内插松弛扭带波节管的流动与传热特性的数值模拟

采用RNG k-ε数值模拟方法研究一种新型内插松弛扭带波节管(CLT)的流动与传热特性。将数值模拟结果与自建实验台的实验结果进行了对比验证;比较了CLT和内插松弛扭带光管(SLT)的传热性能差异;考察了CLT中扭率和余隙比对流动和传热特性的影响规律。研究结果表明CLT相比于传统的SLT,传热性能最多提高1.17倍,综合传热性能的绝对数值最多增加0.15。CLT的综合传热性能随着扭率的增加而增加,而增加的幅度却逐渐减小,高Reynolds数时减小的程度更加显著。同时,综合传热性能随着余隙比的增大而降低并且降低的幅度也逐渐减小,在低Reynolds数时明显降低,而在高Reynolds数时略微降低。综合考虑,低Reynolds数时应该选择余隙比低的扭带,而高Reynolds数时则应选择余隙比高的扭带。     

内置扭带换热管数值模拟及结构参数优化研究

采用数值模拟方法对内插扭带式换热管换热过程进行模拟,分析了管内流动与传热特征,研究了扭带尺寸参数对管内流动与传热的影响。结果表明,随扭带余隙率增大,传热系数逐渐减小,传热性能降低,但过小的余隙率会增大摩擦阻力。传热系数随扭距增加先增大后减小,阻力系数随扭距增加逐渐减小。综合考虑扭带参数对传热与流动的影响,对换热管内置扭带的结构参数进行了优化。     

外凸式波节管结合内插扭带复合强化换热性能分析

针对一种新型的外凸式波节管结合内插扭带（CT）的流动与传热特性进行了RNGk-ε数值模拟研究。数值结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了数值模型的精确性。将CT和传统的光管结合内插扭带（ST）的流动与传热特性进行了对比研究,揭示了其复合强化换热机理。结果表明CT相比于传统的ST,传热性能以及综合传热性能最多分别提高1.48和1.3倍,并且在低Reynolds数时提高得更加明显。CT在波节与扭带的间隙区域形成了脱体涡旋,破坏了近壁面的热边界层,同时扭带增加了主流区的扰动,使得湍动能增加,因此波节和扭带的协同作用使管内达到了复合强化换热效果。     

外凸式波节管结合内插扭带复合强化换热性能分析

针对一种新型的外凸式波节管结合内插扭带(CT)的流动与传热特性进行了RNGk-ε数值模拟研究。数值结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了数值模型的精确性。将CT和传统的光管结合内插扭带(ST)的流动与传热特性进行了对比研究,揭示了其复合强化换热机理。结果表明CT相比于传统的ST,传热性能以及综合传热性能最多分别提高1.48和1.3倍,并且在低Reynolds数时提高得更加明显。CT在波节与扭带的间隙区域形成了脱体涡旋,破坏了近壁面的热边界层,同时扭带增加了主流区的扰动,使得湍动能增加,因此波节和扭带的协同作用使管内达到了复合强化换热效果。     

内置偏心多螺旋扭带换热管的传热特性研究

通过数值模拟对内置偏心多螺旋扭带换热管的传热特性进行了计算与分析,结果表明:换热管的对流传热强度随着扭带数量的增加而提高,随着扭带扭率的减小而提高。流动阻力损失相对于空管有很大程度的提高。传热性能评价指标在湍流时普遍较低,故多螺旋扭带换热管的使用应考虑流动阻力损失的影响。     

内置交错螺旋扭带换热管传热特性数值模拟研究

通过数值模拟对内置交错螺旋扭带换热管的传热性能进行了计算与分析,研究结果表明:换热管的对流传热强度随着扭带偏心率的增加而提高。流动阻力损失随着扭带偏心率的增加,先增加后降低,在偏心率为0. 2时,达到最大值。随着偏心率的增加,换热管的综合传热性能在Re=1000时,持续提高;在Re=10000时,先下降后提高。由此表明,在不同流动状态下,应选择不同的扭带偏心率来提高换热管综合传热性能。     

