无卤阻燃永久抗静电玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6材料的研制

采用熔融共混法将无卤阻燃剂LX?15、永久抗静电剂MH?2030添加到玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6（PA6/GF）基体中制备复合材料,分别采用垂直燃烧仪、绝缘电阻测试仪、热重分析仪（TG）、悬臂梁冲击试验机和微机控制万能试验机对复合材料的阻燃性能、抗静电性能、热稳定性和力学性能进行了测试和表征。结果表明,复合材料的阻燃等级和抗静电性能随着阻燃剂和永久抗静电剂含量的增加而提升;单独作用时,添加15 %（质量分数,下同）的LX?15可使PA6/GF的阻燃等级达到UL 94测试V?0级,添加20 % 的MH?2030可使PA6/GF的表面电阻下降至1.1×10⁸ Ω;复合使用时,添加20 %的MH?2030时,LX?15含量增加至25 %可使用复合材料的阻燃等级达UL 94测试V?0级的同时表面电阻下降至1.1×10⁸ Ω,且抗静电性能持久稳定;同时,添加20 % MH?2030、25 % LX?15复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度和初始分解温度分别为103 MPa、15.3 kJ/m²和376 ℃,与纯PA6/GF的143 MPa、22.3 kJ/m²和382 ℃相比,虽然有所降低,但仍能保持在较高水平。     

无卤阻燃抗静电PA6/GF复合材料的研制

以尼龙6/玻璃纤维(PA6/GF)为基体材料,加入抗静电剂、无卤阻燃剂二乙基次膦酸铝(ADP)制备了矿用PA6/GF复合材料,考察了复合材料的抗静电性能和阻燃性能,以及ADP加入对复合材料抗静电性能、力学性能和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,抗静电剂163及抗静电剂190的加入能提高PA6/GF复合材料的抗静电性能,当两者复配使用且质量比为1∶2时,材料表面电阻率降低至9.7×107Ω;阻燃剂ADP的加入能提高抗静电PA6/GF复合材料的阻燃性能,当阻燃剂质量分数达到15%时,复合材料阻燃等级达到UL94 V–0级;此外,无卤阻燃抗静电PA6/GF复合材料的综合性能优异,复合材料的抗静电性能、力学性能以及热稳定性能均能保持较好水平。     

阻燃抗静电改性聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

基于阻燃剂ANTI?660及抗静电剂单苷酸甘油酯（Gm）制备了聚丙烯（PP）复合材料,采用水平垂直燃烧测试仪、氧指数测试仪、表面电阻测定仪、万能试验机和摆锤式冲击试验机等研究了阻燃剂和抗静电剂对复合材料阻燃性能、抗静电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在阻燃剂含量为18.0 %（质量分数,下同）,抗静电剂含量为2.0 %时,复合材料的极限氧指数（LOI）达到26.0 %,UL 94测试达到V?0级,表面电阻下降到1.7×10¹² Ω;添加阻燃抗静电体系的复合材料相比于添加纯阻燃剂的复合材料整体力学性能改变不明显,但仍具有较好的综合力学性能。     

新型永久抗静电阻燃ABS材料的制备与性能研究

采用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为基体树脂,通过添加永久性抗静电剂聚醚-聚酰胺共聚物(MH2030)和阻燃剂十溴二苯乙烷,经过熔融共混技术制备永久型抗静电阻燃ABS材料。通过氧指数、水平垂直燃烧、锥形量热仪、自动化冲击仪、热失重分析、差示扫描量热仪、表面电阻仪和扫描电子显微镜等手段,研究了该抗静电阻燃ABS材料的阻燃性、热性能、抗静电性能和力学性能等,并考察了放置时间和湿度对该材料抗静电性能的影响。结果表明,当MH2030质量分数为10.0%时,阻燃剂含量为12.0%时,体系的极限氧指数达到28%,UL94阻燃等级达到V-0级,表面电阻率达到108Ω,同时该材料具有优异的力学性能和加工性能,抗静电性能持久稳定。     

