全氟烷基表面活性剂强化池沸腾换热

针对不同浓度的全氟烷基碘化物（Le-134）水溶液进行了核态池沸腾换热实验研究。首先对Le-134的界面吸附特性及在紫铜表面的润湿性进行了研究。结果表明，其静态表面张力随浓度增大而减小，动态表面张力下降速度随浓度增加而加快，在超过临界胶束浓度（critical micelle concentration，CMC）的较高浓度下（≥40mg/L），10s以内溶液表面张力即降低到20mN/m以下。Le-134水溶液在紫铜表面接触角随浓度增加而减小，在300mg/L时接触角仅为21°，具有良好的润湿性。沸腾过程与去离子水相比，Le-134水溶液产生的汽泡数量明显增多，汽泡尺寸减小，汽泡合并现象减少。结果表明，Le-134的添加可以有效强化池沸腾换热，同热流密度下随浓度增大强化效果越显著；同浓度下，随热流密度增大强化效果有所减弱。在10W/cm²下，300mg/L的Le-134相对去离子水工况强化效果最明显，沸腾表面过热度减少49.3%，沸腾换热系数增加109.1%。     

氧化煤对CTAB的吸附性能及表面润湿性改性

为研究表面活性剂在氧化煤表面的吸附特性及其对煤表面润湿性的影响,系统考察了溶液温度、初始浓度、溶液pH值和吸附时间对阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在氧化煤表面吸附量的影响,研究了吸附CTAB对氧化煤表面润湿性改性的影响.结果表明,提高温度,增大CTAB溶液初始浓度,会增加CTAB在氧化煤表面的吸附量,CTAB溶液pH值在5~7之间时,有利于CTAB与煤吸附过程的进行;氧化煤表面极性含氧官能团的增加明显有利于CTAB在煤表面的吸附.氧化煤吸附CTAB后,接触角随时间变化由急剧减小变为略有下降,平衡接触角由0°变为70°,水分复吸率下降,其表面润湿性发生了明显的由亲水性向疏水性的反转.     

基于力敏传感器测无机盐溶液表面张力系数与浓度关系

利用液体表面张力系数测定仪和力敏传感器测定了不同浓度的无机盐溶液的表面张力系数,并用origin做出浓度与表面张力关系图,得出在温度不变的条件下无机盐溶液的表面张力系数随浓度的增大而增大,并趋于一定值的结论。     

羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿特性

以自制的羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂为研究对象,在考察其表面活性的基础上,进一步研究了表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿性。研究表明,羟基型Gemini表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的接触角随疏水链长度的增长呈先减小后增大趋势,其中C_(12)-OH在煤沥青表面的润湿效果最好;对于m-n-m酯基型Gemini表面活性剂而言,接触角随疏水链长度的增长而降低。当疏水链长度一定时,m-6-m在煤沥青表面的润湿效果比m-2-m好。在一定浓度范围内,C_(10)-OH、C_(12)-OH和12-2-12 3种Gemini表面活性剂的表面张力与其在煤沥青表面黏附张力呈线性关系。煤沥青表面的Zeta电位随Gemini表面活性剂浓度的增大呈先增大后趋于平稳的趋势。     

羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿特性

以自制的羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂为研究对象,在考察其表面活性的基础上,进一步研究了表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿性。研究表明,羟基型Gemini表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的接触角随疏水链长度的增长呈先减小后增大趋势,其中C₁₂-OH在煤沥青表面的润湿效果最好;对于m-n-m酯基型Gemini表面活性剂而言,接触角随疏水链长度的增长而降低。当疏水链长度一定时,m-6-m在煤沥青表面的润湿效果比m-2-m好。在一定浓度范围内,C₁₀-OH、C₁₂-OH和12-2-123种Gemini表面活性剂的表面张力与其在煤沥青表面黏附张力呈线性关系。煤沥青表面的Zeta电位随Gemini表面活性剂浓度的增大呈先增大后趋于平稳的趋势。     