内插扭带强化换热过程及最佳螺距研究

与普通换热管相比,内插扭带传热管内由于螺旋涡的存在,使管内介质压力梯度增加、流速加快,从而提高管内传热系数。采用了FLUENT数值模拟计算,以水为管内流体介质,对内插扭带管进行传热特性分析。结果表明,随着雷诺数增大,努塞尔数呈直线增大,而摩擦阻力系数呈指数型减小;并且在相同雷诺数条件下,内插扭带管的摩擦阻力系数和努塞尔数均大于光管;通过综合因子评价方法确定了内插扭带强化换热的最佳螺距为50 mm,并且该方法适合于小雷诺数流动条件下的强化换热。     

内插不同形状涡产生器管内层流流动与传热特性的对比分析

内插扰流元件是一种可操作性强的管内强化传热方式，其强化传热机理主要是在管内诱导产生了二次流。在均匀壁温热边界条件下，对内插不同形状涡产生器管内层流流动与传热特性进行了数值分析。研究发现：在扭带基础上裁去部分面积相同的条件下，管内插等腰梯形涡产生器的换热能力最强，直角梯形涡产生器次之，矩形涡产生器的换热能力最差，管壁上的局部Nusselt数的峰值所在圆周位置及其大小与涡产生器形状有关，而不同形状的涡产生器对管内流动的阻力系数影响较小。插入涡产生器后，管内二次流强度参数Se和平均Nusselt数Nu均随Reynolds数Re的增大而增大，二者随Reynolds数Re的变化规律具有一致性。平均Nusselt数Nu与二次流强度参数Se呈幂函数相关，内插涡产生器管内的二次流强度决定了其对流换热强度。     

基于FLUENT的内插扭带波纹管内流场分析

利用流体力学软件FLUENT对波纹管与扭带结合时的流场及传热进行了数值模拟,结合场协同原理考察了不同结构参数和操作参数对流动和传热的影响。结果表明:在入口雷诺数5000~60000,内插扭带波纹管由于扭带的螺旋导流作用,使壁面边界层减薄,在流动区域形成漩涡产生二次流,强化了对流传热过程;插入扭带后的波纹管内的流动仍具有周期性的特点,压降比普通的波纹管增加了2~3倍,且扭率较小时压降较高;场协同角在管子入口处较小,随流动的进行逐渐增大并趋于稳定;协同角随入口速度的增大呈递增趋势;有扭带的波纹管较光管协同角减小了约10%,较普通波纹管减小了约2%,场协同程度随扭率减小而增强。     

扭曲管换热器壳程传热与压降性能的数值模拟

对扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程的流体流动和热量传递性能运用了可实现的k-ε模型进行了数值模拟,分析了不同的扭距对壳程传热性能的影响。结果显示努赛尔数和摩擦系数随着扭距的减小而增大。同时也分析了扭距对壳程总体传热性能的影响,结果表明壳程整体传热性能开始的时候随着扭距的增大而增大,随后随着扭距的增大而减小。并发现与相邻点相比,自支撑点的流速较小,温度较高,换热性能更好。在流道中可以发现较强的螺旋形流动,螺旋流的强度随着扭矩的减小而增大,同时能在椭圆形截面处发现不规则的二次流,二次流的大小随着扭矩的减小而增大。     

Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of turbulent flow through a circular tube fitted with helical screw-tape inserts

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of circular tube fitted with full-length helical screw element of different twist ratio, and increasing and decreasing order of twist ratio set have been studied with uniform heat flux under turbulent flow conditions. The Reynolds number was varied from 2700 to 13 500. The experimental data obtained are compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The maximum Nusselt number for the twist of 1.95 was obtained. The performance of the helical twist insert was compared with the twisted tape performance reported in the literature and found that it is better than twisted tape performance. The heat transfer augmentation for helical twist of increasing and decreasing order twist were also presented. The empirical correlations developed relating twist ratio and Reynolds number, are fitting the experimental data within ±13% and ±15% for Nusselt number and friction factor, respectively. The performance evaluation study has been presented to check the potential of using the helical twist insert.     

