低活性铝硅质尾矿基矿物聚合材料的抗化学侵蚀性能研究

以某低活性铝硅质尾矿作为硅铝原料(基质),分别与四种不同的铝校正料复合,在碱硅酸盐溶液激发作用下制备矿物聚合材料;同时将该尾矿与硅灰以及钙质原料(包括矿渣和钢渣)复合制备“免配碱激发剂溶液型”矿物聚合材料.对各试样的抗化学侵蚀性能进行测试,并与普通硅酸盐水泥砂浆试样进行对比;在微观上借助SEM和FTIR对代表性试样进行表征.结果表明,以铝酸盐水泥为铝校正料制备的矿物聚合材料试样经H2 SO4溶液侵蚀后有较多沸石相生成,其抗化学侵蚀性能较为良好;普通硅酸盐水泥砂浆试样经硫酸盐侵蚀后其初期强度有所提高,但后期强度可能会因钙矾石的增多而降低.     

掺珊瑚砂粉砂浆抗硫酸镁侵蚀性能研究

本文研究了硫酸镁作用下掺珊瑚砂粉(CSP)和辅助胶凝材料(SCMs)砂浆的抗硫酸镁侵蚀性能。在5和20℃硫酸镁溶液中侵蚀至365 d,通过外观、长度变化、抗压强度,结合X射线衍射谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析砂浆的抗硫酸镁侵蚀性能。发现在5℃的硫酸镁溶液中侵蚀至365 d时,掺CSP砂浆发生严重劣化。掺20%(质量分数)CSP的抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥比掺20%(质量分数)CSP的普通硅酸盐水泥表现出更好的抗硫酸镁侵蚀性能。在5℃下粉煤灰和矿渣有助于改善掺CSP砂浆的抗硫酸镁侵蚀性能,然而在20℃下硅灰降低其抗硫酸镁侵蚀性能。在5℃下掺CSP砂浆主要发生镁盐和碳硫硅钙石型硫酸盐侵蚀并伴随少量石膏生成,在20℃下主要发生镁盐和石膏型硫酸盐侵蚀。     

5℃环境下水泥砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能试验研究

研究了不同水泥品种、矿物掺合料对水泥基材料在5℃下抗硫酸盐侵蚀的性能的影响,分别采用普通硅酸盐水泥、中抗硫水泥以及加入矿粉与硅灰的水泥砂浆试件,测试各试样在(5±1)℃的3%Na2 SO4溶液浸泡后的强度变化情况,综合考虑砂浆强度与抗蚀系数对砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能进行评价,并运用SEM、EDS、XRD分析方法对腐蚀机理进行了分析.结果表明:在5℃环境下,砂浆试样的强度普遍低于常温环境下,砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力15%矿粉+3%硅灰>中抗硫水泥>15%矿粉+1%硅灰>普通硅酸盐水泥;加入矿物掺合料明显改善了水泥砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,并且硅灰的含量越高效果越明显;低温下腐蚀产物不仅有石膏,还有碳硫硅钙石的生成.     

硫酸盐侵蚀作用下水泥砂浆损伤试验研究

在硫酸盐侵蚀环境下,混凝土内部硫酸盐腐蚀产物的生成是造成混凝土体积膨胀破坏和耐久性劣化的主要原因。通过测定不同硫酸盐侵蚀龄期(30 d,60 d,90 d,120 d,150 d,180 d),不同水灰比(0.4,0.5,0.6)下普通硅酸盐水泥和高抗硫酸盐水泥砂浆的抗折强度,研究硫酸盐侵蚀对砂浆抗折强度的影响。试验结果表明,通过5%硫酸钠溶液长期浸泡试验,水泥砂浆试件抗折强度随着侵蚀龄期的增加呈先增大后下降的变化趋势;对于普通硅酸盐水泥试件来说,水灰比越大,抗折强度开始出现下降的龄期越早;高抗硫酸盐水泥砂浆试件出现强度下降的龄期较普通硅酸盐水泥砂浆晚,且0.4水灰比高抗硫酸盐水泥砂浆试件至侵蚀后期,其抗折强度均未出现明显下降,说明高抗硫酸盐水泥较普通硅酸盐水泥具有较好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。     

