万寿菊挥发油的制备及其成分分析

优化水蒸气蒸馏法,对万寿菊花中挥发油进行提取,得油率为0.54%。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油进行分析鉴定,鉴定出47种化学成分,应用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对质量分数。水蒸气蒸馏法提取得到的万寿菊挥发油主要含萜烯类化合物,共计14种,占挥发油总量的56.30%,包括冰片烯(18.31%)、氧化石竹烯(16.09%)、石竹烯(13.41%)等。     

重庆含笑鲜花挥发油的化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)分别提取了重庆地区含笑鲜花的挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行了分离鉴定。从含笑鲜花水蒸气蒸馏和同时蒸馏萃取所得挥发油中,分别鉴定出38种和36种化合物,分别占挥发油色谱总峰面积的92.928%和90.555%。两种方法提取的含笑鲜花挥发油提取率分别为0.12%和0.26%,主要成分均为萜烯类、萜烯醇类、酯类化合物,相对质量分数较高的成分有τ-榄香烯、石竹烯、β-榄香烯、大根香叶烯D、α-布藜烯、(Z)-5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸甲酯等。     

素心蜡梅和红心蜡梅鲜花挥发油成分分析

用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取了素心蜡梅和红心蜡梅鲜花的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行了分析鉴定。从素心蜡梅挥发油中鉴定出38种化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的92.214%;红心蜡梅中鉴定出42种化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的93.689%。素心蜡梅挥发油中相对质量分数较高的成分是z-木罗烯(18.128%)、z-榄香烯(13.640%)、L-乙酸龙脑酯(8.577%)、tau-杜松醇(7.771%)、β-荜澄茄烯(6.588%)等;红心蜡梅挥发油中相对质量分数较高的是榄香醇(16.171%)、z-榄香烯(12.758%)、β-荜澄茄烯(11.501%)、tau-杜松醇(4.649%)、石竹烯(3.947%)等。     

类叶牡丹挥发油成分GC-MS分析

目的:分析类叶牡丹中挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取类叶牡丹中的挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪对其化学成分进行分析。结果:从类叶牡丹挥发油中共检出46个色谱峰,鉴定了44个,占挥发油总量的97.73%,主要成分为棕榈酸(29.686%)、2-正戊基呋喃(6.885%)、正己醇(5.343%)、反,顺-7,11-十六碳二烯基乙酸酯(5.145%)等。结论:首次对类叶牡丹中的挥发油成分进行分析,为其进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

安徽野菊花挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取野菊花挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定挥发油化学成分,同时结合直观推导式演进特征投影法解析重叠色谱峰,并采用总体积积分法进行定量。鉴定出66种化合物,占总含量的75.32%,主要成分为石竹烯氧化物、匙叶桉油烯醇、6-isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-2-ol和反式长松香芹醇。安徽产野菊花挥发油的化学成分主要为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等。采用GC-MS联用技术结合直观推导式演进特征投影法分析安徽产野菊花挥发油,提高了定性定量结果的准确性。     

黑龙江产万寿菊花精油的化学成分研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取黑龙江产盛花期的万寿菊花精油,精油产率为0.0943%。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对精油的化学成分进行了定性定量分析,共分离出47个峰,鉴定出其中的40个化合物,占峰面积的85.11%。用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的相对质量分数,万寿菊花精油的主要成分为萜类化合物,主要成分有异松油烯(32.91%)、α-罗勒烯(11.18%)、柠檬烯(10.87%)、石竹烯(7.46%)、β-月桂烯(5.64%)、反-β-罗勒烯(5.34%)和2-异丙基-5-甲基-3-环己烯-1-酮(2.52%)等。     

遂溪产沙田柚果皮中挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取广东遂溪产沙田柚果皮挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析和鉴定。共分离出27个组分,鉴定了其中的19种化合物,占总挥发油含量的90.58%。其主要成分D-柠檬烯(37.18%)和β-月桂烯(26.93%),占总挥发油含量的64.11%。     

槐花挥发油化学成分的GC—MS分析

对槐花挥发油化学成分进行GC-MS分析.采用水蒸汽蒸馏,乙醚萃取法提取挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术对其化学成分进行分析鉴定.共检索出56种成分,其中鉴定出29种化学成分,占挥发油总量的66.70%.主要成分有α-蒎烯(23.03%)、邻苯二甲酸癸基异丁基酯(6.20%)、长叶烯(4.88%)、苯乙醇(4.84%)、2-氨基-安息香酸甲酯(3.63%)、植酮(3.27%)、2-乙基己醇(2.73%)等.为开发和综合利用这一资源提供了科学依据.     

