废旧涤棉混纺织物稀酸法分离工艺研究

以废旧涤棉军装为原料,采用稀酸法分离废旧涤棉混纺织物中的涤纶和棉纤维,考察了盐酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间等工艺条件对涤、棉的分离效果以及分离后涤纶、棉纤维的形貌及结构性能的影响。结果表明:当盐酸质量分数10%,反应温度90℃,反应时间90 min时,废旧涤棉军装中的涤纶与棉纤维分离效果最佳;经盐酸处理后,织物中剩下涤纶,棉纤维被去除,棉纤维小部分降解为还原性糖,大部分降解为棉渣粉末;盐酸处理后的涤纶化学结构、断裂强度、纤维形貌基本无变化,但初始模量显著下降;棉纤维经盐酸处理后形成的棉渣粉末仍为纤维素结构,但其结晶度有所提高。     

再生涤纶DTY的可加工性研究

根据涤纶织物前处理和染整过程中要经受干热、湿热处理以及酸、碱、氧化剂、还原剂等化学试剂处理,选取合适的处理温度、时间及化学试剂浓度等对物理法再生涤纶DTY、化学法再生涤纶DTY与原生涤纶DTY进行处理,并对处理前后涤纶DTY的力学性能及结晶度进行比较。结果表明:处理后的再生涤纶DTY与原生涤纶DTY的力学性能变化趋势相同,且在同等处理条件下纤维断裂强度始终是原生涤纶DTY大于化学法再生涤纶DTY大于物理法再生涤纶DTY,断裂伸长率始终是物理法再生涤纶DTY大于原生涤纶DTY大于化学法再生涤纶DTY;再生涤纶DTY的干热处理温度应控制在160℃以内,湿热处理对其力学性能影响较小;高温浓酸处理易使再生涤纶DTY的断裂强度下降、断裂伸长率增加,高温浓碱处理易使其力学性能急剧下降;经氧化剂、还原剂处理之后,再生涤纶DTY的断裂强度与断裂伸长率均呈现下降趋势,但变化不大;经200℃、30min的干热处理或100℃、30 min的湿热处理后,3种涤纶DTY的结晶度趋于一致,酸、碱和氧化剂处理对纤维结晶度影响不大,而经5 g/L的还原剂处理后,纤维结晶度急剧下降。     

废旧棉纤维在酸水热条件下的形貌和结构变化

在酸水热条件下,研究反应温度、反应时间以及纤维浓度对废旧棉纤维结构与形貌的影响。结果表明,在酸水热条件下,随着反应温度升高、反应时间的增长、纤维浓度的增加,产物从纤维形态发生径向断裂呈块状,逐渐演变为碎屑及球状颗粒,棉纤维被水解碳化形成碳材料。棉纤维的纤维素水解与碳化是同步进行,纤维素非晶区部分的水解,水解产物发生碳化,同时结晶区部分纤维素继续水解,直至棉纤维的晶区全部水解并碳化完成。在160℃、纤维浓度0.16 g/100 m L、反应8 h时,可制备出表面光滑、粒径尺寸2³μm的均匀球状颗粒,表面有羟基、羰基等丰富的官能团,以无定型碳的形态存在。该研究为较低温度回收废旧棉纤维开辟了新方法。     

废旧棉纤维在酸水热条件下的形貌和结构变化

在酸水热条件下,研究反应温度、反应时间以及纤维浓度对废旧棉纤维结构与形貌的影响。结果表明,在酸水热条件下,随着反应温度升高、反应时间的增长、纤维浓度的增加,产物从纤维形态发生径向断裂呈块状,逐渐演变为碎屑及球状颗粒,棉纤维被水解碳化形成碳材料。棉纤维的纤维素水解与碳化是同步进行,纤维素非晶区部分的水解,水解产物发生碳化,同时结晶区部分纤维素继续水解,直至棉纤维的晶区全部水解并碳化完成。在160℃、纤维浓度0.16 g/100 m L、反应8 h时,可制备出表面光滑、粒径尺寸2~3μm的均匀球状颗粒,表面有羟基、羰基等丰富的官能团,以无定型碳的形态存在。该研究为较低温度回收废旧棉纤维开辟了新方法。     

以聚苯胺为导电覆盖层制备导电性涤纶的研究

将涤纶浸渍于苯胺和对甲苯磺酸溶液中，加入氧化剂使苯胺在涤纶上发生氧化聚合，制得聚苯胺／涤纶导电复合纤维。讨论了苯胺、介质酸的浓度及配比、反应温度和反应时间等对纤维导电性的影响。结果表明，采用此法制备的导电纤维具有良好的导电性能，物理机械性能及环境稳定性，其质量比电阻为１～１０Ω·ｇ／ｃｍ２。     

