二苯基亚砜在有机溶剂中的溶解度测定和拟合

在温度288.30~334.32 K、常压条件下,采用合成法测定二苯基亚砜在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、丙酮、氯仿以及一系列浓度的乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度。实验结果表明,在相同温度下,5种纯溶剂中二苯基亚砜的溶解度大小顺序如下,氯仿丙酮甲苯乙酸乙酯乙醇;乙醇-水混合溶剂中溶解度随着乙醇浓度下降而迅速降低;该溶解过程为吸热熵增过程,且随着溶解Gibbs斯自由能增大,溶解度减小。数据采用改进的Apelblat方程和van’t Hoff方程进行拟合,在乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度数据还采用Jouban-Acree方程拟合。拟合结果与实验数据基本吻合。测定的固液平衡数据可为二苯基亚砜的合成与提纯等过程的溶剂选择提供依据。     

普瑞巴林晶型Ⅰ在纯溶剂及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度测定与关联

通过平衡法测定了283.15~328.15 K温度下普瑞巴林晶型I在水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度,实验结果表明:普瑞巴林晶型I在所测定的所有纯溶剂及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度均随温度的升高而增大;在丙酮-水混合溶剂中,溶解度随着丙酮的摩尔分数的增加而降低,在丙酮的摩尔分数达到0.83附近时溶解度最小,接近0。采用修订的Apelblat经验方程和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程对溶解度数据进行关联,结果令人满意。所得实验数据和拟合模型为普瑞巴林在工业结晶及药物多晶型等方面的研究提供了重要的依据。     

Ⅱ晶型利福平在两种混合溶剂中溶解度的测定和关联

使用平衡法测定了288.15～323.15 K时Ⅱ晶型利福平在正丁醇-丙酮和水-丙酮混合溶剂中的溶解度。实验结果表明Ⅱ晶型利福平在两种混合溶剂中的溶解度均随着温度升高而增大;在正丁醇-丙酮混合溶剂中,溶解度随着正丁醇的摩尔分数增加先增大后减小,在摩尔比0.350附近溶解度最大;在水-丙酮体系中,溶解度随着水的摩尔分数增加而增大。使用Apelblat方程、理想状态方程和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程关联溶解度数据,Apelblat方程关联结果优于理想状态方程,平均相对偏差小于5%。使用修正的van't Hoff方程计算了两种体系的溶解焓、溶解熵和吉布斯自由能。溶解度数据及拟合方程为利福平研究和工业生产提供了基础数据。     

酒石酸钠二水合物的溶解度测定及关联

用动态法测定了酒石酸钠二水合物在不同质量配比的乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度,以期为酒石酸钠二水合物提供结晶热力学数据。结果表明:酒石酸钠二水合物在乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度随水质量分数和温度的增加而增加,但随着水质量分数的增加,升高温度对酒石酸钠溶解度的增加量逐渐变小。采用Modified Apelblat,Van't-JA及Apel-JA方程对溶解度数据进行了关联,均方根偏差最大为6.24×10~(-4)。所选热力学方程均能很好的关联溶解度数据,其中Modified Apelblat方程的关联效果最好。此外,采用Van't Hoff方程计算了酒石酸钠二水合物在乙醇-水混合溶剂中的表观溶解热力学数据,数据表明其溶解过程为非自发的吸热过程。     

甲钴胺溶解度的测定和关联

在甲钴胺的结晶分离纯化过程中,溶解度数据至关重要。本文采用静态法测定了273～335K范围内甲钴胺在溶剂——纯水、乙醇及丙酮：水=8：1的混合溶剂中的溶解度数据,为结晶方案的确定和结晶工艺条件的优化提供了基础的热力学数据。实验结果表明,甲钴胺在纯溶剂水或乙醇中的溶解度随着温度的升高而增加;此外,甲钴胺在丙酮：水=8：1混合溶剂中几乎不溶解。采用Apelblat模型和经验多项式方程关联测定结果,其溶解度关联值和实验值比较吻合。这为采用溶析结晶法分离甲钴胺提供了理论基础。     

碳酸二苯酯在乙醇-碳酸二乙酯中固液平衡的测定与关联

采用激光法测定了碳酸二苯酯(DPC)在乙醇 碳酸二乙酯(DEC)混合溶剂中的溶解度。结果表明,在283.15～333.15 K下,碳酸二苯酯在混合溶剂中的溶解度随温度的升高而增大;相同温度下,溶解度随着乙醇浓度的增大而减小。进一步选用Wilson方程和λh方程拟合DPC的溶解度, 根据实验数据回归了模型参数,溶解度拟合值与实验值非常吻合,平均误差小于2.0%。计算表明Wilson方程对碳酸二苯酯-乙醇-碳酸二乙酯体系的计算精度更高些。     

