利用生物质烘烤烟叶的研究

采用生物质气化发生装置将各类农作物秸秆、废弃烟杆、烟梗通过燃气发生炉进行控氧燃烧使其热解出由一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷等组成的可燃气体,经管网送往各烤房实现自动控制烘烤烟叶,通过实验得出生物质能源烟叶烘烤系统与传统烟叶烘烤系统从操作、烘烤工艺控制、烟叶品质、干烟成本和节能减排等方面的准确测试数据。     

腐植酸对植烟土壤的改良修复和烟叶品质影响研究进展

植烟土壤状况是影响烟叶品质的重要因素,加大植烟土壤的保育,才能生产出优质烟叶。分析了腐植酸对植烟土壤酸碱度、养分、水分状况、物理特性、微生物、酶活性等的影响及对养分失衡、受污染植烟土壤的修复效果,简要总结了植烟土壤上施用腐植酸对烟叶品质的影响,提出了今后烟草上推广使用腐植酸的重点工作,可为植烟区通过腐植酸改良修复土壤提供参考。     

烟草及其制品中有机酸测定方法研究进展

有机酸是烟叶香气物质的重要组成部分，直接影响烟叶及其制品的品质。有机酸可以调节烟草的pH值、平衡烟味，使口感醇厚；在电子烟中通过使用有机酸来降低游离烟碱比例并形成“烟碱盐”,促进烟碱被吸收。烟草及其制品的口感和香气与某些有机酸，特别是某些挥发性有机酸的含量密切相关，有机酸的种类和含量直接影响到烟草及其制品的香韵表现和感官品质，因此有机酸在传统烟草、新型烟草制品研究与生产都有着重要意义。本文通过对烟草有机酸近期研究报告的综合检索，综述了烟草及其相关制品的有机酸常用分析方法，以期为烟草及其相关制品中有机酸的含量检测提供相应的参考。     

固定化酶降解烟叶中淀粉的研究

将固定化α-淀粉酶和糖化酶制成乳状液,用以降低低次烟叶中淀粉的含量.考察了乳状液用量、温度、时间、烟叶水分含量对降解烟叶中淀粉的影响.确定降解的最佳条件为:α-淀粉酶和糖化酶的用量分别为16 U·g-1和80 U·g-1、烟叶水分含量20%～25%、降解时间15 h、降解温度50～55℃,此时可降解烟叶中30%的淀粉.     

植物基因活化剂威克多提高烤烟产量、质量效果试验

烤烟是重要的经济作物 ,烟草的品质决定卷烟成品的色、香、味及可吸性 ,决定烟草的工业利用价值和烟农的经济效益。目前 ,烟草仍存在叶小而薄、色淡、焦油含量高、化学成分不协调等状况 ,质量有待进一步提高。据资料报导 ,威克多能提高农作物产量 ,改善产品品质 ,提高植株的抗逆性 ,在烟草上有增产和提高上等烟叶比例的作用。为了探索威克多用于烤烟对烟叶产量、品质的影响 ,明确最佳的使用时期、浓度和次数 ,为烤烟大面积推广使用威克多提供科学依据 ,以期提高烟叶产量和质量 ,为此 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年 5月～ 9月 ,在重庆市彭水县桑柘镇组织…     

烟草蛋白质的利用及提取的研究进展

烟草在我国种植范围很广,近年来,其种植面积持续增长,据统计,仅2011年种植面积达123.87万m2。烟草含有众多有价值的成分,其中,蛋白质是含量最多的一种。烟草蛋白质在生化、饲用、食用、医药等方面都具有很高的应用价值。烟草蛋白质的提取工艺,在相关工作者的努力下也日趋成熟。作者综述了烟草蛋白质的提取以及综合利用,并展望了烟草蛋白质的发展前景。     

提高造纸法再造烟叶品质的研究进展

再造烟叶又称烟草薄片,是利用卷烟加工过程中废弃的烟梗、烟末和碎烟片等物质制成片状或丝状的再生产品,用作卷烟填充料。再造烟叶在卷烟生产中发挥着重要作用,不仅可以降低卷烟成本,而且可以改善卷烟的内在品质。本文综述了造纸法再造烟叶的加工性能、抽吸品质、辅料等方面的研究现状。     