木棉纤维性能及其功能织物开发研究新进展

木棉纤维是一种绿色生态的天然纤维,由于其特殊结构及化学组成,可赋予织物吸湿保暖、抗菌防螨、防钻绒等多种功能。通过分析木棉纤维性能,结合由不同用途开发与生产的功能织物,进一步讨论了木棉纤维目前存在的问题与开发前景,为木棉纤维功能性织物的开发提供研发思路与参考实例。     

碱处理对CDP纤维与PTT/PA6复合纤维混纺织物的影响

以阳离子可染聚酯(CDP)纤维为经纱的主要成分,聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)/聚已内酰胺( PA6)复合纤维为纬纱,进行混纺获得CDP与PA6混纺织物.用不同碱浓度、温度和时间对混纺织物进行碱处理,考察了碱处理条件对碱减量的影响,研究了碱减量对混纺织物的力学性能、染色性能等的影响.结果表明:混纺织物的碱减量随碱浓度的...     

吸湿透气BS纤维织物的前处理工艺研究

研究了NaOH浓度、温度、时间等对BS纤维织物碱减量的影响及不同BS含量对织物舒适性能的影响关系,采用正交实验的方法确定了BS纤维织物前处理的最佳工艺条件。     

聚吡咯／粘胶导电复合纤维的原位聚合法制备

用较简便的液相原位聚合法制备了聚吡咯／粘胶导电复合纤维、讨论了吡咯、氧化剂和介质酸浓度、反应温度和反应时间对纤维导电性能的影响，并采用气相色谱法研究了吡咯聚合反应动力学。结果表明，该导电复合纤维具有良好的导电性、力学性能和环境稳定性，扫描电（ＳＥＭ）结果表明聚吡咯均匀地复合在每单根纤维上。     

基于灰色近优法的多组分功能混纺纱及其织物的性能评价

以远红外聚酯纤维、木棉纤维以及棉纤维为原料,纺制不同混纺比的多组分功能混纺纱线及织物,对比分析不同混纺比的混纺纱线的力学性能、成纱质量以及织物的保暖性、抗菌防螨性能;并采用灰色近优法评估混纺纱线的最佳混纺比。结果表明:混纺纱中远红外聚酯纤维含量高有利于提高纱线的力学性能;增加木棉纤维含量,混纺纱线的强力降低、毛羽数量增加、条干不匀率增大,但可提高织物的保暖性以及抗菌防螨性能;基于灰色近优法,远红外聚酯纤维/木棉纤维/棉纤维质量比为6/2/2时,混纺纱线及其织物的综合性能最佳。     

Flame‐retardant fabric systems based on electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers

To examine the feasibility of developing flame‐retardant‐textile coated fabric systems with electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposites, fiber webs coated on cotton substrates were developed to impart‐fire retardant properties. The morphology of the polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The flame‐retardant properties of coated fabric systems with different nanoparticle contents were assessed. The flame retardancy of the boric acid coated fabric systems was evaluated quantitatively with a flammability test apparatus fabricated on the basis of Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 Code of Federal Regulations part 1610 standard and also by thermogravimetric analysis. The 0.05 wt % boric acid nanocomposite fiber web coated on pure cotton fabric exhibited an increment in flame‐spreading time of greater than 80%, and this indicated excellent fire protection. Also, the coated fabric systems with 0.05% boric acid nanocomposite fiber webs exhibited a distinct shift in the peak value in the thermal degradation profile and a 75% increase in char formation in the thermooxidative degradation profile, as indicated by the results of thermogravimetric analysis. The results show the feasibility of successfully imparting flame‐retardant properties to cotton fabrics through the electrospinning of the polymer material with boric acid nanoparticles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

