ribbed tube and a vertical smooth tube were conducted, respectively, in the present study. The spirally internally ribbed tube has an inner diameter of 11 mm (an equivalent inner diameter of 11.6 mm) and an outer diameter of 22 mm. The smooth tube has an inner diameter of 15 mm and an outer diameter of 19 mm. The test tubes were uniformly heated by passing an electrical current along the tubes with an available heated length of 2500 mm. At the outlet of the test section, the experimental pressure was 3 bars. The experimental heat flux ranged from 28.5 to 93.75 kW/m². The experimental mass flux was 410, 610, and 810 kg/m²s, respectively. Both local and average flow boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured in the test tubes. The enhanced heat transfer characteristics of the flow boiling of kerosene in the spirally internally ribbed tube are presented by comparing the experimental heat transfer coefficients with those obtained in the smooth tube. It shows that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients in the spirally internally ribbed tube are 1.6 to 2 times greater than those in the smooth tube. The physical mechanisms of the enhanced heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in the spirally internally ribbed tube are analyzed. According to the experimental data, an expression for the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of kerosene was found in terms of the Martinelli number for the spirally internally ribbed tube. The correlation is applicable to the design of heat exchange equipment, using the spirally internally ribbed tube as a heat transfer element under these test conditions.     

Enhancement Boiling Heat Transfer Study of a Newly Compact In‐line Bundle Evaporator under Reduced Pressure Conditions

For common flooded‐type evaporators, nucleate boiling heat transfer cannot occur on the heated tubes since heat fluxes and wall superheats of heated tubes are generally quite low. However, when the tube spacing is very small, nucleate boiling in restricted spaces can occur easily under low heat flux or low wall superheat conditions. The generation of nucleate boiling can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance of bundle evaporators. This study investigated experimentally the boiling heat transfer enhancement effects of the restricted space in compact in‐line tube bundles with smooth tubes under various reduced pressures. The experimental results show that the compact in‐line tube bundles have a significantly enhanced heat transfer compared to those of the common tube bundles, and there is an optimum tube spacing that provides the greatest heat transfer enhancement effect. The test pressures have a marked influence on the boiling heat transfer enhancement in the compact bundles. The heat transfer enhancement effect decreases with decreasing test pressure. In addition, the heat transfer enhancement effects of the in‐line tube bundles are also compared with those of the staggered bundles. Under reduced pressure, there is no significant difference between the heat transfer enhancement effects for the two types of bundles.