活性物质降解烟叶中淀粉的工艺研究

对固定化酶乳状液添加剂与水溶液酶添加剂降低低次烟叶中淀粉的质量分数进行了研究,考察了两种方法降解烟叶淀粉的工艺条件,并通过实验得出了各自的最佳工艺条件,固定化方法为:α-淀粉酶16 u/g(烟叶),糖化酶80 u/g(烟叶),降解温度50~55℃,作用时间15 h,w(H2O)=20%~25%;水溶液酶为:α-淀粉酶16 u/g,糖化酶80 u/g,温度40~45℃,时间9 h,w(H2O)=20%~25%。结果表明,固定化酶处理烟叶,淀粉降解率为30.25%,好于水溶液酶的25.25%,特别在抽吸品质方面,前者处理明显好于后者处理。     

烟草抑芽剂In-D通过中试鉴定

烟草植株在生长过程中腋芽有强烈的萌发特性,同采收叶片争夺养分,不利于采收叶片的生长,从而影响烟叶的质量和产量,因此及时去除腋芽和防止腋芽再萌发,成为烟草生长后期田间管理的重要措施。然而人工抹芽却要花费很大的劳动,人工浪费很     

有机-无机烟草专用肥的生产与应用

试验研究了有机-无机烟草专用肥养分配比与生产工艺,及其对烟叶产量和品质的影响。与等养分S-NPK农田试验对比结果,烟叶明显增产,每667m2增值168元,中上等烟叶比例增加12.1%。     

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach to bulk tobacco flue-curing control process

Bulk tobacco flue-curing process significantly affects the quality and fragrance of cured tobacco leaves. The control of bulk tobacco flue-curing process is therefore quite important for tobacco industry. In this work, a neuro-fuzzy-based method for controlling bulk tobacco flue-curing process was proposed. In particular, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was developed to predict the set point changing time. To illustrate the applicability and capability of the ANFIS model, the proposed approach was tested with a bulk tobacco flue-curing barn database, which included totally 574 data sets obtained in the four curing cycles. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach could be applied successfully and provide high accuracy and reliability for bulk curing barns. Furthermore, to analyze how input factors affect the bulk tobacco flue-curing control process, the selection of input linguistic factors was also discussed. The factors of color and curing phase were found to have the most substantial influence on curing control process. A comparative study among the proposed neuro-fuzzy approach and other related methods was also performed. Both the statistical measures and visual assessment illustrated that the proposed ANFIS method outperformed the other methods in this study, which further showed the effectiveness and reliability of the neuro-fuzzy approach to bulk tobacco flue-curing control process.     

烟草特有亚硝胺降解技术研究进展

香烟在燃烧期间，烟草中的亚硝胺一部分可能转移进入烟气中，另一部分可能发生降解。本文综述了近几十年来国内外有关烟气中烟草特有亚硝胺的研究进展，阐述了烟气中特有亚硝胺的形成、危害及影响因素，介绍了各种亚硝胺的降解技术和方法。     

超临界CO2萃取烟草中茄尼醇的工艺研究

以烟草为原料,研究了超临界CO2萃取烟草中茄尼醇的过程。考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO2流量以及夹带剂浓度和流量等因素对茄尼醇质量收率的影响,并得到了萃取茄尼醇的适宜工艺条件：萃取压力25-35MPa,萃取温度35～45℃,CO2流量2．0～3．0L·min^-1,夹带剂85％乙醇,夹带剂流量0．25～0．35mL·min^-1,萃取时间2h。     

Effects of molding temperature and pressure on properties of soy protein polymers

Because of the worldwide environmental pollution problem with petroleum polymers, soy protein polymers have been considered as alternatives for biodegradable plastics. The objective of this research was to study the curing behavior of soy protein isolates (SPIs) for that application. The molding variables of temperature, pressure, and time and curing quality factors of tensile strength, strain, and water resistance were evaluated. The maximum stress of 42.9 MPa and maximum strain of 4.61% of the specimen were obtained when SPI was molded at 150°C and 20 MPa for 5 min. The water absorption of the specimen decreased as molding temperature and time increased. Glycerol greatly improved the flexibility of the specimen but decreased its strength. For SPI with 25% glycerol added, the maximum stress and strain of about 12 MPa and 140%, respectively, were achieved when the specimen was molded at 140°C for 5 min. Molding temperature, pressure, and time are major parameters influencing the curing quality of soy protein polymers. At fixed pressure, the molding temperature and time had significant interactive effects on curing quality. At high temperature (e.g., at 150°C) it took about 3 min to reach optimum curing quality; however, at low temperature (120°C) it took about 10 min to reach optimum curing quality. The maximum strength and strain of the cured protein polymer occurred at the molding temperature close to its phase transition temperature or about 40°C below its exothermic temperature. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2595–2602, 1999     