In situ polymerization of aniline on acrylamide grafted cotton

In this article, polyaniline (PANI)/cotton composite were prepared by in situ polymerization on the grafted cotton. First, acrylamide was grafted onto cotton cellulose using a radical graft polymerization process and some influencing factors were studied. Then polyaniline/cotton conductive composite fabrics were prepared by chemical in situ polymerization on the grafted cotton. The influences of the concentration of ammonium persulfate, aniline, hydrochloric acid, and the reaction time to the conductivity and K/S of composite fabric were studied. By contrasting, graft brought on an improvement of about one order of magnitude to the conductivity of composite fabric. The strength, TG, FTIR‐ATR, and SEM of prepared fabric were measured. The thermal stability and tear strength of composite fabric reduced, whereas PANI exhibited a rough but uniform, coherent PANI coating on surface of cotton fiber. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effect of cellulase pretreatment of raw and bleached cotton fibers on properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of enzymatic pretreatment of cotton (polysaccharides) fibers on the properties of resulting nonwoven fabric. Enzymatic treatment is known to improve the esthetical properties of fabrics but will likely lead to a reduction in strength. In the case of nonwovens the strength loss can be even more drastic as cellulase may attack bonded areas of the fabric. In this work, raw and bleached cotton fibers were treated with enzyme solutions prior to fabric formation to avoid possible damage to the bonded areas and improve strength retention. These fibers were first modified with commercially available whole cellulases and monocomponent endoglucanase enzyme solutions. Then they were formed into a fabric and bonded via hydroentangling. Parameters such as bending modulus, fabric tenacity, fiber strength, length and reducing power were measured for each sample. The pretreatment of cotton fibers prior to fabric formation showed that the resulting nonwovens could be stronger and more drapeable than the same fabric composed of untreated fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric from aqueous systems

The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric was studied relative to the surfactant concentration, surfactant type, water solubility, and fiber morphology. The adsorption increased with increasing surfactant concentration to a maximum near the critical micelle concentration, then decreased with further increases in surfactant concentration. The adsorption also was found to be highly dependent on the fiber surface area and pore structure; dramatic differences were observed between untreated and mercerized cotton fabric and are believed to be due to morphological differences. Cationic and anionic surfactants increased the aroma chemical adsorption, which varied with surfactant type, with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)>sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)>H₂O. Water solubility also influenced adsorption; in most cases, adsorption increased with water solubility. In addition, adsorption was also influenced by chemical structure and hydrophobic interactions. The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric can be attributed to the aqueous solution being physically held in capillaries and pore structures within the fibular structure of cotton fiber and also to molecular interactions among the aroma chemical molecules, surfactants, and cotton substrate.     

超仿棉纤维的开发及应用

介绍了棉纤维与涤纶短纤维在结构与性能上的区别,运用物理改性或化学加物理改性等多种技术对常规涤纶短纤维的形态、微观结构进行“改造”,使改性后的涤纶短纤维在手感、观感及性能上仿棉,功能上超棉,然后再通过纺织及后整理加工技术的整合提升,使超仿棉织物在手感、观感及穿着的舒适性和功能性等方面达到或超越棉织物.     

Microscopy Study of Distribution of Laundry Fabric Softener on Cotton Fabric

Distribution of fabric softeners on cotton terry cloth was studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The unsaturated groups in the quaternary fabric softeners were tagged with osmium tetroxide to provide contrast in the microscopy. Longitudinal specimens showed the fabric softeners distributed over the cotton fiber surfaces with more in the crenulation of the fiber. Cross sectional specimens revealed that the fabric softener was distributed throughout the cotton fibers with higher concentrations of fabric softener observed in the lumen and crenulation than in the secondary wall and non-crenulated fiber surface. This distribution of fabric softener is consistent with deposition on both external fiber surfaces and internal fibril surfaces. The deposition and final surface coverage is strongly dependent on the pH value of the washing medium. Repeated treatment cycles with fabric softener using a higher pH washing media resulted in higher concentrations of fabric softener on and within the cotton fibers. Neutral or lower pH washing media resulted in a somewhat constant concentration of fabric softener on and with cotton fibers with increased number of treatment cycles. Differences in perception of softness of the treated fabrics are not explained by differences in distribution of the fabric softener; it appear that there is an optimum amount of softener to achieve the desired sensory response and that further deposition build-up does not increase perception of softness.