反式-4-羟基环己基地氯雷他定溶解度测定关联

采用高效液相色谱法测定了常压下在293.15~323.15 K温度范围内反式-4-羟基环己基地氯雷他定在水、质量分数为10% 的甲醇-水、质量分数为20% 的甲醇-水、质量分数为10% 的乙醇-水和质量分数为20% 的乙醇-水中的溶解度,并采用Apelblat方程和λh方程对所得到的溶解度数据进行关联拟合,通过van't Hoff方程计算了其在不同溶剂中的溶解焓和溶解熵。发现反式-4-羟基环己基地氯雷他定的溶解度随着温度的升高和溶剂极性的降低而升高,其溶解过程在实验温度范围内,在所选溶剂中均为吸热熵增过程。     

甘氨酸在丙酮-水混合溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联

采用平衡法测定了278.15~313.15 K甘氨酸在纯水及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度;采用Apelbla t经验方程和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程分别对甘氨酸在纯水和丙酮-水体系中的溶解度数据进行了关联,并对(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程进行了温度影响分析。结果表明,甘氨酸在纯水中的溶解度随着温度的升高而增大;甘氨酸在丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度随着丙酮与水的质量比的增加而变小;当丙酮与水的质量比达到实验中最大值即4时,甘氨酸的溶解度接近于0;在相同丙酮与水的质量比下,甘氨酸的溶解度随着温度升高而有所增大。甘氨酸在纯水及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度模型关联的标准方差均能达到1×10-4,精度满足工程需要。实验数据及相应模型为甘氨酸结晶过程分析和设计提供了重要依据。     

地高辛在不同溶剂中的溶解度测定及关联

在278. 15～323. 15 K下采用静态平衡法测定了地高辛在乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、甲醇-水体系(甲醇体积分数为80%)及乙醇-水体系(乙醇体积分数为80%、60%、40%、20%)中的溶解度数据,采用Apelblat方程、多项式经验方程和λh方程对地高辛的溶解度进行关联。实验结果表明,8种溶剂中,地高辛的溶解度均随温度的升高而增加,在80%乙醇水混合溶剂中溶解度最大,在20%乙醇水中溶解度最小,几种热力学模型对地高辛的关联效果也很好。经热力学理论分析,计算溶解焓与溶解熵可知地高辛的溶解过程为吸热过程。地高辛溶解度的测定及关联为其工业化纯化溶剂的选择提供重要理论依据。     

三乙醇铝溶解度的测定及关联

采用激光辅助的合成法测定了一定温度范围内(从297.30 K到340.36 K)三乙醇铝在有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿、环己烷、甲苯、对二甲苯)中的溶解度数据。结果显示三乙醇铝在有机溶剂中的溶解度随温度升高而增加,且其在甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷中的溶解度远高于在乙醇、氯仿中的溶解度。溶解度的实验数据通过Apelblat方程进行了关联计算,结果显示实验数据与计算数据之间的相对偏差均小于0.01,平均相对偏差均小于0.005,表明Apelblat方程在该研究的温度和溶解度范围内是适用的。     

Screening of Binary Solvent Mixtures and Solvate Formation of Indomethacin

The applicability of solubility parameters and solvent activity in the screening of binary solvent mixtures was studied. The solubility of indomethacin was measured in binary mixtures of dichloromethane, acetone, and ethyl acetate with methanol and ethanol. Solubility extremes in the mixed solvents were observed. The solubility maxima were related to the excess Gibbs free energy of the solvents and the hydrogen bonding term of the Hansen solubility parameter. The solvates of indomethacin were characterized with a confocal Raman spectrometer, and the desolvation of the solvates was investigated with thermogravimetry.     

Solubility measurement and thermodynamic properties of sulfamonomethoxine in pure solvents and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate in acetone + water binary solvent at different temperature

The experimental solubility of sulfamonomethoxine in six different pure solvents (methanol,ethanol,1-propanol,l-butanol,ethyl acetate and acetone) and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate in acetone + water mixture solvents were measured from 294.55 K to 362.15 K by a laser dynamic method under atmospheric pressure.Experimental results indicated that the solubility data of sulfamonomethoxine increased with temperature increasing in pure solvents and the solubility followed this order:acetone ＞methanol ＞ ethanol ＞ ethyl acetate ＞ 1-propanol ＞ 1-butanol,but solubility in ethyl acetate was not affected significantly by temperature.In acetone + water mixture solvent,the solubility of sulfa-monomethoxine hydrate increased with temperature and the acetone concentration.Thermodynamic equations were applied to correlate solubility data of sulfamonomethoxine and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate including the modified Apelblat equation,λh equation,Wilson equation,NRTL equation,Van't Hoff-Jouyban Acree equation and modified Apel-Jouyban-Acree equation.Furthermore,thermodynamic properties △Gd,△Hd and △Sd of sulfamonomethoxine and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate in dissolution process were obtained and discussed with the modified Van't Hoff equation and Gibbs equation.     

Measurement and correlation of solubility of trimethylolethane in different pure solvents and binary mixtures

The solubilities of trimethylolethane in butanol,methyl acetate,ethyl acetate as well as in mixed solvents of (methanol + ethyl acetate) and (ethanol + ethyl acetate) were measured with the gravimetTic method in the temperature range from 283.15 K to 318.15 K under atmosphere pressure.The experiment results showed that the solubility of trimethylolethane increased with the temperature,or along with the concentration of methanol or ethanol in the solvents of (methanol + ethyl acetate) and (ethanol + ethyl acetate).In addition,the experiment values were correlated by the van't Hoffequation,Modified Apelblat Equation,λh Equation,CNIBS/R-K equation and Jouyban-Acree Model.The Modified Apelblat Equation provided the best fitting results of the solubility data of TME in the pure solvents while the CNIBS/R-K model showed the best estimation of the solubility in the binary solvent mixtures.Furthermore,the density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that solubility in different solvents related to the strength of the interaction between the trimethylolethane and the solvent molecules.Finally,the standard molar enthalpy and molar entropy of trimethylolethane during the dissolving process was also calculated by Modified Apelblat equation in this work.     

Determination and correlation solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in twelve pure solvents from 278.15 K to 323.15 K

In this paper, the solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in twelve pure solvents (toluene, benzene, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetone, GBL, ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, DMF and NMP) were determined by using the laser monitoring system from 278.15 K to 323.15 K under 101.1 kPa, which are 0.00018-0.00070, 0.00021-0.00073, 0.00034-0.00092, 0.00038-0.00142, 0.00047-0.00120, 0.00126-0.00303, 0.00225-0.00517, 0.00310-0.00724, 0.00467-0.00982, 0.00453-0.01940, 0.01947-0.04652, and 0.04670-0.07452, respectively. At constant temperature, the mole fraction solubility of 4-nitroimidazole were increased as the following order: toluene < benzene < 1,4-dioxane < (ethyl acetate or acetonitrile) < acetone < GBL < ethanol < (methanol or nbutanol) < DMF < NMP, and the solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in (ethyl acetate, acetonitrile) and (methanol, n-butanol) had an intersection point at 297.55 K and 281.85 K, respectively. The solubility of 4-nitroimidazole could be increased with increasing temperature in twelve pure solvents. The ideal model, modified Apelblat equation, polynomial empirical equation, and λh equation were used to correlate the experimental values. The experimental solubility values were employed to calculate the standard dissolution enthalpy, standard dissolution entropy and Gibbs energy. The dissolution of 4-nitroimidazole could be an endothermic process in twelve pure solvents. The determination and fitting solubility of 4-nitroimidazole have important guiding significance for the purification and crystallization of its preparation process.     

Determination and Correlation of Solubility of Nonivamide in Different Solvents☆

The solubility of nonivamide in dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, ace-tonitrile, n-hexane and water over the temperature range of 293.2 K to 323.2 K was mea...     

