介孔炭的应用研究进展

介绍了介孔炭在吸附、催化、模板材料及其他领域的应用现状及发展趋势。介孔炭作为吸附材料,在生物、环保、储能领域有了一定的应用。介孔炭作为新兴的催化剂载体,在电化学领域、石油化工领域、有机及无机化学领域的研究较多,指出进一步分析其特性,提高催化剂活性组分的分散性,简化工艺,降低成本是介孔炭在该领域的研究重点。同时也介绍了介孔炭作为模板材料及纳米反应器的探索性研究。     

煤基石墨烯及复合材料在储能领域的应用

石墨烯及复合材料具有比表面积大、电导率高、导热性能和力学性能良好等优点,在电极材料、传感器、储氢材料等领域具有广泛的应用。但以高碳含量的天然资源煤为前体制备煤基石墨烯及复合材料达到煤炭清洁高效利用的研究目前报道有限,尤其是将其作为电极材料应用到储能领域的研究较少。本文重点总结了以不同煤质及衍生物为原料构建不同形貌和结构的煤基石墨烯及复合材料的方法以及存在的问题,详细介绍了煤基石墨烯及复合材料在储能领域,尤其是超级电容器、锂离子电池及钠离子电池领域的应用研究现状,最后提出了当前煤基石墨烯及复合材料的主要研究方向。该综述旨在为煤基新型石墨烯及复合材料的制备开发以及在储能领域的应用提供一定的思路。     

形状记忆弹性体的研究进展

介绍了近年来形状记忆弹性体的研究概况,总结了当前该研究领域中取得的若干研究成果及应用现状.展望了形状记忆弹性体在不同领域中的研究与应用前景.     

限域传质分离膜

阐述了限域传质分离膜的研究背景及现状,分析了该领域面临的关键科学问题及研究思路,介绍了我国在此领域的研究进展,并提出了未来的发展方向。     

有机锗化合物在医药保健及食品领域的应用及研究进展

有机锗在医药保健、食品等领域的应用研究已成为医药、化学等科学界研究的前沿课题之一。综述了有机锗的制备及其在医药保健及食品领域的应用及研究进展,探讨了有机锗对于人体健康的重要作用,以期提高有机锗在药品、保健品及食品领域的开发利用。     

热解法在废线路板处理处置中的应用研究进展

综述了热解技术在废线路板处理处置过程中的研究现状,重点分析了热解动力学及热解机理、热解产物回收及其利用、溴的脱除和其他热解技术的研究现状,探讨了废线路板热解技术目前面临的问题,提出了后续该领域的研究方向,有利于促进该领域绿色工艺的发展。     

我国航空涂料技术进展分析

分别阐述了航空飞行器用涂料的分类和组成,包括航空器非金属外表面、舱内、发动机、零部件及特殊专用涂料等.介绍了我国近年来航空涂料新技术的发展和应用情况,对比了各类航空涂料在国内外的研究及应用状况,研究分析了“十一五”期间我国在航空飞行器用涂料领域取得的进展及存在的不足,同时探讨了业内研究机构及企业在该领域的技术发展方向.     

矿物在电化学储能领域的应用研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

为了能够较为全面地了解矿物在电化学储能领域的研究进展与发展趋势,对该领域的相关研究进行了全面梳理和分类,重点介绍了矿物在二次电池或超级电容器的电极、电解质、隔膜等关键材料中的应用研究进展,并讨论了目前该领域发展存在的问题、挑战及发展趋势,为相关领域的研究人员提供参考。     

金属卟啉在新型材料领域的应用进展

作为新型材料其中一员,卟啉及金属卟啉在光电器件、医药和功能材料等领域具有重要的研究意义和广泛的应用前景。本文综述了近年来卟啉及金属卟啉化合物在新型材料方面的研究,重点介绍了金属卟啉化合物在电化学、分子自组装及催化等方面的应用新进展,并对其未来在新型材料领域的研究进行了展望。     

介孔分子筛SBA-15的研究进展

自从介孔分子筛SBA - 15首次合成出来 ,成为众多研究领域的一个研究热点。文章综述了介孔分子筛SBA -15的合成及机理 ,影响孔径尺寸的因素及研究应用进展 ,介孔分子筛SBA - 15在催化、吸附和分离及纳米材料等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

