绿色纺织纤维的性能与应用

介绍了几种典型的绿色纺织纤维,如彩棉、竹原纤维、大麻纤维、Lyocell纤维、甲壳素纤维的性能与应用,并对绿色纺织纤维的发展趋势进行了预测。     

绿色合成纤维--聚乳酸纤维

面对席卷全球的绿色浪潮，一种绿色的合成纤维——聚乳酸纤维，在纤维行业中越来越多被人们所重视。本文在介绍聚乳酸纤维的结构的基础上，详细地总结了聚乳酸纤维的包括物理性能、降解性能和安全性能在内的各种性能，具体地讨论了聚乳酸纤维的合成和纺丝过程，指出聚乳酸纤维具有广阔的应用前景和深远的生态意义，但当前的关键问题是降低合成聚乳酸树脂的成本。     

秸秆纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究现状

阐述了国内外秸秆纤维水泥基增强复合材料的研究现状,从生产技术、制备工艺、配合比设计等方面出发,重点介绍了各种秸秆纤维材料对水泥基增强复合材料性能的影响。秸秆纤维水泥基复合材料原料丰富,绿色环保,具备优良的保温隔热、抗冲击能力以及社会经济效益。研究不同秸秆纤维的性能、寻求秸秆纤维水泥基增强复合材料的可持续发展道路具有重要意义。     

浅谈绿色纤维的开发与应用

纤维作为纺织吕的最基本组成单元，它本身的性质决定着纺织品的顷大部分性质和用途。该文较全面地介绍了目前用于纺织生产加工中的各种绿色纤维的开发，特性与应用情况。     

海藻复合纤维织物投放市场

<正>教育部新型纺织材料绿色加工及其功能化重点实验室、武汉科技学院纺织与材料学院宣布,由武汉科技学院纺织与材料学院提供技术、展望集团实现产业化的海藻复合纤维织物,于2008年7月中旬投放市场。据介绍,海藻复合纤维是从海藻类植物中提取海藻酸钠,再织成海藻纤维或复合纤维。海藻纤维是纯天然绿色纤维,对人体具有很好的亲和力。用海藻纤维织物包扎伤口,伤口愈合时间仅是采用其他纤维织物包扎的一半,市场前景十分看好。     

绿色浪潮和绿色纤维

重点介绍了对环境友好的绿色纤维的品种、特点和生产方法；强调了增强环保意识，开发绿色纤维的重要性。     

生态环保纤维研究应用进展

生态环保纤维按来源不同,可分为植物资源天然环保纤维、动物资源天然环保纤维和人工合成环保纤维三大类。主要介绍了竹纤维、甲壳素纤维、海藻纤维等三种新型生态环保纤维的制备、改性、功能化、染色等研究进展。     

差别化纤维的现状及发展趋势

介绍了我国差别化纤维的发展现状以及今后的发展方向 ,包括多功能纤维 ,绿色环保型纤维 ,智能纤维以及新品种聚酯纤维等 ,我国应加大化纤新产品的开发 ,提高纤维的差别化率     

二次纤维的角质化修复研究进展

综述了近年来国内外科技工作者对角质化纤维性能改善所做的一些研究,以修复有没有改变纤维的化学结构或组成为切入点,总结了物理法、生物法、化学法对纤维角质化的修复现状,并比较其优缺点,针对各种修复手段存在的问题,提出了角质化纤维的绿色、可持续发展的修复思路。     

二十一世纪的纤维“宠儿”——Lyocell纤维

介绍了Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维的发展简史、生产技术、纤维性能及应用,指出我国应发展这种２１ 世纪的绿色环保纤维。     

“环境友好型”聚酯纤维的产品开发

聚酯纤维从工业化生产至今经历了大规模生产期,差别化、功能化改性期和新时期备受关注的“环境友好”期几个阶段。相对其它合成纤维,聚酯纤维在生产过程、使用过程、资源重复利用以及回归自然界等各阶段具有所谓“环境友好”的特点。近期的聚酯纤维产品开发更关注如何简化纤维原料的合成过程,降低加工过程的能耗和物耗;通过非石油资源得到合成纤维的原料,并可以使纤维制成的织物包括非织造布能够有效降解;纤维加工业从纺织加工链的角度为下游加工的环境保护、降低能耗和提高织物的功能性等诸方面不懈努力,无论经济效益和社会效益都取得实质性的进展。     

Progress Report on Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites

This century has witnessed remarkable achievements in green technology in material science through the development of natural fiber reinforced composites. The development of high‐performance engineering products made from natural resources is increasing worldwide day by day. There is increasing interest in materials demonstrating efficient use of renewable resources. Nowadays, more than ever, companies are faced with opportunities and choices in material innovations. Due to the challenges of petroleum‐based products and the need to find renewable solutions, more and more companies are looking at natural fiber composite materials. The primary driving forces for new bio‐composite materials are the cost of natural fibers (currently priced at one‐third of the cost of glass fiber or less), weight reduction (these fibers are half the weight of glass fiber), recycling (natural fiber composites are easier to recycle) and the desire for green products. This Review provides an overview of natural fiber reinfocred composites focusing on natural fiber types and sources, processing methods, modification of fibers, matrices (petrochemical and renewable), and their mechanical performance. It also focuses on future research, recent developments and applications and concludes with key issues that need to be resolved. This article critically summarizes the essential findings of the mostly readily utilized reinforced natural fibers in polymeric composite materials and their performance from 2000 to 2013.     

A novel route to fabricate Yb:YAG ceramic fiber and its optical performance

Transparent laser ceramics are the attractive gain medium for solid-state lasers. However, they have not been applied to the fiber lasers due to the difficulty of forming green fibers by traditional methods. In this study, a novel route combined aqueous gelcasting with capillary glass tube was designed to prepare Yb:YAG transparent ceramic fiber with a diameter of 1.0 mm and 43.0 mm in length for the first time. The slurry with high solid loading and low viscosity was smartly inhaled into the capillary glass tube to conquer the difficulty of casting. The green fibers without cracks and deformation had highly dense microstructure. The in-line transmittance of highly doped 15.0 at.% Yb:YAG transparent ceramic disc prepared from the same preparation conditions of Yb:YAG ceramic fiber was 80.0 % at 1064 nm. This study provides a novel route to prepare transparent ceramic fiber differing from extrusion processing, promoting the development of fiber laser.     

Polyethylene green composites reinforced with cellulose fibers (coir and palm fibers): effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber content

Coir and palm fibers from agricultural waste were investigated as reinforcement for low density polyethylene (LDPE). The effect of fiber preparation with alkaline treatment and with/without bleaching on fiber physical properties was also an objective of this study. The chemical composition and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) results confirmed that palm fibers had less impurity than coir fibers. This could be the reason for a greater fiber-matrix interfacial interaction of the palm fibers as compared to that of coir fibers, which was in good agreement with the estimation of surface free energy of the dispersion component. Moreover, fiber bleaching improved the single fiber pullout stress. Composites with both alkaline treated and bleached fibers, at different fiber contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%), were manufactured using a compression molding machine. Addition of both fibers in the LDPE matrix resulted in composites with a higher Young’s modulus compared to that of homopolymer. The Young’s modulus of the composites increased with the effect of either fiber content or fiber bleaching. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that composites reinforced with both types of fibers had a single melting temperature peak, indicating the existence of only one type of crystalline species. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the melting temperatures for the fiber reinforced composites and the homo-LDPE. The heat of fusion decreased in the case of fiber reinforced composites.     

Solid State NMR Study of Polypropylene Composites Filled with Green Coconut Fiber

Dried green coconut fibers (GCF) consist of fibers of various length mixed with a fine powder. Both components can be separated by simple screening techniques, and the present paper summarizes an experimental study on the mechanical and molecular dynamic behaviors and the morphological aspect of green coconut fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites, with respect to the effects of content and granularity of the filler in the powder (0,841–0,500 mm) and fiber (10 mm) forms. All compounds were prepared in an internal mixer at 170°C, 60 rpm for 8 min. It was observed that the flexural modulus increases with increasing fiber content, either in powder or fiber forms. Impact tests show that fiber-filled composites have greater impact strength than powder-filled composites. The results obtained by low-field NMR show that the stiffness of composites decreases with higher fiber loading, due to the poor compatibility between fibers and matrix. The morphology of the system was studied by SEM analysis. In general, composites with fiber showed better properties than those with powder.     

再生涤纶超短纤维的保温性能研究

系统研究了不同形貌结构的再生涤纶的保温效率。研究表明:线密度为0.8 dtex的再生涤纶的直径为12~14μm,线密度为1 dtex的再生涤纶中空纤维的直径为13~20μm,中空再生涤纶的直径分布较宽,而非中空纤维的纤维直径分布更窄;在相同线密度下,开松后纤维的保温率比未开松纤维的高;在切断长度相同的情况下,线密度越高,相同填充量下纤维的保温性能越差;保温填充材料越少,填充切断长度越短的纤维,越有利于保温性能的提升,而纤维长度越长,填充材料越多的保温效率也更高;在相同填充量情况下,中空纤维比非中空纤维具有更高的保温率;此外,开松后的纤维具有更优良的保温效果,且保温材料填充量达到80 g左右时,充填量基本达到饱和,继续添加试样,会造成纤维之间互相挤压,反而对保温效果不利。     

Green Composites from Natural Rubber and Oil Palm Fiber: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by incorporating short oil palm fibers of different lengths (viz., 2, 6, 10, and 14 mm) into natural rubber matrix in a mixing mill according to a base formulation. The curing characteristics of the mixes were studied and the samples were vulcanized at 150°C. The vulcanization parameters, processability characteristics, and tensile properties of these composites were analyzed. The effects of fiber length, orientation, loading, and fiber-matrix interaction on the mechanical properties of the green composites were studied. The reinforcement property of the alkali-treated fiber was compared with that of the untreated one. The extent of fiber orientation was studied from green strength measurements. From anisotropic swelling studies, the extent of fiber alignment and the strength of fiber–rubber interface adhesion were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were carried out to analyze the fiber surface morphology, fiber pullout, and fiber–rubber interface.     

褶型纤维过滤介质压力损失的多尺寸模拟

统筹考虑纤维结构特性、纤维排布及纤维层数等因素，基于MATLAB编写控制程序，建立褶型纤维过滤介质微观尺寸模型，并计算过滤介质固体体积分数?，采用数值模拟方法获取微观尺寸下过滤风速v与压力损失Δp之间的数学关联式，进而获取介质的粘性阻力系数C1。在此基础上，建立褶型纤维过滤介质宏观尺寸模型，基于微观尺寸模拟得到的?及C1，采用数值模拟的方法得到宏观尺寸下迎面风速u与Δp之间的数学关联式，并将数学关联式与多个经验公式进行对比。结果表明，褶型纤维过滤介质内纤维排列方式及介质厚度对Δp有影响，但对C1等性质参数影响不大；微观尺寸研究得到的参数可以为宏观尺寸研究提供指导，微观结构与宏观结构性质参数可以沿用。本研究结果对拓展纤维过滤介质的研究方法及优化其结构具有重要理论及实际意义。