水热合成钛酸铋粉体的烧结性能研究

以Ri4TbO12材料为研究对象，通过：XRD，SEM，TEM和BET表征手段，探讨了固相法和水热法制备工艺，放电等离子体烧结(spark plasma sintering，SPS)和普通烧结对Bi4Ti3O12粉体烧结性能及其陶瓷显微结构的影响。水热合成法使传统固相合成钛酸铋粉体的烧结温度从1000℃降低到900℃，而SPS进一步降低了水热合成Bi4Ti3O12粉体的烧结温度约130℃；固相合成和水热合成钛酸铋粉体普通烧结后的最高体密度分别为7．94g／cm^3(98％)和7．67g／cm。(95．6％)。固相合成钛酸铋粉体普通烧结后，显微结构均匀。晶粒大约2～3gm；水热合成粉体SPS烧结后，晶粒接近等轴状，粒径尺寸介于175～200ilm之间，分布均匀，随着烧结温度的升高，Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷的晶粒从等轴状长大变成片状，并且呈现出明显的定向排列。     

钛酸铋陶瓷靶材的热压烧结

纯相、高致密度、结晶良好的陶瓷靶材是物理气相沉积薄膜的前提.采用热压烧结方法制备钛酸铋(Bi4Ti3O12)陶瓷靶材,重点研究了制备工艺对靶材的物相、微观结构和致密度的影响.以Bi2O3和TiO2微粉为原料,采用固相反应法,在800℃合成出纯相的Bi4Ti3O12粉体;加入过量3wt%的Bi2O3,可以有效防止烧结过程中因Bi挥发所产生的杂相,得到纯相的Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷;采用热压烧结方法,进一步实现了Bi4Ti3O12粉体的致密烧结,确定了适宜的制备条件为850℃,30MPa,2b,在该条件下制备的Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷致密度达到99%,晶粒呈片层状,大小约2-4μm,可满足靶材制备薄膜的需求.     

双重熔盐法制备片状BaTiO_3粉体

用双重熔盐法制备片状Bi4Ti3O12粉体,以Bi4Ti3O12为中间产物通过离子交换制备了BaTi03片状粉体,并对其工艺过程进行了优化.利用X射线衍射分析合成粉体的相结构,用扫描电子显微镜观察其显微形貌.初步探讨了BaTiO3片状粉体的生长机理.结果表明:反应温度和化学组成对中间产物Bi4Ti3O12的微观形貌具有显著影响,在1 000℃以下时,随着反应温度升高,片状尺寸增大;当相对增加Bi2O3的量时,Bi4Ti3O12片状的尺寸增大.通过离子交换制备BaTiO3时,除了模板Bi4Ti3O12的形貌对BaTiO3的晶粒生长具有影响外,反应温度和化学组成同样对BaTiO3的晶粒生长具有显著影响.合成片状Bi4Ti3O12粉体的最佳的条件为:BaTiO3与Bi4Ti3O12的摩尔比为10:1,1 000℃合成2h.     

烧成温度和热失配对莫来石-氧化锆-钛酸铝陶瓷结构及性能的影响

研究了以电融Mullite、ZrO2、Al2O3、TiO2为原料制取Mullite-Al2TiO5-ZrO2复相陶瓷过程中烧成温度及热应力对材料的结构性能的影响.发现该材料的体密度随烧成温度的变化很奇特,X-衍射表明该系统相结构非常复杂,除主晶相Mullite、m-ZrO2和Al2TiO5以外,还有次晶相MgSiO3、Mg2TiO4、Ti0.5Zr0.5O2和Al4Ti2SiO12等.晶界开裂以及大量气孔的存在是瓷体烧结困难和强度韧性低下的原因.     

MgTiO3-Bi4Ti3O12微波介质陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用传统固相法制备了Bi4Ti3O12掺杂的MgTiO3陶瓷,研究了其对MgTiO3陶瓷烧结特性及微波介电性能的影响。通过测试分析发现,Bi4Ti3O12不仅可以显著降低陶瓷的烧结温度,同时还可以大大提高其介电常数,当Bi4Ti3O12/MgTiO3摩尔比为0.02时,MgTiO3-0.02Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷的最佳烧结温度为1 150℃,介电常数为31.99。     

反应温度和时间对Bi2SiO5合成的影响

亚稳相Bi2SiO5是Bi2O3-SiO2系统最新发现的化合物晶相。利用XRD，DSC研究了反应温度和时间对Bi2SiO5合成的影响。将Bi2O3与SiO2按物质的量比1：1混合，在一定温度下处理一定时间获得生成产物。结果表明：亚稳化合物Bi2SiO3在固相反应时产生，并随温度及保温时间按一定规律变化。固相反应温度由700℃升高至900℃过程中，亚稳态Bi2SiO5逐渐转变为稳定态Bi12SiO2和Bi4Si3O12反应温度对Bi2SiO5的生成起决定性作用。750℃保温不同时间所获试样的XRD谱表明，固相反应时间延长，反应物Bi2O3的衍射峰减弱，稳定相Bi12SiO20衍射峰增强，随着反应的进行，生成物亚稳相Bi2SiO5的衍射峰减弱，反应时间过长，不利于亚稳相Bi2SiO5生成。     

溶胶-凝胶法低温合成Li_(2.06)Nb_(0.18)Ti_(0.76)O_3粉体

以五氧化二铌(Nb2O5)、一水氢氧化锂(LiOH·H2O)和钛酸四丁酯(Ti(C4H9O)4)为原料、柠檬酸为络合剂,通过调节pH值和温度,用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)成功获得透明溶胶。经700℃煅烧,用化学法合成单相钛酸锂(Li2TiO3)固溶体相(Li2.06Nb0.18Ti0.76O3)粉体,其合成温度比普通固相法的低150℃左右。用红外光谱、X射线衍射及扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)等表征柠檬酸盐前驱体及煅烧后粉体的性能,详细研究煅烧过程中晶相的转变过程,提出合理的转变机制。结果表明:在煅烧过程中,除Li2TiO3固溶体相外,还出现锐钛矿相TiO2和M相等中间相。随着温度进一步上升,这些中间相消失,最终在700℃得到纯Li2TiO3固溶体相。通过SEM可观察到结晶良好的棒状和块状Li2TiO3固溶体相粉体颗粒。分别研究采用sol-gel和固相法制备样品的烧结性能、显微结及介电性能,结果表明:采用sol-gel得到粉体制备的陶瓷具有特殊的大、小晶粒共存的两种Li2TiO3固溶体相的显微结构,在较低温度(825℃)即达到最大的体积密度3.456g/cm3。与固相法制备样品相比,sol-gel制备样品在同一频率的相对介电常数较小、介电损耗更低。     

Bi2O3-SiO2系统固相反应研究

利用XRD、DSC研究了Bi2O3-SiO2系统的固相反应.按物质的量比1∶1将Bi2O3与SiO2混合物在一定温度下处理一定时间获得生成产物并探讨了不同反应条件下产物生成规律.结果表明:亚稳化合物Bi2SiO5在固相反应时产生,并随温度及保温时间按一定规律变化.750 ℃保温不同时间所获试样的XRD谱表明随着固相反应时间的延长,反应物Bi2O3的衍射峰减弱,生成物Bi12SiO20衍射峰增强,反应越完全.在固相反应过程中生成的亚稳相Bi2SiO5随着反应时间延长衍射峰减弱.固相反应温度由700 ℃升高至900 ℃过程中,Bi12SiO20逐渐转变为Bi4Si3O12.     

TiO2掺杂对ZnO压敏电阻低压化过程的影响

近年来，加入晶粒助长剂TiO2以实现低压化的低压ZnO压敏电阻发展迅速。实验所用配方为掺杂TiO2的98.3％ZnO-0.7％Bi2O3-1.0％TiO2(摩尔分数)和相应无TiO2掺杂的配方，在900～1200℃下烧结制备样品。给出了相分析、半定量分析及电性能测试结果。发现TiO2可以有效促进ZnO晶粒长大，降低压敏电压梯度。1100℃下，TiO2掺杂试样的平均晶粒尺寸为56.4μm，远大于无TiO2掺杂的31.8μm。大部分TiO2首先与Bi2O3反应生成Bi4(TiO4)3液相，这大大促进了ZnO晶粒生长。高于1000℃时Bi4(TiO4)3分解，分解出的TiO2与ZnO发生反应，生成Zn2TiO4尖晶石相，晶粒生长受阻，直至停止。     

CuO包覆制备低温烧结的Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)微波介质陶瓷（英文）

以BaCO3和TiO2粉末进行固相反应来合成Ba2Ti9O20主晶相,分别以液相包覆法和固相混合法引入助烧剂CuO来降低Ba2Ti9O20的烧结温度。研究了CuO对Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷的烧结和介电性能的影响。结果表明,液相包覆CuO后,Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷的烧结温度从1400℃降至1200℃。CuSO4溶液的浓度为0.32 mol/L,1200℃烧结4 h所制得Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷的介电性能良好:εr=43,tanδ=0.005,τf=-7 ppm/℃(1 MHz)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.