贵州湄潭苦丁茶挥发性成分的GC/MS分析

研究了贵州湄潭产苦丁茶挥发油的化学成分。用水蒸气蒸馏提取贵州苦丁茶挥发油,用GC-MS分析和鉴定出化学成分,使用峰面积归一法确定其百分含量。结果表明:挥发性成分的得率分别为0.17%。从苦丁茶挥发油中鉴定出13种(占挥发油总量的81.64%)化合物,苦丁茶挥发油的主要成分是β-芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、α-松油醇、(Z)-柠檬醛、(E)橙花醇。不同地区的苦丁茶挥发油的主要成分和含量差异差较大,在其饮品开发利用中都应区别对待。     

九叶青花椒挥发油GC-MS成分分析

为了研究铜仁九叶青花椒挥发油的化学成分，采用水蒸气蒸馏-乙醚萃取法提取铜仁九叶青花椒挥发油，气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行定性分析，峰面积归一法计算各化学成分的相对质量分数。结果表明，从九叶青花椒挥发油中鉴定出33个化合物，主要成分为醇类和烯烃类，化学成分相对质量分数较高的是芳樟醇(82.02%)、桧烯(4.11%)、D-柠檬烯(3.95%)、大根香叶烯D(1.32%)、石竹烯(1.17%)。研究可为九叶青花椒资源研究的开发和利用提供理论依据。     

亳菊香料超声波提取工艺优化及挥发性成分分析

以亳菊香料浸膏提取率为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交实验法进行优选。采用同时蒸馏萃取装置收集挥发性成分并用气相色谱-质谱仪进行分析和鉴定。最佳提取条件为:超声波功率800 W,提取时间30 min,乙醇体积分数70%。共鉴定出88种化合物,用峰面积归一化法测定各组分的峰面积百分比为:顺-香橙烯9.38%、n-棕榈酸5.11%、β-人参烯4.63%、长叶醛4.36%、α-雪松烯氧化物3.97%、桉双烯酮3.67%、异香橙烯环氧化物3.35%、1-氟-2-(Z-2-甲氧基)苯3.17%、α-衣兰烯3.15%、亚油酸2.68%、异香橙烯2.54%、α-香附酮2.35%等。优选得到的工艺可提高亳菊香料浸膏的提取率。     

菊花总黄酮的提取工艺

采用水回流法、乙醇回流法、超声提取法对菊花中总黄酮的提取工艺进行了研究.结果表明,乙醇回流法效果最佳     

两种开封产黄菊花脂肪酸成分研究

用索氏提取法提取脂溶性成分,GC-MS联用法结合计算机检索首次对开封产两个黄色菊花品种(春日剑山和麦浪)的脂肪酸成分进行了分析鉴定。结果从春日剑山和麦浪中分别鉴定出了45和35种化合物,其中脂肪酸成分为21和11种,用气相色谱峰面积归一法测定了各组分的相对质量分数,鉴定成分各占其色谱总馏分出峰面积的93.99%和94.00%。两者主要脂肪酸为肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸、顺-9-顺-12-亚油酸和月桂酸。还检测到具有活性的α-香树脂醇(8.57%)、β-香树脂醇(7.47%)和(3β,5α,24S)-7-豆甾烯-3-醇(19.48%)仅存在于麦浪中,是与春日剑山有明显差别的药效成分。该文报告工作的新颖性已为河南大学图书馆2008年8月14日出具的第CX2008005号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

地笋中挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

为了分析地笋(Rhezoma Lycopi)挥发油的化学成分,用药典方法提取地笋挥发油,用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)获得其总离子流图,对各个色谱峰进行了定性,并用面积归一化法获得各化合物的相对质量分数,共鉴定了57个化合物,占总挥发油质量的87.12%。酯类为地笋挥发油的主要成分,占总挥发油质量的49.82%,其中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯质量分数最高,为20.19%。该文较系统地分析鉴定了地笋挥发油成分,为其化学成分的研究提供了参数。     

亳菊不同部位绿原酸及总黄酮的含量测定

研究亳菊不同部位绿原酸及总黄酮的含量。绿原酸采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液(12∶88)洗脱,检测波长为327 nm;总黄酮采用比色法进行测定,以亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝为显色剂进行测定,检测波长为510 nm。结果表明:亳菊不同部位绿原酸的含量分别是根(0.39%)、茎(0.42%)、叶(0.72%)、花(0.54%);总黄酮的含量分别是根(10.30%)、茎(9.24%)、叶(35.69%)、花(18.08%)。亳菊叶中绿原酸及总黄酮的含量最高。     