地聚合物力学性能主要调控因素的研究综述

地聚合物作为一种新型绿色胶凝材料,影响其力学性能的因素复杂多样.综述了影响地聚合物力学性能的三大主要调控因素:硅铝质原料、碱激发剂和养护制度,并把每种调控因素对力学性能影响规律与原因,结合当前的研究现状得出结论.硅铝质原料主要对比了偏高岭土、粉煤灰和高炉矿渣;碱激发剂从种类的选取、碱当量以及模数进行了比较;养护制度以初期养护时,升高不同的温度和升温时间的影响做出了对比.最后,说明了当前有机聚合物改性地聚合物的一些研究现状.     

丁腈橡胶模压制品质量的工艺影响因素

分析丁腈橡胶(NBR)模压制品质量的工艺影响因素。NBR模压制品产生质量缺陷的主要工艺因素为:胶料混炼工艺、胶料粘度、胶料停放时间、胶料尺寸,模具结构和尺寸公差、硫化温度、硫化压力和硫化时间等。采取针对性措施,可有效解决NBR模压制品的质量问题。     

微波提取红豆杉枝叶中多糖的工艺研究

在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,优化了皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖的微波提取工艺。研究了提取时间、微波功率、料液比和浸泡时间对红豆杉枝叶多糖提取率的影响,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的数学模型,确立最佳提取工艺。结果表明:皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖的最佳提取工艺为:微波提取6.11 min,液料比为30∶1,浸泡时间为119.21 min,微波功率为6 kW。该方法为提高皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖成分的提取提供了基础。     

废旧新闻纸中性脱墨工艺的研究

以国产废旧新闻纸为脱墨对象,考察了各个因素对中性脱墨效果的影响,包括碎浆质量分数、碎浆时间、复配脱墨剂、脱墨剂质量分数、熟化温度、熟化时间、浮选质量分数、浮选温度、浮选时间等9个因素,优化了脱墨工艺条件.实验结果表明,在碎浆质量分数2.0%,碎浆时间2 min,脱墨剂复配比例m(AEO_9):m(Tween60):m(AEO_7):m(K_(12))=10:10:55:25,脱墨剂质量分数1.0%,熟化温度70℃,熟化时间15 min,浮选质量分数1.0%,浮选温度50℃,浮选时间8 min的中性脱墨工艺条件下,脱墨效果较好.     

烤烟硅肥肥效及施用量的研究

本文以省内８个产烟县统一硅肥肥效试验结果中的产量及产值为依据，分别进行了各点试验及其同质检验试验的变量分析，其中多数试验的处理Ｆ值都达到显著标准。硅肥对烤烟增产增值是有效的，可信的，应注意因地制宜施用具佳施硅量。硅肥增产增值原因在于促进烤烟生长，增加叶面积及其指数，以及缓解烤烟病害，特别是炭疽病害，因而提高了烤烟中上等烟的比例。     

Pressure window analysis for thin laminated composites in autoclave process

The curing temperature, pressure, and curing time have significant influence on finished thermosetting composite products. The external pressure and the time of pressure application are two major factors affecting the laminate thickness, fiber volume fraction, and void content. Based on the resin flow/fiber compaction model and corresponding program developed by our group, the genetic algorithm is accepted to design the pressure window for the consolidation of thin laminate. The objective of the optimization is to find the time of pressure application that achieves the desired average fiber volume fraction under given pressure. The pressure windows are analyzed for S‐2 glass fiber/5228 and T700S/5228 laminates with unidirectional and bidirectional lay‐up. It is found that no special viscosity region can be defined as pressure window for many factors affecting the consolidation process. The fiber and lay‐up type largely affect the time of pressure application. For laminates with the same fiber and lay‐up type, the fiber distribution is not much influenced by pressure cycle. The uneven degree of fiber distribution is larger for the fiber bed having higher deformation properties. With the genetic algorithm optimization system, the time of pressure application can be gotten quickly. It is helpful for the improvement of composite parts quality, reduction of the fabrication cost. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers