二氧化硅/聚乙二醇/VAE乳液复合包膜缓释肥的制备及性能

以湿法磷酸脱氟制备氟化钾时的副产物二氧化硅,聚乙二醇,VAE乳液,丙三醇和磷酸铝为主要原料,以水为溶剂制成包膜乳液,采用多次雾化喷涂的方式对磷酸二铵颗粒肥料进行喷涂,制备了包膜缓释肥。研究了包覆率和二氧化硅加入量对其缓释性能的影响以及产品在土壤中的保水性能;并通过扫描电镜观察了包膜后肥料表面和剖面的形貌特征。结果表明:当包覆率达到40%时,产品的初期养分释放率小于15%,28天累积养分释放率小于80%,达到了缓释肥料国家标准GB/T 23348-2009的要求;产品在土壤中可以提高土壤的最大持水率和保水性能,对水资源利用率的提高具有重要意义,同时包膜材料还具有可生物降解、无环境污染等优点。     

高吸水树脂/海藻酸钠双层包膜氮肥的制备及性能研究

将尿素包埋于膨润土中制成肥料内核,以海藻酸钠作为内层包膜、水稻秸秆基高吸水树脂作为外层包膜,通过圆盘造粒法制备双层包膜氮肥,采用扫描电镜观察肥料形貌,通过静水浸泡法、土壤掩埋法、土壤最大持水率法测定肥料的缓释性能及在土壤中的吸水性能。结果表明,双层包膜氮肥具有较好的缓释性能,施入土壤可以有效提高土壤的持水量。     

具有吸水保水功能的缓释尿素的制备及其性能

以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、氨水,尿素、磷酸镁铵和腐殖酸钠等为主要原料,制备了一种既具有缓释性又可吸水保水的双层包膜尿素.对其制备条件进行了优化,得产品含氮量为26.3%,常压下吸自来水95倍;研究了产品在土壤中的吸水保水性和缓释性,推测了其释放过程机理;并通过扫描电镜检测了包膜尿素和膜层的形貌特征.结果表明:试验土壤中加入1%本产品,最大持水率提高14.3%,水分蒸发率明显降低,土壤具有很好的吸水保水性能,养分释放率在一个月内不超过80%.     

缓释复合肥料制备工艺研究

研究了以改性淀粉与聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料制备缓释复合肥料包膜料液的合成工艺,探索出其最佳配方:该料液w(固体)≈10%,m(交联剂):m(包膜料液)=6%,m(溶剂):m(包膜料液)=4%。用m(包膜料液):m(磷酸二铵)=6%包涂磷酸二铵制备的缓释复合肥料缓释性能良好,生产成本低廉,包膜材料可生物降解,环境污染小。     

肥料用聚苯乙烯包覆膜的制备及其性能研究

利用废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要材料,对尿素进行包膜来制备缓释化肥。筛选乙酸乙酯或甲苯为溶剂,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为增塑剂来降低聚苯乙烯的脆性,苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)树脂为增强剂来提高聚苯乙烯膜的附着力。结果表明,包膜液的浓度为12%,增塑剂的用量为3%,增强剂用量为1%,包膜肥料的包膜量为10%。用氮素水中溶出率法和土壤淋溶法研究包膜尿素缓释效果,肥料初期溶出率均低于40%,在土壤中累计溶出率比普通尿素有大幅降低。说明聚苯乙烯经过改性后对尿素包膜,制得缓释肥的缓释性能良好。     

包膜型缓释/控释肥料的研究现状和发展前景

对包膜型缓释／控释肥料的一些概念、包膜材料、制备工艺及性能的影响因素等方面进行了论述，并简单分析了缓释／控释肥料发展进程和发展前景。     

改性聚乙烯醇添加酒糟制备缓释肥包膜材料的表征及其性能

采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP），通过溶液共混的方式对聚乙烯醇（PVA）进行改性，添加酒糟（JZ）制备复合包膜材料，并对氮肥进行包膜制备缓释肥料。研究了JZ的添加量对复合包膜材料性能以及包膜肥料缓释性能的影响。结果表明：JZ与各组分之间通过氢键作用相互结合，相容性良好；JZ的添加使复合膜材料热稳定性得到了显著提高；120d PUPZ5复合包膜材料降解率相比未添加JZ提高了20.11%；随着JZ的加入，复合包膜材料的机械性能先增加后下降，当JZ与PVA的质量比为15∶100时复合膜材料的力学性能达到了20.75MPa，比未添加酒糟提高了528.79%，且缓释肥料具有良好的缓释性能，可以通过调节JZ在复合包膜材料中的含量来控制缓释肥料中N的释放速率。     

微晶化磷矿粉包膜缓释肥料对土壤有效养分的影响

以微晶化磷矿粉为主要膜材,研制了微晶化磷矿粉质量分数为0、40%、50%、60%的4种包膜肥料。研究了微晶化磷矿粉包膜缓释肥料对土壤有效养分含量的影响。结果表明:微晶化磷矿粉包膜肥料有利于提高土壤铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,改善土壤的养分特性;随膜材中微晶化磷矿粉含量的增加,包膜肥料的缓释性增强;膜材中微晶化磷矿粉质量分数为60%的包膜缓释肥效果略低于树脂包膜肥,而优于硫包膜肥料。     

粘土/聚丙烯酸（钾）复合材料的制备及性能研究

以部分中和的丙烯酸单体为原料,分别添加海泡石、蒙脱石、凹凸棒石,采用溶液聚合法制备粘土/聚丙烯酸（钾）复合材料,并制备粘土/聚丙烯酸（钾）包膜复合肥。探讨粘土种类、添加量对复合膜材料吸水倍率的影响。采用红外光谱对复合膜材料的结构进行表征。结果显示：海泡石、凹凸棒石和蒙脱石的添加量分别在2%、5%和10%时,复合材料的吸水倍率达到最大值;包膜肥料中N、P和K均具有较好的缓释效果。     

肥料用聚苯乙烯包覆膜的制备及其性能的研究

利用废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要材料,对尿素进行包膜来生产缓释化肥。筛选乙酸乙酯或甲苯为溶剂,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为的增塑剂降低聚苯乙烯的脆性,SBS树脂为增强剂提高聚苯乙烯膜的附着力。结果表明,包膜液的浓度12 %,增塑剂的用量3 %,增强剂用量1 %,包膜肥料的包膜量为10 %。用氮素水中溶出率法和土壤淋溶法研究包膜尿素缓释效果,肥料初期溶出率均低于40 %,在土壤中累计溶出率比普通尿素有大幅降低。说明聚苯乙烯经过改性后对尿素包膜,制得缓释肥的缓释性能良好。     

水性丙烯酸酯乳液包膜尿素研究

水性聚合物乳液包膜肥料技术在提高肥料利用率、有效控制农业污染方面发挥重要作用。采用预乳化半连续滴加的种子乳液聚合工艺合成水性丙烯酸酯乳液、高压喷枪喷涂包裹尿素制得包膜尿素;讨论了不同聚合硬软单体质量比、油水质量比、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量对乳液性质及包膜效果的影响,当聚合硬软单体质量比为48.0∶52.0、油水质量比为100∶120、w(引发剂)为0.5%、w(乳化剂)为2.4%时,包膜尿素缓释性较好。     

Properties of Coated Controlled Release Diammonium Phosphate Fertilizers Prepared with the Use of Bio-based Amino Oil

In an effort to enhance the efficiency of fertilizer use and minimize their negative impact on the environment, a novel biomass-based, functional controlled-release fertilizer was used to improve nutrient use efficiency and increase crop production systems for more sustainable agriculture practices. Here, bio-based amino-oil (Priamine) mixtures were proposed as an outer coating with different layers for the control of phosphorus release from diammonium Phosphate (DAP). These hydrophobic coatings conferred excellent barrier properties and flexibility to coatings. The morphological characterization of the coated fertilizer was performed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), electronic diffraction X-ray (EDX) and mapping, and revealed the formation of a cohesive film and a good adhesion between DAP fertilizer and coating film. The release rate of nutrients (phosphate) in water was investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The effect of coating thickness was investigated on release time and diffusion coefficient of phosphor release in distilled water. Release time increased with the coating thickness. The diffusion coefficient of nutrient release decreased with the coating thickness. Compared with uncoated granule which is totally solubilized after less than 2 hours, the P release profiles of the coated granules reached the equilibrium stage approximately after 98 and 126 hours when the DAP is coated with only Priamine single-layer (1L) and double-layer (2L), respectively. Moreover, the strategy adopted has successfully provided a very slow release and long-term availability of nutrient sources with bio-based coating oil compared to uncoated fertilizer (DAP) and therefore exhibited promising application for sustainable development of modern agriculture and circular economic.     

Preparation and characterization of triple polymer‐coated controlled‐release urea with water‐retention property and enhanced durability

Triple polymer coated with controlled‐release water retention fertilizer (TCWF) and enhanced mechanical property was developed by coating polyethylene (first layer), poly (acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) superabsorbent (second layer), and poly (butyl methacrylate) (third layer) consecutively on the granule core urea in the fluidized‐bed coater. The inner layer possessed controlled‐release property, the middle layer had water absorbent characteristic, and the thin outer layer aimed to protect the fragile layer of the superabsorbent. The relationship between the thickness of coating layer and the nutrient releasing properties was established. The effects of polymerization parameters on the water absorbency of the superabsorbent were studied and optimized as well. The nutrients release behaviors of this triple‐coated urea in both water and soil were investigated and compared. The results showed that TCWF not only performed as a good controlled‐release fertilizer but also had excellent water retention capacity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Granular urea‐formaldehyde slow‐release fertilizer with superabsorbent and moisture preservation

To improve the utilization of fertilizer and water resource at the same time, a new type of slow‐release fertilizer with superabsorbent and moisture preservation was developed, with the combination of slow‐release technique and superabsorbent polymers. The coatings were formed by the inverse phase polymerization technique. The element analysis results showed that the product contained 22.58% nitrogen element, and the water absorbency of the product was 94 times its own weight if it was allowed to swell in tap water at room temperature for 2 h. The results of the slow‐release behavior of N and the water absorbency and retention properties in soil showed that the product not only had good slow‐release property but also had excellent water absorbency and water retention capacity, which was a significant advantage over the normal slow‐release or controlled‐release fertilizers. The effects of the amount of initiator, crosslinker, reaction time, and the degree of neutralization of acrylic acid on water absorbency were investigated and optimized. At the same, a rather new and simple method was used to make homogeneous urea‐formaldehyde granules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3230–3235, 2006     

基于反应成膜技术的水基丙烯酸酯乳液包衣控释肥料的研制(英文)

Waterborne acrylic emulsions modified with organic siloxanes and aziridine crosslinker were synthesized and applied as coating of controlled release fertilizer. The free films were characterized and the nutrient release pro-files of the coated fertilizers were determined. The results show that methyl silicone oil and methylsilanolate so-dium could not improve water resistance performance and glass transition temperature Tg of coatings, while the firmness is enhanced. Aziridine crosslinker improves the water resistance performance, firmness and Tg. Incorpo-ration of methyl silicone oil and aziridine crosslinker gives an excellent aqueous acrylic emulsion for coated con-trol ed release fertilizer, with the 30-day cumulative nutrient release reduced to 16%and an estimated nutrient release duration over 190 days. Therefore, this waterborne coating is promising to meet the requirements for controlled release of nutrient and environmental protection.     

Application of waterborne acrylic emulsions in coated controlled release fertilizer using reacted layer technology

Waterborne acrylic emulsions modified with organic siloxanes and aziridine crosslinker were synthesized and applied as coating of controlled release fertilizer. The free films were characterized and th...     

包膜肥料控制释放速率的测定

分别用水浸泡法和土壤溶出率法测定了3种包膜肥料氮素的释放速率,研究了这两种测试方法的特点以及应用范围。结果表明：同一肥料在水中以及土壤中氮素的释放速率和释放模式有所不同;水浸泡法适用于水田用或者释放速率小的包膜肥料释放速率的测定,而土壤溶出率法适用于旱地上用或者释放速率大的包膜肥料释放速率的测定;水浸泡法可以快速比较不同包膜肥料的缓／控释性能,但与肥料在土壤中的实际释放期有偏差;土壤溶出率法能较好地模拟施肥的情况,但测试时间长。     

控释氮比例不同的缓控释掺混肥对小麦生长和土壤性状的影响

通过在麦田土壤施用控释氮比例（CNR）不同的缓控释掺混肥料,研究其对小麦生长和土壤性状的影响。结果表明,CNR分别为25％、40％的低氮处理（23—11-6）能显著增加小麦生物产量,二者与普通掺混肥处理（添加颗粒有机肥,MF）均能显著降低土壤体积质量,提高土壤持水性;MF处理小麦产量显著高于其他各处理;对照处理小麦植株全磷含量显著高于其他各施肥处理,说明不施肥条件下,能够促进小麦对磷素的吸收。     

包衣型缓／控释肥料研究进展

缓／控释肥料作为传统肥料的替代产品具有许多优点,能够大大提高肥料的利用率。因此,开发成本低、生产工艺简单且对环境友好的缓／控释肥是今后肥料领域研究的主攻方向之一。本文阐述了缓／控释肥料的类型,论述了国内外包衣型缓／控释肥料及其养分释放机理的研究现状,分析了国内外包衣型缓／控释肥应用现状及发展方向。     

松香甘油酯包膜肥料的制备及缓释性研究

首次以松香甘油酯为包膜材料、以石蜡为密封剂,制得了松香甘油酯包膜型缓释肥料,得到了最佳的包膜工艺。分别用淋溶法和水浸泡法研究了包膜肥料的缓释性,结果表明用石蜡密封后的包膜肥料缓释性显著提高。