Preliminary study on mechanism of confined mass transfer and separation: “secondary confinement” effect of interfacial adsorption layer

The confined mass transfer separation membrane is mainly for the high-precision separation process at the molecular/ion level, which is of great significance to solve the application needs of CO₂ separation, azeotrope separation, lithium extraction from salt lake, desalination of seawater and so on. However, at present, the research of the confined mass transfer mechanism of this kind of membrane is lagging behind, and the theoretical models of confined mass transfer are lacking, which can no longer meet the needs of the rapid development of materials and chemical engineering. From the perspective of meso-science, the abnormal phenomenon of high flux and high selectivity of the confined mass transfer separation membrane is considered, that is, breaking through the trade-off effect, which is governed by compromise-in-competition between the selectivity mechanism and the flux mechanism. It is found that the fluid molecules will preferentially adsorb at the interface and form a stable adsorption layer. Based on this, the hypothesis of “secondary confinement” is put forward, that is, the surface induced new solid-like interface will have confinement effect on the intermediate fluid again. By comparing the pore size and the secondary confined size of the confined mass transfer separation membrane, the selective mechanism of the secondary confinement is further confirmed, and the quantitative prediction of the membrane flux and selectivity is preliminarily explored by combining the selective mechanism and the flux model, which may provide a theoretical basis for the precise construction of the limited area mass transfer membrane.     

限域传质分离机制初探：界面吸附层的“二次限域”效应

限域传质分离膜主要面向分子/离子水平的高精度分离过程，对解决CO₂分离、共沸物分离、盐湖提锂、海水淡化等重大应用需求具有重要意义。然而目前，这类膜的限域传质机制研究滞后，理论模型缺乏，已不能满足材料和化工等学科高速发展的需求。用介科学观点思考限域传质分离膜同时具有高通量和高选择性这一反常现象，即突破Trade-off效应，这是选择性机制与通量机制之间的竞争与协调导致的。纳微固液界面处流体分子在界面处会优先吸附，形成稳定的吸附层，基于此本文提出了“二次限域”的假说，即界面诱导的类固态新界面会对中间流体再次产生限域效应。通过对比限域传质分离膜的孔道尺寸与二次限域尺寸，进一步认知了二次限域的选择性机制，并结合选择性机制与通量模型对膜通量和选择性的定量预测进行了初探，以期为精密构建限域传质膜提供理论基础。     

Construction of molecule-selective mixed matrix membranes with confined mass transfer structure

Extraordinary mass transfer phenomenon is usually found when the small molecules pass through a confined structure, whose effective size is commensurate with the mean free path of the molecules. Small changes in the confined mass transfer structure (including size, morphology and properties) will lead to significant fluctuations of the mass transfer coefficient. The mass transfer of the penetrant molecules in the dense membranes for pervaporation, gas separation and so on, is located in the scope of confined mass transfer. Incorporating nanofillers into polymer matrix to construct mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is an effective approach to tune the confined mass transfer structure and enhance the performance of the widely used polymeric membranes. This reviewfocuses on the construction andmanipulation of the confined structure in the polymeric membranes via incorporating one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fillers.The comparison of the MMMs for pervaporation is summarized, and the research prospective of the MMMs is provided.     

Electrochemical incineration of oxalic acid: Reactivity and engineering parameters

Mass transfer measurements were carried out to test a disk-shaped parallel-plate electrochemical cell, based on a new design. The impinging-jet-cell concept, confined between parallel plates, was adapted to a configuration with one central inlet and several peripheral exit sections, leading to more effective hydrodynamics within the cell. Measurements of mass transfer coefficient were performed using the limiting diffusion current technique based on ferro-cyanide ion oxidation, and overall mass transfer coefficients were correlated to Reynolds numbers ranging from 30 to 200.  A comparison with literature on similar devices showed higher mass transfer coefficients can be obtained in the cell described in the present work. From the mass transfer standpoint, this type of cell could be a valuable tool in electrochemical wastewater treatment applications.  The electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid was tested at different anode materials (Pb/PbO₂, boron-doped diamond, Ti/Pt and Ti/IrO₂–Ta₂O₅), showing that the new cell design enables limitations usually encountered with conventional batch cells to be overcome. However, the nature of the anode material remains an important parameter for the elimination of organic substrates.     