氟树脂-漆酚-三氯化铁复合涂膜表面的亲水改性

采用NaOH溶液对氟树脂/漆酚/三氯化铁复合涂膜的表面进行化学处理,考察了溶液浓度和浸泡时间对涂膜表面润湿性的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察处理前后涂膜表面的形貌变化,结果表明:接触角随浸泡时间的增加先减小后有所增大,最后趋于稳定;用不同浓度的碱液处理达到最小接触角的刻蚀时间不同;经NaOH溶液处理后的涂膜表面形成了不同程度的突起。     

不同反应条件及表面活性剂对氨水表面张力的影响研究

采用铂金板法测定了不同浓度、温度及不同表面活性剂条件下氨水溶液的表面张力值,并用高速摄像机记录铂金板浸入、脱离液体过程的浸润高度。结果表明,温度或浓度的变化均与氨水溶液的表面张力值呈现不同程度的负相关关系。在20.5～45℃范围内,不同浓度氨水的表面张力值下降幅度在9.17%～11.48%;随着氨水浓度在0～25%范围内增加,溶液表面张力值逐渐下降,降幅达15.20%;不同表面活性剂的加入可显著降低氨水的表面张力值,10%浓度的氨水表面张力值降幅最高达46.18%;所有测量结果中铂金板的浸润高度和面积值与表面张力值变化呈相反趋势。     

乙醇及正丙醇水溶液与金属表面接触角测量

利用JY-82接触角测量仪和CCD摄像技术分别测量乙醇水溶液、正丙醇水溶液在大气条件和精馏条件下在铝、铜和不锈钢金属表面上的接触角.结果表明,对于材质相同的金属表面,乙醇水溶液的接触角随乙醇物质的量浓度的增大而减小;正丙醇水溶液的接触角随正丙醇物质的量浓度先减小,在共沸组成(正丙醇物质的量浓度约为40%)点发生转折.相同条件下,正丙醇的接触角小于乙醇.对于不同材质的金属表面,不锈钢的接触角最小.另外,随温度升高接触角变小.组成和表面结构不同的两种铝表面上的接触角存在很大差异.借助"同心圆锥"粗糙表面模型初步解释了金属表面粗糙度对接触角的影响.     

SiC模具高温模压石英玻璃物相接触角的分子动力学模拟

针对高温下石英玻璃纳米液滴在SiC模具表面接触角难以测量的问题,采用分子动力学方法,模拟研究了不同温度和粗糙表面面向模压的SiO2/SiC高温接触角以及SiO2熔体的界面结构.应用压力张量法发现了MS-Q势函数模拟的SiO2熔体表面张力较接近实际值,即SiO2高温表面特性模拟可优先采用MS-Q势函数.针对SiC模具纳米级表面的粗糙度,发现当粗糙度因子r>1.5时润湿模式由Wenzel变为Cassie-Baxter,此时Ra的变化对接触角值无明显影响,Rmr值减小使得接触面积分数f减小,接触角值随之增大.因此,保持r大于1.5的同时适当减小Rmr值有利于减小固液摩擦,降低石英玻璃工件和SiC模具界面上的脱模力.随着温度升高SiO2表面结构变得松散,导致其在SiC表面接触角减小.在超过2300K时接触角值的变化率增大,为减小工件-模具界面的粘附,模压温度应选择2300K以下.     

落葵多糖粘度影响因素的研究

本实验主要从落葵中提取而得的多糖进行粘度的研究,分别在不同的浓度、不同的温度、不同的pH值、不同的电解质溶液的条件下测定多糖溶液的粘度变化情况,从而得出对落葵多糖粘度影响较为显著的因素。结果：落葵多糖的粘度随温度升高而减小,随浓度、pH值增大呈锯齿状变化,不同电解质对其影响不同,其中随Na^＋浓度增大的变化比较不规则,随着心和Ca^2＋浓度的增大而变大,且随K^＋的变化幅度比较大,随Ca^2＋的变化比较平稳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.