Determination and correlation solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in twelve pure solvents from 278.15 K to 323.15 K

In this paper, the solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in twelve pure solvents (toluene, benzene, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetone, GBL, ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, DMF and NMP) were determined by using the laser monitoring system from 278.15 K to 323.15 K under 101.1 kPa, which are 0.00018–0.00070, 0.00021–0.00073, 0.00034–0.00092, 0.00038–0.00142, 0.00047–0.00120, 0.00126–0.00303, 0.00225–0.00517, 0.00310–0.00724, 0.00467–0.00982, 0.00453–0.01940, 0.01947–0.04652, and 0.04670–0.07452, respectively. At constant temperature, the mole fraction solubility of 4-nitroimidazole were increased as the following order: toluene < benzene < 1,4-dioxane < (ethyl acetate or acetonitrile) < acetone < GBL < ethanol < (methanol or n-butanol) < DMF < NMP, and the solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in (ethyl acetate, acetonitrile) and (methanol, n-butanol) had an intersection point at 297.55 K and 281.85 K, respectively. The solubility of 4-nitroimidazole could be increased with increasing temperature in twelve pure solvents. The ideal model, modified Apelblat equation, polynomial empirical equation, and λh equation were used to correlate the experimental values. The experimental solubility values were employed to calculate the standard dissolution enthalpy, standard dissolution entropy and Gibbs energy. The dissolution of 4-nitroimidazole could be an endothermic process in twelve pure solvents. The determination and fitting solubility of 4-nitroimidazole have important guiding significance for the purification and crystallization of its preparation process.     

反式阿魏酸在溶剂中的溶解度

由微波辅助提取技术应用到从稻壳中提取阿魏酸的过程中，采用溶剂萃取法分离提纯反式-阿魏酸。本文研究了反式-阿魏酸在8种二元物系相平衡数据，采用激光监视技术测定了反式-阿魏酸在乙酸甲酯，乙酸乙酯，乙酸丁酯，甲醇，乙醇，二氯甲烷，三氯甲烷和水混合溶剂中的溶解度，并用简单模型进行了关联，其溶解度关联值与实测值吻合程度良好。     

SBS溶剂型胶黏剂黏度的控制

SBS溶解性好,可与很多聚合物相容,非常适宜制备溶剂型胶黏剂。苯、甲苯、二甲苯是SBS树脂的良溶剂,但毒性大,故为SBS树脂选用LD50〉5000mg／kg的无毒溶剂-丙酮、乙酸乙酯和汽油调配混合溶剂。SBS弹性体本身并无粘接性,必须配合适当的增黏树脂改性。黏度是胶黏剂的重要技术指标。研究了汽油、丙酮和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂组分对黏度的影响。讨论了增黏树脂及其混合体系对黏度的影响。研究了增黏树脂含量和固含量对黏度的影响。结果表明,乙酸乙酯含量高,黏度低;添加增黏树脂混合体系比添加单一增黏树脂,黏度高;固含量高,黏度高;增黏树脂含量高,黏度低。乙酸乙酯含量、增黏树脂含量和固含量等是控制SBS溶剂型胶黏剂黏度的有效手段。     

Crystallization thermodynamics of 2,4(5)-dinitroimidazole in eleven pure solvents

2,4(5)-Dinitroimidazole (2,4(5)-DNI) is an important energetic material, and it is also an important precursor for the preparation of drugs and energetic materials. In this study, the solubility of 2,4(5)-DNI in eleven pure solvents (chlorobenzene, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, water, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, 1,4-dioxane and acetone) were measured by using a dynamic test method from 278.15?K to 323.15?K under 101.1?kPa. Four solubility models were used to fit the experimental data, which were ideal model, modified Apelblat equation, polynomial empirical equation, and λh equation. Meanwhile, the relative average deviation and root-mean-square deviation between the experimental data and the fitted data were also calculated. Furthermore, the three thermodynamic parameters, i.e., dissolution enthalpy, dissolution entropy and Gibbs energy were obtained based on solubility data. Finally, the crude product of 2,4(5)-DNI was crystallized with acetone as solvent, and the purity of the crystalline product was greater than 99.5%.     

TNAZ在乙醇-水二元溶剂中的溶解度

采用动态激光监测技术测定了温度为293.15~323.15K时TNAZ在乙醇-水二元溶剂体系中的溶解度。结果表明,TNAZ在乙醇-水二元溶剂中的溶解度是温度和溶剂比例的函数,溶解度随温度的升高而增大,温度293.15~323.15K时,TNAZ在纯乙醇溶剂中溶解度变化为0.01349~0.03935mol/mol;293.15K,水的摩尔分数0~0.9189时,TNAZ的溶解度变化为0.01349~0.00007mol/mol。实验数据采用Apelblat经验方程(lnx1=a+b/T+clnT)和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程(lnx1=B0+B1x2+B2x22+B3x23+B4x24)进行关联,关联效果良好(R20.96)。所测定的溶解度数据与关联模型可以作为基础热力学数据和模型在TNAZ结晶生产实践中应用。