硫酸盐侵蚀作用下水泥砂浆膨胀率试验研究

在硫酸盐侵蚀环境下,混凝土内部硫酸盐腐蚀产物的生成是造成混凝土体积膨胀破坏和耐久性劣化的主要原因。通过测定不同硫酸盐侵蚀龄期,不同水灰比下普通硅酸盐水泥和高抗硫酸盐水泥砂浆的膨胀率,旨在研究硫酸盐侵蚀对砂浆膨胀率的影响。试验结果表明,在5%的硫酸钠溶液中长期浸泡的不同试件,其膨胀率均呈现初期增长较快,随后经过一个平稳增长的阶段。在浸泡120 d后,普通硅酸盐砂浆试件0.5和0.6水灰比会由于硫酸盐侵蚀造成的内部损伤,膨胀率出现骤增,而抗硫酸盐水泥由于其较好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性使其膨胀率仍保持缓慢增长;普通硅酸盐水泥试件在硫酸钠溶液中浸泡150 d后,0.4、0.5和0.6水灰比试件膨胀率分别达到0.162%、0.383%和0.491%,分别为抗硫酸盐水泥砂浆试件膨胀率的1.0倍、2.3倍和2.8倍。说明硫酸盐侵蚀加速了砂浆的体积膨胀速率,同时高抗硫酸盐水泥较普通硅酸盐水泥具有较好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。     

10℃下不同水灰比水泥基材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能试验研究

研究了不同水灰比对水泥砂浆试件在10℃下抗硫酸盐侵蚀的性能的影响,采用0.36与0.5两种水灰比的普通硅酸盐水泥、中抗硫水泥以及加入矿粉与硅灰的水泥砂浆试件,测试各试样在(10±1)℃的3％Na2SO4溶液中浸泡后的强度变化情况,综合考虑强度与抗蚀系数对砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能进行评价.结果表明:在10℃下0.36水灰比试件强度高于0.5水灰比试件,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能随着水灰比的降低而提高;加入矿物掺合料明显改善了水泥砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,并且硅灰的含量越高效果越明显.砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能15％矿粉+3％硅灰>15％矿粉+1％硅灰>中抗硫水泥>普通硅酸盐水泥.     

低温对水泥砂浆硫酸盐侵蚀速率的影响试验研究

对于低温环境下普通硅酸盐、抗硫酸盐水泥砂浆试件的硫酸盐侵蚀情况进行了试验研究,建立了两阶段侵蚀破坏模型来反应温度对硫酸盐侵蚀速率的影响.通过将不同水泥品种不同水灰比试件浸泡在5℃、10℃、20℃环境下3％硫酸钠溶液中,以抗折强度为评价指标分析不同温度下硫酸盐侵蚀速率.结果表明:普通硅酸盐水泥、抗硫酸盐水泥砂浆试件随着温度的降低,受到的硫酸盐侵蚀逐渐加剧.抗折强度降低速率随着温度的降低而加快,同时降低水灰比可以提高水泥砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力.     

复合矿物掺合料砂浆抗酸雨侵蚀的试验模拟

根据我国南方典型硫酸型酸雨特征及气候环境,设置与实际情况相同的模拟酸雨溶液pH值、离子浓度、喷淋雨量、温度与温差等参数,以喷淋-光照循环和浸泡方式,模拟酸雨对掺量为73％、粉煤灰与矿渣不同比例复掺水泥胶砂的侵蚀。试验结果表明：随着SG掺量的增加,砂浆强度逐渐上升;适量粉煤灰、矿渣双掺能改善水泥砂浆试件的抗酸雨侵蚀能力。     

内掺白云石水泥基材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为考察白云石对水泥基材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响，本文采用10%、20%、30%(质量分数，下同)白云石掺入水泥净浆与水泥砂浆试件中，在低温条件下浸泡于5%硫酸镁和5%硫酸钠溶液中，并进行硫酸盐侵蚀试验。定期观察试件的宏观形貌变化，并定量分析其侵蚀产物。测定水泥砂浆试件抗折强度与抗压强度并进行宏观分析，以此得出不同种类硫酸盐对试件生成碳硫硅钙石的影响。采用热力学模拟探究白云石对水泥胶凝体系产物的影响。结果表明：当白云石掺量为10%～20%时，能抑制水泥基材料中碳硫硅钙石的生成，水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能有较大提高，水泥砂浆试件抗折强度有明显改善，这与热力学模拟结果基本一致。     

聚合物胶粉改性硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆

通过与硅酸盐水泥对比,研究聚合物改性硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆的力学性能、柔韧性和干缩性能,并采用扫描电子显微镜观测水泥基聚合物改性材料的形态结构。结果表明：聚合物胶粉硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆的性能较普通水泥砂浆有明显的改善,尤其抗折强度更为突出。聚合物胶粉均能显著降低水泥砂浆的压折比,改善砂浆柔韧性,尤其是改善硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆的效果较明显。由于硫铝酸盐水泥的微膨胀性能,使其砂浆的干缩性能优于硅酸盐水泥砂浆。     

硫酸盐浸泡环境下CaO-Na2CO3激发矿渣砂浆性能退化及机理研究

以Na₂SO₄和MgSO₄溶液为侵蚀介质,研究了在浸泡环境下CaO-Na₂CO₃激发矿渣(CNS)砂浆和普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)砂浆经硫酸盐侵蚀前后的抗折强度、抗压强度及不同深度处的SO^2-₄浓度,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、压汞法(MIP)等测试方法分析了CNS砂浆和OPC砂浆的侵蚀产物及孔结构,对比讨论了Na₂SO₄和MgSO₄对CNS砂浆和OPC砂浆的侵蚀机理。结果表明:CNS砂浆的水化产物主要是低Ca/Si比的水化硅铝酸钙(C-A-S-H),不存在氢氧化钙,碳酸钙的填充作用使其孔结构优于OPC砂浆,并且在相同侵蚀环境下,CNS砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力大于OPC砂浆;MgSO₄侵蚀环境下CNS砂浆的侵蚀产物主要是水镁石(腐蚀后期会带动试件表面的砂浆一起剥落)和无黏聚力的水化硅铝酸镁(M-A-S-H);与Na₂SO₄相比,MgSO₄对CNS砂浆的腐蚀性更强。     

Fibre-reinforced boroaluminosilicate geopolymers: A comparative study

This paper investigates the effect of fibres on the physical and mechanical behaviour of boroaluminosilicate geopolymers (BASG) compared to conventional aluminosilicate binders. The use of various types of fibres by the means of reinforcing geopolymers against flexural loads is very common. In this work, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) are utilised as raw materials to generate geopolymer specimens. Different alkaline solutions comprising sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, and borax are prepared to activate precursors. The sodium silicate solution is substituted with borax by 30?wt% and 70?wt% in order to produce fly ash and slag-based BASG respectively. Steel and polymer fibres are employed in the mixtures for reinforcement. Three-point bending and mini slump tests are conducted for assessing the flexural strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and flow of geopolymer specimens. A pair plotting interpretation is also used in order to illustrate the patterns. The obtained results indicate that the fly ash-based BASG mortar shows superior flexural strength to the GGBS-based BASG mortar. The flexural strength of fly ash-made aluminosilicate geopolymer declines from 7.3?MPa to 6.4?MPa with an increase in the content of steel fibres from 1% to 2%. Inversely, raising the percentage of steel fibres in the fly ash-based BASG mortar caused a slight growth in the flexural strength of specimens. The polypropylene fibres, when added sufficiently, play a significant role in improving the toughness of fly ash-based BASG and slag-based aluminosilicate mixtures, more than 0.8 and 0.7?J surge in the toughness respectively. In addition, the polypropylene and steel fibres perform well in improving the elastic modulus of slag-based BASG and fly ash-based aluminosilicate binders. While keeping the water to binder ratio constant, introducing the steel fibre increased the flow of fly ash-based geopolymers. Nonetheless, the polymer fibres declined the flow of mortars.     

Magnesium sulfate attack on hardened blended cement pastes under different circumstances

This paper describes the sulfate resistance of some hardened blended Portland cement pastes. The blending materials used were silica fume (SF), slag, and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃, CC?). The blended cement pastes were prepared by using W/S ratio of 0.3. The effects of immersion in 10% MgSO₄ solution under different conditions (room temperature, 60 °C, and drying-immersion cycles at 60 °C) on the compressive strength of the various hardened blended cement pastes were studied. Slag and CC? improve the sulfate resistance of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste. Mass change of the different mixes immersed in sulfate solution at 60 °C with drying-immersion cycles was determined. The drying-immersion cyclic process at 60 °C accelerates sulfate attacks. This process can be considered an accelerated method to evaluate sulfate resistance of hardened cement pastes, mortars, and concretes.     

水泥基体参数对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响

采用干缩实验研究水灰比、灰砂比、水泥细度等水泥基体参数对水泥浆干缩性能的影响。结果表明,水灰比在0.35～0.60时,砂浆的干缩率随水灰比增大而增大;其它条件不变时,砂浆的干缩率随胶砂比增大而明显增大,随水泥细度提高而增大;高标号水泥的干缩率大于低标号水泥,水泥标号相同时,P.II>P.F>P.S;矿渣微粉比粉煤灰更适用于生产高性能水泥和高性能混凝土;减缩剂能明显减小水泥砂浆的干缩率。     

Potential use of natural perlite powder as a pozzolanic mineral admixture in Portland cement

This paper investigates the effect of incorporating natural perlite powder (NPP) as a cement replacement on cementitious materials properties. For this purpose, cement pastes and mortars were prepared by replacing 5, 10, 15, and 20% of NPP by mass of the Portland cement. Physicomechanical performances of pastes and mortars based NPP were inspected using normal consistency, setting times, heat of hydration, and compressive strength testing. Resistance against sodium sulfate attack and sulfuric acid attack were also assessed to investigate the durability characteristics of different mortar mixes. Experimental results show that cement pastes and mortars incorporating up to 20% of NPP demonstrate satisfactory physical and mechanical properties with very comparable results to cementitious materials without NPP. In addition, improved sulfate and acid attacks resistance with increased NPP content were demonstrated. The X-ray diffraction analyses confirm that NPP can be considered as a good pozzolanic material that can be used satisfactorily as a mineral admixture in cement production.     

石膏掺量对高阿利特水泥防腐抗渗性能的影响研究

研究了石膏掺量对高阿利特水泥抗海水侵蚀和抗渗性能的影响,并与普通水泥进行了比较。利用XRD、SEM—EDS等测试方法对水泥水化产物的物相组成和形貌进行分析、观察;用压汞法对水泥硬化浆体的孔结构进行了分析。结果表明,石膏掺量对高阿利特水泥硬化浆体的致密性有较大影响,进而影响水泥砂浆的抗海水侵蚀性能,石膏的适宜掺量为5％,在此掺量下高阿利特水泥的抗蚀系数达1．01,而普通水泥的抗蚀系数仅为0．87,高阿利特水泥的有害孔较少,总孔隙率较低,抗渗性能得到较大改善。     

The effect of microencapsulated phase change materials on the rheology of geopolymer and Portland cement mortars

The effect of microencapsulated phase-change materials (MPCM) on the rheological properties of pre-set geopolymer and Portland cement mortars was examined. Microcapsules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic shells were compared. The shear rate dependency of the viscosities fitted well to a double Carreau model. The zero shear viscosities are higher for geopolymer mortar, illustrating poorer workability. The time evolution of the viscosities was explored at shear rates of 1 and 10 s⁻¹. New empirical equations were developed to quantify the time-dependent viscosity changes. The highest shear rate disrupted the buildup of the mortar structures much more than the lower shear rate. Microcapsules with a hydrophobic shell affect the rheological properties much less than the microcapsules with a hydrophilic shell, due to the higher water adsorption onto the hydrophilic microcapsules. Shear forces was found to break down the initial structures within geopolymer mortars more easily than for Portland cement mortars, while the geopolymer reaction products are able to withstand shear forces better than Portland cement hydration products. Initially, the viscosity of geopolymer mortars increases relatively slowly during due to formation of geopolymer precursors; at longer times, there is a steeper viscosity rise caused by the development of a 3D-geopolymer network. Disruption of agglomerates causes the viscosities of portland cement mortars to decrease during the first few minutes, after which the hydration process (increasing viscosities) competes with shear-induced disruption of the structures (decreasing viscosities), resulting in a complex viscosity behavior.     

Enhancement in early strengths of slag-cement mortars by adjusting basicity of the slag prepared from fly-ash of MSWI

The insufficient early strengths of cement mortars in which partial cement had been replaced by pulverized slag melted from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly-ash were tackled in this study by adjusting the basicity of the slag through the addition of various amounts of CaCO₃ into MSWI fly-ash, melted into a ‘modified slag’, pulverized to partially replace cement. Increased basicity in the modified slag manifestly improves the early compressive strengths of cement mortar with 20% Portland cement replaced by the modified slag powder (20 wt.% CaCO₃ added). The 14-day and 28-day compressive strengths of the mortars evidently increased to nearly that of the reference specimen made of only Portland cement mortar. The 90-day compressive strength is even higher than that of the reference specimen. Porosity and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analyses evidenced the improvement in early strengths by hydration while the enhancement in long-term strength by pozzolanic reaction in the CaCO₃ added slag-cement mortar.     

磨细锶渣水泥胶砂力学性能影响因素

研究了磨细锶渣掺量与水泥胶砂强度的关系,对比分析了基准水泥胶砂与常温磨细锶渣水泥胶砂、800℃煅烧磨细锶渣水泥胶砂抗冻性差异,探讨了三种养护条件下常温磨细锶渣与800℃煅烧磨细锶渣对胶砂强度及干缩性能的影响.结果表明,随磨细锶渣掺量的增加,胶砂强度逐渐降低;磨细锶渣对胶砂的抗冻性不利,但经800℃煅烧处理后磨细锶渣抗冻性得到提高,且满足抗冻性要求;水中养护与空气中标准养护有利于磨细锶渣水泥胶砂强度形成,磨细锶渣对胶砂的后期强度形成有利,且提高了水泥胶砂的干缩性能.