自旋扭带强化传热及旋转特性

旋转扭带是在固定式扭带基础上发展而来的, 因其特殊结构所以能在管内流体作用下产生自旋效果。本文对自旋式扭带旋转特性及强化传热特性进行研究。通过理论及实验研究管内自旋扭带旋转特性后得出:扭率越小, 扭带克服阻力起始旋转需要的流体速度越小;扭带转速与管内流体流速呈一次线性关系, 且扭带节距不变时线性比例基本保持不变。通过实验研究后得出:自旋扭带能达到很好的强化传热性能, 扭率越小其强化传热性能越明显, 同时阻力特性也越明显, 在雷诺数为4×10³～4×10⁴、扭率为3～8时, 换热管内摩擦因子增至1.7～3.5倍, 努赛尔数增幅为10%～37%。本文使用评估指标η对扭带进行综合评价, 得出扭率为7的自旋扭带具有最佳的综合性能。并分别拟合出摩擦因子及努赛尔数与雷诺数、扭率之间的关联式, 提出一种工程上自旋扭带选型方法。     

润滑油在内插同轴交叉翼型涡产生器管内流动与传热特性分析

以润滑油为工质,采用数值方法对圆管内插同轴交叉等腰梯形涡产生器的管内流动与传热进行了数值模拟,分析了不同结构参数如扭率（T_r=3,4,5,6）、间距比（S_s/W=0.8,0.9,1.1,1.2）和基带宽度比（W_b/W=0.30,0.45,0.60,0.75）对圆管内插同轴交叉等腰梯形涡产生器的管内流动与传热特性的影响。结果表明：在相同Re下,平均Nusselt数Nu_m、二次流强度Se、强化传热因子JF均随扭率和间距比的减小而增大,而其与基带宽度比的变化没有明显规律,阻力系数f随着扭率的减小和基带宽度比的增大而增大,间距比对f的影响甚微。在相同结构参数下,JF和Se均随Re的增大而增大。在Re=50~1000范围内,相比于光滑圆管,内插不同结构参数的同轴交叉涡产生器的Nu_m增加了32.8%~208.6%,f增加了3.38~8.92倍,JF最大可达1.434。Nu_m与Se呈幂函数相关,内插同轴交叉翼型涡产生器管内的二次流强度决定了其对流换热强度。     

Heat Conveyance Mechanism and Applications

The application of heat conveyance is presented under the assumption of low velocity and viscosity, and the factors affecting heat transfer are analyzed. Methods for reducing the flow resistance and increasing the efficiency of integrated heat transfer are presented after the characteristics of the vertical flow field are analyzed. The distributing rules of liquid flowing in the tube and heat transfer are obtained by numerical simulation, which shows that a full tube has the highest integrated heat transfer coefficient when the twisted‐tape insert is ca. 500–600 mm. The analyses indicate that the length of the twisted‐tape insert leads to a wide range of performance, i.e., a higher heat transfer coefficient can be obtained or the floating resistance can be lowered according to the actual working conditions. A higher level of integrated heat transfer coefficient is still maintained under such conditions. The above analyses indicate that the application of heat conveyance could guide the design of new enhanced heat transfer structures.     

扭曲三叶管传热与流阻性能的数值研究

扭曲管换热器是一种新型高效换热器。在扭曲管强化传热机理研究的基础上,提出了一种新的扭曲管管型--三叶管。验证了标准k-ω湍流模型在圆管及扭曲椭圆管计算中的精确度,并采用该湍流模型对扭曲三叶管Re在4000～20000范围内的传热和流阻性能进行了研究。计算结果表明,扭曲三叶管的Nusselt数比扭曲椭圆管大,虽然压差增大较多但综合传热性能比扭曲椭圆管高。这是由于扭曲三叶管特殊的三叶区结构以及过渡区曲率的变化,使得三叶管内的螺旋流动比椭圆管更为复杂,速度场与温度梯度场的协同程度更好。随着Reynolds数的增大扭曲三叶管的压差及Nusselt数都逐渐增大,但综合性能逐渐降低,在低Reynolds数下扭曲三叶管的强化传热效果较为明显。内切圆直径及过渡圆弧直径越小,扭曲三叶管的综合性能越好,其中内切圆直径的影响更为显著。     

扭带结构影响管内传热与熵产的研究进展

随着工业技术不断发展,传统换热管的传热方式已经无法满足高热流密度下的热量输运要求。扭带插入物是一种能够有效提高换热管传热效率的强化传热元件,以其结构简单、加工容易的特点受到了很多学者的关注和研究。管内流体的传热性能及熵产往往作为评价换热管性能的重要参数,因此扭带结构与流动工质对这些参数的影响成为近年来研究的重点。本文主要综述了近十年来不同结构扭带对管内传热与熵产影响的研究进展。首先,将文献中研究的扭带按照几何结构进行分类,阐述和分析了不同类型扭带对换热管的传热、熵产以及综合性能的影响,试图找出几何结构与换热管传热性能以及熵产之间的联系。其次,介绍了扭带与纳米流体复合传热技术的研究进展。最后,归纳了研究人员为达到传热性能最大化以及熵产最小化而建立的传热和熵产模型,并对模型的优缺点进行了评价。     

缩放管内插双扭带复合强化传热的数值模拟(英文)

The paper presents a 3D numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer and flow characteristics in converging-diverging tubes(CDs) and converging-diverging tubes equipped with twin counter-swirling twisted tapes(CDTs).The effects of Reynolds number(Re 10000-20000),pitch length(P 11.25,22.5 mm),rib height(e 0.5,0.8,1.1 mm),pitch ratio(δ1:8,5:4,8︰1),gap distance between twin twisted tapes(b 0.5,4.5,8.5 mm) and tape number(n 2,3,4,5,6) on Nusselt number(Nu),friction factor(f) and thermal enhancement factor(η) are investigated under uniform heat flux conditions,using water as working fluid.In order to illustrate the heat transfer and fluid flow mechanisms,flow structures in CDs and CDTs are presented.The obtained results reveal that all geometric parameters have important effects on the thermal performance of CD and CDT,and both CD and CDT show better thermal performance than plain tube at the constant pumping power.It is also found that the increases in the Nusselt number and friction factor for CDT are,respectively,up to 6.3%-35.7% and 1.75-5.3 times of the corresponding bare CD.All CDTs have good thermal performance with η greater than 1 which indicates that the compound heat transfer technique of CDT is commendable for the maximum enhanced heat transfer rate.     

Thermohydraulics of Turbulent Flow Through Heat Exchanger Tubes Fitted with Circular-rings and Twisted Tapes

The influences of circular-ring turbulators (CRT) and twisted tape (TT) swirl generators on the heat transfer enhancement, pressure drop and thermal performance factor characteristics in a round tube are reported. The circular-ring turbulators were individually employed and together with the twisted tape swirl generators in the heated section of the tube. Three different pitch ratios (l/D1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) of the CRT and three different twist ratios (y/W 3, 4, and 5) of the TT were introduced. The experiments were conducted using air as the working fluid under a uniform wall heat flux condition, for the Reynolds number between 6000 and 20000. The experimental results reveal that the heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal performance factor of the combined CRT and TT are considerably higher than those of CRT alone. For the range examined, the increases of mean Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance, in the tube equipped with combined devices, respectively, are 25.8%, 82.8% and 6.3% over those in the tube with the CRT alone. The highest thermal performance factor of 1.42 is found for the combined device consisting of the CRT with l/D 1.0 and TT with y/W 3. The correlations of the Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor of the tubes with combined devices are also developed in terms of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, twist ratio and pitch ratio.