The hydrocarbon fraction of virgin olive oil and changes resulting from refining

In numerous Spanish virgin olive oils, 6,10-dimethyl-1-undecene, various sesquiterpenes, the series ofn-alkanes from C14 to C35, n-8-heptadecene and squalene are the only less volatile components detected by gas chromatography in the hydrocarbon fraction. In oils from olives of the Arbequine variety, a series ofn-9-alkenes has also been found. In refined oils, notable features are the absence of the most volatile compounds and the appearance of other hydrocarbons produced during the refining process. Among these,n-alkanes, alkadienes (mainlyn-hexacosadiene), stigmasta-3,5-diene, isomerization products of squalene, isoprenoidal polyolefins coming from hydroxy derivatives of squalene and steroidal hydrocarbons derived from 24-methylene cycloartanol were identified. Physical refining produces larger amounts of degradation products and greater losses ofn-alkanes than chemical processing. Squalene is the major hydrocarbon component in all oils, both virgin and refined. The ranges of concentration for the different hydrocarbons found in Spanish virgin olive oils are presented.     

开封产3种白色菊花提取物的抗氧化活性

采用清除二苯代苦味肼基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2′-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法,对开封产的3种白色菊花(兼六香白、国华万胜及白玉带)不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化活性进行了评价,将所测定结果与水溶性维生素E(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid,Trolox)及阳性对照二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)进行了比较。结果表明,3种菊花的不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性不同。同一种菊花的甲醇提取物具有很好清除DPPH自由基和还原铁离子的能力,而石油醚提取物几乎无活性。菊花的3个品种中,兼六香白和国华万胜的抗氧化活性较好,其活性远远超过白玉带的抗氧化活性。9个提取物中,兼六香白的甲醇提取物总的抗氧化活性最好。它对DPPH自由基的清除能力(IC50值为20.49 mg/L)比BHT(IC50值为18.92 mg/L)作用略低;其还原Fe3+的能力(FRAP值为731.73±1.77μmol TE/g)比BHT(1 581.68±97.41μmol TE/g)作用低1/2。3种方法测定结果基本一致,其中以DPPH法和FRAP法相关性最好(R=0.982 0)。     

A multivariate study of the relationship between fatty acids and volatile flavor components in olive and walnut oils

The relationships between FA and the volatile profiles of olive and walnut oils from Argentina were studied using GC and solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. The major volatiles were aldehydes and hydrocarbons, produced mainly through the oxidative pathways. n-Pentane, nonanal, and 2,4-decadienal were predominant in walnut oils, whereas nonanal, 2-decenal, and 2-undecenal were the most abundant components in olive oils. A multivariate analysis applied to the chemical data emphasized the differences between the oils and allowed us to see a pattern of covariation among the FA and the volatile compounds. The main differences between walnut and olive oils were the presence of larger amounts of short-chain (C₅–C₆) saturated hydrocarbons and aldehydes in the former and the greater quantities of medium-chain (C₇–C₁₁) compounds in olive oil. This can be explained by their different origins, mainly from the linoleic acid in walnut oil or almost exclusively from the oleic acid in olive oil.     

Chemical Composition of Corn Leaf Essential Oils and Their Role in the Oviposition Behavior of Sesamia nonagrioides Females

The chemical composition of the volatile oils collected by steam distillation from leaves of seven corn hybrids and their effect on the oviposition behavior of Sesamia nonagrioides females was studied. Samples of the volatile oils from each of the hybrids were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and several major compounds were identified. The major compound found in all seven hybrids was 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (phytol), ranging from 38.3 to 64.9% of the total quantity. Compounds detected in significant proportions include (Z)-3-hexenol (3.1 to 8%), nonanal (4.9 to 14.5%), pentadecanal (1.8 to 5.8%), neophytadiene (5.5 to 12.9%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (2.5 to 8.9%), and an analogue of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-one (DIMBOA) (2.4 to 9.3%). The analysis showed no qualitative differences among the chemicals identified while quantitative differences were detected. Among the volatile oils, the significant difference was in the quantity of aldehydes present. In two-choice bioassays, filter paper sticks treated with volatile oils containing higher quantity of aldehydes received fewer eggs than those with lower aldehyde quantity. Bioassays with synthetic aldehydes of a chain length C9-C14 confirmed the above results.     

GC-MS分析樟叶和枝中挥发油的化学成分

本文用水蒸气蒸馏法收集樟叶和枝中的挥发油成分,测得樟叶和枝的挥发油含量分别为1.55%和0.336%。并应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对各挥发油中的30种成分的结构和含量进行了比较,得知香樟叶和枝的挥发油含有相同的主要组分,但含量上有较大的差别。鉴定的30种组分的含量各占其总峰面积的94.45%和89.73%,主要以萜烯类为主。