RuAg/TiO2-C催化剂的制备及对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

采用改性溶胶-凝胶法和水热合成法制备了C掺杂多孔纳米TiO2,以其为载体制备了一种RuAg/TiO2-C催化剂.采用XRD、TEM、EDS、XPS及电化学分析对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征,测定了其对甲醇的电催化氧化性能.结果表明,RuAg的负载和C的掺杂提高了TiO2对甲醇的电催化性能,RuAg/TiO2-C对甲醇电催化的循环伏安曲线中未见甲醇氧化中间产物的氧化峰,0.54 V处有一个较大的甲醇氧化峰,其峰电流密度为5.8 mA/cm2,RuAg/TiO2-C比商用PtRu/C催化剂具有更高的催化活性和抗毒性,RuAg合金的负载以及RuAg合金与C掺杂多孔纳米TiO2载体之间较强的相互作用是其对甲醇催化性能提高的主要因素.     

F掺杂TiO_2的制备及其甲醇电氧化性能研究

采用水热法制备了F掺杂的TiO2,将其与碳黑机械混合制成复合载体,采用微波辅助加热乙二醇法制备了载Pt电催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对F-TiO2进行了表征,结果表明,F掺杂后,TiO2仍然呈锐钛矿结构,形貌呈纳米片层结构。Pt/F-TiO2-C催化剂表现出很好的催化活性和稳定性,循环伏安法和计时电流法的测试结果表明,复合载体中F的加入有利于甲醇的电催化氧化,提高了Pt对甲醇氧化的抗毒化能力,使其质量比活性是商业Pt/C催化剂的1.2倍。     

碳化钨/碳气凝胶纳米复合材料增强Pt电催化甲醇性能的研究

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法原位合成WC纳米颗粒制备了碳化钨/碳气凝胶(WC/CAs);以WC/CAs为载体,利用微波加热乙二醇还原法制备了Pt/WC/CAs催化剂。运用循环伏安法(CV)、线性扫描(LSV)、计时电流法(CA)、能谱(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术分析Pt/WC/CAs催化剂的组成、结构及其对甲醇的电催化氧化活性的影响。实验结果表明,载体中WC纳米颗粒的加入促进Pt贵金属颗粒对甲醇的电催化氧化活性,正扫电流峰ip与扫描速率的平方根v1/2线性相关,Pt/WC/C催化氧化甲醇的过程受扩散控制;且电催化活性比Pt/C要好。     

甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的试验

用化学还原法制备了碳载镍、银、金三种金属单质催化剂,并研究其对甲醇电催化氧化的活性。用X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、X光电子能谱（XPS）表征催化剂的晶相结构、表面组成及价态形式。XRD测试表明均得到了纯度较高的金属单质,催化剂粒径大小在5 nm-11nm之间,颗粒分布均匀。用循环伏安法测定了不同催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化的活性,结果表明碳载镍催化剂对甲醇氧化有较好的催化作用,而碳载银和碳载金对甲醇氧化几乎没有活性。     

Ti/TiO_2/Pd纳米电极的制备和电催化性能

采用阳极氧化法在纯钛表面生成结构高度有序的二氧化钛纳米管阵列,并通过室温固相反应制备了钯纳米颗粒。采用自组装方法将钯纳米颗粒修饰到Ti/TiO2表面制备了Ti/TiO2/Pd纳米电极。利用电子扫描显微镜、X-射线衍射分析二氧化钛纳米管、钯纳米颗粒和纳米电极的微观结构和表面形貌,并研究了Ti/TiO2/Pd纳米电极对甲醇的电催化性能。结果表明,TiO2纳米管排列整齐有序,Ti/TiO2/Pd电极中Pd纳米颗粒均匀分散在TiO2纳米管表面。电化学测试结果表明,Ti/TiO2/Pd纳米电极对甲醇的电催化氧化过程具有很好的电催化活性。     

甲醇在不同方法制备的碳载Pt-TiO_2催化剂上的电催化氧化

采用TiO2溶胶法,在不同条件下制备了碳载Pt-TiO2催化剂.通过循环伏安法(CV),计时电流法(CA)对碳载Pt-TiO2催化剂在甲醇上的电氧化特性进行了研究.结果表明不同条件制备的催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化的催化活性不同.其中加入聚乙二醇所制得的Pt-TiO2/C催化剂对甲醇的氧化具有最佳的电催化活性和稳定性.     

Ni-Cr-Co氧化物纳米催化剂对甲醇阳极氧化的电催化性能研究

采用了热分解法合成Ni-Cr-Co氧化物纳米粒子,并用作直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的阳极电催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂进行表征,制得的纳米催化剂均匀分散,且粒径为25~50 nm。利用循环伏安法(CV)对不同金属摩尔比和焙烧温度下的催化剂在甲醇氧化反应中的活性进行了研究。结果表明,Ni-Cr-Co(摩尔比为1∶1∶1.5)的纳米氧化物对甲醇氧化反应的起始电位、峰值氧化电流密度和If/Ib分别为0.38 V,19.3 mA/cm2和1.72,表现了很好的电催化性能。     

高性能PtNi合金催化剂构筑及其对甲醇电催化

以多壁碳纳米管（CNTs）为载体，H2PtCl6·6H2O为铂源、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O为镍源，硼氢化钠和乙二醇为还原剂，采用一锅法制备了一种PtNi/CNTs合金电催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、HR-TEM、XPS、ICP-OES和Raman对催化剂结构进行表征。采用循环伏安法（CV）、计时安培法（i-t）和CO溶出曲线法评价了催化剂的电化学活性与稳定性。结果表明，PtNi/CNTs对甲醇电催化氧化（MOR）反应具有优异的电催化性能，峰值电流和稳态电流分别是商业Pt/C的5.89倍和38.97倍，同时，PtNi/CNTs还表现出良好的稳定性，主要归因于碳纳米管独特的结构与双金属合金的协同效应。     

碱性条件下甲醇阳极氧化碳载催化剂的性能

用化学还原法制备了碳载镍、银、金三种金属单质催化剂,并研究其对甲醇电催化氧化的活性.用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)表征催化剂的晶相结构、表面组成及价态形式.XRD测试表明均得到了纯度较高的金属单质,催化剂粒径大小在5～11 nm之间,颗粒分布均匀.用循环伏安法测定了不同催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化的活性...     

载体焙烧温度对Ni-Mo/TiO2催化剂的影响

采用碳源助剂改性载体TiO2,制备催化剂Ni-Mo/TiO2催化剂,考察载体焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响,并采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对载体及催化剂进行表征.结果表明,焙烧温度为500～600℃时,TiO2晶粒大小适中,活性元素分布均匀,焙烧温度为550℃的载体制备的催化剂加氢性能较好.     

Novel spherical TiO2 supported PdNi alloy catalyst for methanol electroxidation

A novel PdNi/TiO₂ electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation is fabricated using spherical TiO₂ nanoparticles as support. The structural and electrochemical properties of the PdNi/TiO₂ catalyst are characterized by XRD, TEM and electrochemical analysis. The cyclic voltammograms of PdNi/TiO₂ catalyst show that there is a large methanol oxidation peak in about 0.882 V that is much bigger than that of the commercial PtRu/C catalyst in 0.7 V. The composite TiO₂ material has high catalytic activity without UV light illumination. The electrocatalytic activity and anti-poisoning capability of the PdNi/TiO₂ catalyst are promising, which may become a potential candidate for direct methanol fuel cell.     

Activity of a novel titanium-supported bimetallic PtSn/Ti electrode for electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid and methanol

Bimetallic platinum–tin nanoparticles were co-deposited on a titanium surface using a simple one step hydrothermal method process. The electrochemical catalytic activity of this titanium-supported nanoPtSn/Ti electrode towards the oxidation of formic acid and methanol in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ was evaluated by voltammetric techniques, chronoamperometric responses and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). According to the cyclic voltammograms of the oxidation of both formic acid and methanol, the nanoPtSn/Ti presents high anodic current densities and low onset potentials. Potential-time transient measurements show that the nanoPtSn/Ti exhibits high steady-state current densities for the oxidation of both formic acid and methanol. The EIS data indicate that the nanoPtSn/Ti presents very low electrochemical impedance values, showing that for the oxidation of both formic acid and methanol, low charge transfer resistances are present on the nanoPtSn/Ti catalyst. This confirms the high electrocatalytic activity of the nanoPtSn/Ti for the formic acid and methanol oxidation.     

The catalysts supported on metallized electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibrous mats for methanol oxidation

Polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous mats coated with continuous thin gold films (Au-PAN) have been fabricated by combining the electrospinning and electroless plating techniques. The Pt particles are electrodeposited on the Au-PAN fibers surface by multi-cycle CV method, and the Au-PAN decorated with Pt (Pt/Au-PAN) shows higher activity toward methanol electro-oxidation. The catalytic peak current for methanol oxidation on the optimum Pt/Au-PAN electrode can reach about 450 mA mg⁻¹ Pt which is much larger than the catalytic peak current for methanol oxidation (118.4 mA mg⁻¹ Pt) on the electrode prepared by loading commercial Pt/C on Au-PAN (Pt/C/Au-PAN). Further experiments reveal that the Pt/Au-PAN electrodes exhibit better stability and smaller charge transfer resistance than Pt/C/Au-PAN electrodes, which indicates that the Au-PAN may be developed as supporting material for catalyst. The microscopy images of the electrodes show that the Pt particles deposited on Au-PAN conglomerate into larger particles, and that the Pt/C catalyst loaded on the Au-PAN also exhibits conglomeration after stability test. The hydrogen adsorption-desorption experiments indicate that the electrochemical surface area of the Pt particles for the both kinds of electrodes has decreased after stability test.     

Pd‐RuSe/C as ORR Specific Catalyst in Alkaline Solution Containing Methanol

Carbon supported RuSe (RuSe/C) catalyst in varying atomic ratios of Ru to Se, namely, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 were prepared and their performances were compared with carbon supported Ru (Ru/C). Based on the performance, Palladium was incorporated into as prepared RuSe(2:1)/C and heat treated HTRuSe(2:1)/C. Ru/C, RuSe/C, and Pd‐RuSe/C were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The XRD analyses of Ru/C, RuSe/C and Pd‐HTRuSe/C show the formation of the hcp structure of Ru particles and the mean particle size was obtained from Ru(101) peak. The electrochemical characterizations of Ru/C, RuSe/C, Pd‐HTRuSe(2:1)/C and Pd‐RuSe(2:1)/C were conducted by cyclic voltammetry. Linear Sweep Voltammetric studies showed that incorporation of Pd in HTRu‐Se(2:1)/C resulted in better catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction with resistance to methanol oxidation. The quantity of hydrogen peroxide produced was obtained from rotating ring disk electrode studies.     

Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon from Okara and Application as Electrocatalyst Support

Carbon materials derived from biomass are economical and simple. Here, a okara‐derived carbon (ODC) was prepared by carbonized cheap and abundant okara at 800 °C in N₂ atmosphere. A high degree of graphitization, mesoporous structure and large specific surface area of ODC were proved by Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope. The ODC can be used as support of platinum nanoparticles, and the catalytic performance for methanol electro‐oxidation of its was measured by cyclic voltammetry and CO stripping voltammetry. The results showed that Pt/ODC catalyst had higher electrocatalytic activity and the resistance to poisoning ability toward methanol electrooxidation than the Pt/C catalyst prepared under the same conditions.     

Pd-Co/CNT复合催化剂的制备及甲醇电氧化性能

以Pd Cl₂和Co(NO₃)₂为原料，采用分步乙二醇还原法制备了多壁碳纳米管负载Pd-Co复合纳米催化剂Pd-Co/CNT。利用TEM、XRD和XPS对催化剂的结构进行了表征，考察了其甲醇电氧化性能。结果显示，Co的引入使Pd催化剂的分散性得到改善，其电化学表面积可达39.7 m²/g。循环伏安测试表明，当Pd∶Co物质的量比为1∶0.2时，Pd-Co/CNT的甲醇氧化峰电流密度约为Pd/CNT的2.7倍。计时电流结果表明，Co的添加使催化剂的活性衰减比例由Pd/CNT的63.8%降至54.2%，显示出较强的抗中毒能力。Pd-Co复合催化剂性能的改善归因于Pd与Co之间的协同相互作用。     

One-step synthesis of PtPdAu ternary alloy nanoparticles on graphene with superior methanol electrooxidation activity

Well-dispersed PtPdAu ternary alloy nanoparticles were synthesized on graphene sheets via a simple one-step chemical reduction method in ethylene glycol (EG) and water system, in which EG served as both reductive and dispersing agent. The electrocatalytic activity of PtPdAu/G was tested by methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The catalyst was further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated that the as-synthesized PtPdAu nanoparticles with alloy structures were successfully dispersed on the graphene sheets. Electrocatalytic properties of the catalyst for MOR in alkaline have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and Tafel curves. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of PtPdAu/G were superior to PtPd/G, PtAu/G and Pt/G. In addition, the anodic peak current on PtPdAu/G catalyst was proportional to the concentration of methanol in the range of 0.05–1.00 M. This study implies that the prepared catalyst have great potential applications in fuel cells.     

Graphitized mesoporous carbon supported Pt-SnO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst for methanol oxidation

A mesostructured composite catalyst, Pt-SnO₂ supported on graphitized mesoporous carbon (GMC), has been prepared and its electrochemical activity for methanol oxidation has been investigated. The materials were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX spectrum and N₂ sorption techniques. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and steady-state polarization tests were adopted to characterize the electro-catalytic activities of the materials for methanol oxidation. The results show that, the overall methanol electro-oxidation catalytic activity of the mesostructured composite catalyst, 20 wt.% PtSnO₂ (1:1, mass ratio)/GMC, is obviously higher than that of 20 wt.% PtSnO₂/C with commercial carbon black as support under the same loading amount of Pt-SnO₂ catalysts, and is also much higher than that of commercial catalyst 20 wt.% Pt/C at half Pt using amount.     

Investigation on Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability of Pt/C Catalyst Prepared by Facile Solvothermal Synthesis for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Pt nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC‐72 carbon black have been synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. The obtained Pt/C catalysts are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to identify Pt mean size and Pt content. The results of electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Pt/C catalyst prepared at the reaction temperature of 140 °C and the reaction time of 2 h shows the biggest initial electrochemical area with an initial electrochemically active specific surface area (ESA) of 70.6 m²g_Pt⁻¹, the highest electrocatalytic stability with an ESA loss of 48.7% after 1,000 CV cycles, and the best electrocatalytic activity and stability toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) with a specific activity of 0.6 mA cm⁻² and a retention rate (the ratio of the final current density to the maximum current density) after 3,600 s of 42.8%. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of homemade Pt/C catalyst is superior to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst, suggesting that the solvothermal synthesis is a promising method for preparing Pt based catalyst.