Mechanical strength of durable press finished cotton fabric part V: Poly(vinyl alcohol) as an additive to improve fabric abrasion resistance

Multifunctional carboxylic acids, such as 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), are effective crosslinking agents for cotton cellulose and have become the most promising nonformaldehyde durable press (DP) finishing agents to replace the traditional formaldehyde‐based dimethyloldihydroxylethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and its derivatives. DP finishing imparts wrinkle resistance to cotton fabrics and also severely reduces the strength and abrasion resistance of finished fabrics. In this research, we investigated the use of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as an additive to improve the abrasion resistance of the cotton fabric crosslinked by BTCA. We found that addition of PVA improves the abrasion resistance of the crosslinked cotton fabric when the concentration of PVA exceeds 0.6% in the finish solution. We also found that the use of PVA as an additive has no negative effect on the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), DP rating, and tensile strength of the treated cotton fabric. This is probably because the molecules of PVA stay on the surfaces of the cotton fibers due to their large molecular sizes. PVA competes with cellulose to esterify BTCA, thus reducing the number of crosslinkages formed on the cotton fiber surface. The reaction of PVA and BTCA may also form a protective layer on the fiber surface, thus reinforcing the mechanically weak points on the fiber surface. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3940–3946, 2004     

Function of lipase in lipid soil removal as studied using fabrics with different chemical accessibility

Fatty stain removal is enhanced by the inclusion of lipase in washing compounds and leads to increased lipid removal from within the fibers. Cotton fabrics with varied morphology/chemistry were investigated to study the accessibility of soil in textiles to detergent and lipase. Three cotton fabrics (untreated, mercerized, and carboxymethylated cotton), differing in chemical accessibility, and Tencel^TM lyocell fabric, a microdenier manufactured cellulosic fiber, were subjected to three treatments—unwashed, washed with detergent, and washed with lipase—so as to understand further the effects of fiber morphology on lipase effectiveness. Both detergents and lipase removed more soil from the more chemically accessible and hydrophilic textiles. Lipase increased lipid removal for all fabrics and all morphological locations on the fiber, including fiber surfaces, interfiber capillaries, small capillaries, and the center of the yarn bundle. Lipase removed significant quantities of soil from the lumen in untreated and mercerized cotons; these fabrics showed the largest total increases in amount of lipid removed by lipase. When the fiber surfaces were smoother and the fiber structure was less open and not carboxymethylated, i.e., the mercerized cotton fabric, more lipase benefit was observed (72% of the residual soil left after washing with detergent was removed when lipase was added). The total soil removal from the mercerized cotton fabric by use of lipase was equal to that observed for the more open, hydrophilic carboxymethylated fabric and for the Tencel, which has no lumen or other morphological features of natural cotton such as crenulations. Lipase appeared to enhance lipid removal under conditions where removal by the detergent surfactant system was limited. Furthermore, we concluded that lipase acted to remove lipid soil from within the fibers by functioning at the interior surfaces of microfibrils and pores within the fiber structure at the lipid-water interface.     

Laccase‐mediated grafting of polyphenols onto cationized cotton fibers to impart UV protection and antioxidant activities

Enzyme‐mediated in situ functionalization of cotton fibers was studied using laccase. Caffeic acid and morin were used as reactive phenolic substrates for laccase and further employed to the modification of fiber surfaces. Laccase‐mediated oxidation and polymerization reactions of caffeic acid were monitored by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. During the wetting process, initial cationization of fiber surfaces using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) followed by enzymatic treatment with phenolic substrates resulted ineffective polymer grafting evidenced by high color stability. Changes of fiber surface properties by polymer grafting, such as morphology and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, were tested using scanning electron microscopy and gravimetric absorption tests. An acceptable level of color resistance to washing stress was obtained on caffeic acid treated samples, and a high level of rubbing resistance was obtained on samples treated with both caffeic acid and morin. Regarding the ultraviolet protection test, the cationized and enzymatically functionalized samples showed a very good protection grade (ultraviolet protection factor = 25). Finally, the antioxidant activity test of the modified fibers presented an improvement for radical scavenging potential due to the phenolic compounds incorporated to cotton fibers by laccase‐mediated catalysis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45801.     

Grafting of cotton fiber by water‐soluble cyclodextrin‐based polymer

β‐cyclodextrin (CD)‐based linear water‐soluble polymers were synthesized in a controlled manner by a one‐pot synthesis method. The synthesized water‐soluble polymer was covalently fixed onto cotton surfaces by a polycondensation reaction at controlled conditions. Grafting on cotton fibers transfers the cyclodextrin properties onto its surface. The grafting occurred through the formation of a crosslink between hydroxyl groups of cotton and CD polymer. This was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, tensile strength, computer color matching, and solvent fastness analysis. The tensile strength of modified fiber samples was unchanged as compared to that of unmodified fiber samples. The percentage of grafting depended on a number of parameters and specifically on (i) temperature, (ii) time, and (iii) pH of the reaction medium. Similarly, under optimum conditions the weight increase on cotton fabric due to the grafting reaction could reach 10–15 wt % The grafted cotton fabric shows good dyeability and solvent fastness properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009