受限空间内浮升气泡与液体间传质行为实验研究

采用紫外诱导荧光(UIF)实验方法,研究Hele-Shaw狭缝受限尺度对受限空间内浮升气泡流体力学与气液传质行为的影响。实验中以二苯并[b,e]吡啶作为荧光剂实现了受限空间内CO₂溶液浓度分布及其气泡运动速度的定量测量,获得了CO₂在受限空间内运动过程中的传质量和气泡动力学参数,并分别计算气泡受限空间内液膜区和自由接触区的传质速率。分析得到受限空间中不同狭缝宽度内CO₂的传质行为,分析了受限尺度对CO₂-水体系传质过程的影响。     

受限空间内浮升气泡与液体间传质行为实验研究

采用紫外诱导荧光(UIF)实验方法,研究Hele-Shaw狭缝受限尺度对受限空间内浮升气泡流体力学与气液传质行为的影响。实验中以二苯并[b,e]吡啶作为荧光剂实现了受限空间内CO₂溶液浓度分布及其气泡运动速度的定量测量,获得了CO₂在受限空间内运动过程中的传质量和气泡动力学参数,并分别计算气泡受限空间内液膜区和自由接触区的传质速率。分析得到受限空间中不同狭缝宽度内CO₂的传质行为,分析了受限尺度对CO₂-水体系传质过程的影响。     

液相中气泡上升行为与界面传质:实验研究与数值计算

在工业生产过程中，气泡在液相中的上升行为及气液界面的传质行为极为常见。本文针对不同条件下气泡上升过程的实验研究方法以及数值计算方法进行了总结。从实验与数值计算的角度，综述了单气泡上升过程的影响因素、多气泡上升过程聚并与破裂的现象和机理以及工业装置中气液两相流型和气泡特性，并对传质模型进行了归纳，主要关注了气侧-界面传质模型的研究现状。综述结果表明：当前对于单气泡上升行为的研究较为充分，而对于多气泡的行为机理的研究尚需深入。此外，受到研究手段的限制，进行气侧-界面传质模型研究具有一定挑战性。针对当前的相关研究进展和存在的问题，对今后气泡上升行为和传质行为的研究提出以下建议，即开展气泡聚并与破裂可控性研究，强化对气侧-界面传质过程的研究，包括泡内流体行为可视化研究和相关传质模型的建立。     

气-液微反应技术:研究现状与挑战

Gas-liquid microreaction technology has shown great potential in a variety of industrial relevant mass transfer operations and reactions. This paper outlines the current research status of this technology with emphasis on reactor design, hydrodynamics and mass transfer phenomena as well as reaction applications. The future challenges of this important technology are also summarized.     

具有限域传质效应的碳基分离膜——从碳纳米管膜到石墨烯膜

限域传质是流体分子通过与其运动自由程相当的传质空间的过程,流体分子与限域壁面的作用与和流体分子间的相互作用决定了传质效率。当碳通道尺寸小于10 nm时,由于其壁面具有无摩擦效应,导致传质阻力小;因此,具有限域传质效应的碳基分离膜传质通量和选择性都高,有望成功突破渗透性和选择性的博弈效应。本文综述了近年来具有限域传质效应的碳基分离膜的研究进展,主要介绍了两类碳基分离膜,规整排列的碳纳米管膜和层层堆叠的石墨烯膜,概述了这两类膜的限域传质机理、构筑方法及其在水处理、脱水、脱盐、离子分离、气体分离等领域的应用。此外,展望了具有限域传质效应的碳基分离膜的发展及需要解决的问题。为创制新一代兼具高渗透性和高选择性的限域传质效应的分离膜的设计制备与应用提供了参考。     

Ionic mass transfer at horizontals disc electrodes under longitudinal vibration

A dimensionless correlation for ionic mass transfer at horizontal discelectrodes under longitudinal vibration has been obtained. Within a certain range of amplitude and frequency the flow is confined to a cylinder adjacent to the electrode. The fluid boundary layer thickness is rapidly reduced when either the frequency or the amplitude is increased. The longitudinal vibration, under controlled potential conditions, produces an ac component in the total current. A comparison of the mass transfer rate equation with others corresponding to different flow regimes reveals that a critical flow rate exists, above which vibration is more efficient than conventional agitation in increasing the mass transfer rate.