一种新型无卤阻燃剂在玻纤增强聚丙烯中的阻燃研究

采用创新的合成和复配技术,成功开发了一种新型无卤膨胀型阻燃母粒PM-027。通过双螺杆挤出机共混制备了阻燃剂PM-027与玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(GFPP)的共混物,研究了PM-027对GFPP材料的阻燃性能、力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明,新型无卤阻燃剂PM-027显著提高了GFPP材料的阻燃性,当PM-027添加量超过34%时,垂直燃烧等级达到UL94 V0级。力学性能测试结果表明,PM-027的加入对GFPP材料的力学性能影响不大。阻燃剂PM-027易分散、耐热性好等特点提高了玻纤增强聚丙烯的加工性能。     

环保型溴系阻燃剂在ABS复合材料中的应用

分别采用十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)、四溴双酚A(TBBA)、溴代三嗪(Br N)为阻燃剂和三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硅酮粉、抗滴落剂等协效阻燃剂复配,与丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)通过熔融共混挤出制备阻燃ABS复合材料,对比了这3种阻燃剂对复合材料阻燃性能、力学性能、熔体流动性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,添加质量分数为8%的DBDPE即可使ABS复合材料垂直燃烧等级达到V–0级,热变形温度达到74.3℃,但DBDPE对复合材料拉伸、冲击性能及熔体流动性能有较大的负面影响;当3种阻燃剂质量分数均为12%时,添加Br N的复合材料的垂直燃烧等级达到V–0级,缺口冲击强度和热变形温度最高,分别为27.0 k J/m2和74.7℃,热稳定性最好,但拉伸和弯曲强度较低,在相同阻燃剂用量下,添加TBBA的复合材料拉伸、弯曲强度和MFR最大,分别为41.6,60.5 MPa和22.3 g/10 min,但其垂直燃烧等级仅为V–1级。     

大分子溴系复合阻燃剂对PS和发泡PS的阻燃改性

将大分子溴系阻燃剂(FR–122P)与溴化环氧树脂(2200HM)组成的复合阻燃剂应用于聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料和发泡PS中,研究了复合阻燃剂的配比和含量对PS复合材料阻燃性能以及复合阻燃剂含量对发泡PS泡孔结构和阻燃性能的影响,采用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜观察、极限氧指数(LOI)测试、垂直燃烧(UL–94)和水平燃烧试验等手段进行了表征。结果表明,当FR–122P与2200HM质量比为4∶1、总添加量为25%时,PS复合材料的LOI可达25.8%,并可通过UL–94 V–0等级;当复合阻燃剂的添加量为40%时,可得到泡孔尺寸较小、泡孔密度较大、膨胀倍率较高的发泡PS复合材料,且其可通过泡沫水平燃烧的HF–2等级。大分子溴系阻燃剂与溴化环氧树脂的复合阻燃剂对PS和发泡PS复合材料具有较好的阻燃效果。     

抗静电无卤阻燃矿用电器外壳材料聚丙烯的研制

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体材料,加入无卤膨胀型阻燃剂SR、抗静电剂制备了矿用电器外壳材料,考察了阻燃剂、抗静电剂对PP性能的影响;通过对比失重率及阻燃性能,考察了材料的耐水解性能。结果表明,阻燃剂SR的加入能提高PP的阻燃性能,当阻燃剂质量分数达到20%时,材料阻燃性达到FV–0级,同时阻燃剂的加入使材料力学性能下降;残炭扫描电子显微镜图片显示,在燃烧过程中,阻燃剂SR促进PP基材形成封闭蜂窝状炭层并且膨胀隆起成球状,可以有效地阻止热量和氧气的传播,从而达到优异的阻燃效果;抗静电剂129及抗静电剂163的加入能提高PP的抗静电性能,当两者复配使用且质量比为2∶1时,材料表面电阻率降低至1.5×108Ω;传统膨胀型阻燃体系在热水浸泡后阻燃性能降至FV–2级,而加入SR的PP阻燃体系则能保持FV–0级。     

润滑剂对PP/IFR复合材料性能的影响

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂、FR–1420为无卤膨胀型阻燃剂,分别加入乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、聚乙烯(PE)蜡、硬脂酸锌(硬锌)、硅酮及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)等五种润滑剂来制备阻燃PP复合材料(PP/IFR),考察了润滑剂及其含量对PP/IFR的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,并对材料的热分解行为及炭层结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明,FR–1420含量为21%,五种润滑剂含量在0.5%~2%范围内变化时,对PP/IFR复合材料的力学性能影响不大,而对阻燃性能产生了明显影响;EBS与阻燃剂产生对抗作用,不论添加量多少,都显著降低PP/IFR的阻燃性,垂直燃烧等级由V–0级降低至无级;PE蜡、硬锌、硅酮及PVDF的添加量都存在一个最大值,当低于最大值时,不会影响PP/IFR的阻燃性,垂直燃烧等级均为V–0级,而高于最大值时,则会降低PP/IFR的阻燃性;PE蜡、硬锌、硅酮及PVDF均会不同程度延后PP/IFR的起始分解温度,略微降低其成炭率。     

有机次膦酸盐复配型阻燃剂阻燃LGFPA6的制备

采用新型有机次膦酸盐复配型阻燃剂制备无卤阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6(LGFPA6)复合材料。通过垂直燃烧(UL94)、极限氧指数(LOI)、热重(TG)分析、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪及力学性能测试系统研究了阻燃剂含量对LGFPA6复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,阻燃剂质量分数为15%时,可使阻燃LGFPA6复合材料的阻燃等级达到UL94 V–0级,LOI为28.0%,力学性能最佳。TG分析表明,阻燃剂降低了LGFPA6的热稳定性,促进基体成炭。DSC结果表明,阻燃剂质量分数为15%时,对LGFPA6的结晶性能影响最小。阻燃剂质量分数为15%时,复合材料的综合性能最好。     

石墨烯/碱式硫酸镁晶须/PVC复合材料的制备及性能表征

以改进的Hummers法制备还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),以RGO和碱式硫酸镁晶须(MHSHw)为填料,采用机械球磨法制备RGO/MHSHw/PVC复合粉料,经平板硫化机热压成型得三相复合板材。考察了RGO和MHSHw对复合材料电阻率、阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:RGO具有很好的片层结构和导电性;当MHSHw添加量为5%,RGO添加量为1%时,RGO/MHSHw/PVC复合板材的表面电阻率为4×106Ω/square,比纯PVC下降8个数量级,达到了商业抗静电效果,拉伸强度达到最大值17.61 MPa,比纯PVC提高了44.04%,复合板材氧指数>33%,具有阻燃性能,得到力学性能优良兼具有抗静电和阻燃性能的复合材料。     

Synthesis of phosphorus‐containing flame‐retardant antistatic copolymers and their applications in polypropylene

By adjusting the molar ratios of antistatic monomer of octyl phenol ethylene oxide acrylate (denoted as AS), rigid monomer of methyl methacrylate (denoted as MMA), and flame‐retardant monomer of 2‐(phosphoryloxymethyl oxyethylene) acrylate (denoted as FR), a series of flame‐retardant antistatic copolymers poly (octyl phenol ethylene oxide acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐phosphoryloxymethyl oxyethylene acrylate) (donated as AMF) were synthesized through radical polymerization. Among the obtained copolymers, two copolymers, AMF162 (the feed molar ratio of AS, MMA, and FR as 1 : 6 : 2) and AMF1104 (the feed molar ratio of AS, MMA, and FR as 1 : 10 : 4) with different concentrations were added into polypropylene (PP) to prepare PP‐AMF162 and PP‐AMF1104 series of composites. The thermal stability, limiting oxygen index, the antistatic property, and mechanical properties of PP composites were tested and analyzed. PP‐AMF162 series composites have excellent antistatic effect. When the AMF162 content was equal to or <15 wt %, the impact strength of PP‐AMF162 composites was higher than that of pure PP. The results indicated that copolymer AMF162 was a suitable flame‐retardant and antistatic additive for PP. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41677.     

Thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of flame retarded glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites based on cerium hypophosphite

In this work, cerium hypophosphite (CeHP) was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test. CeHP presented rod‐like morphological feature with good thermal stability. Subsequently, CeHP was added into glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (GFPA) to develop flame retardant glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites (FR‐GFPA). The flame retardancy of FR‐GFPA composites was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), Underwriters Laboratories 94 testing (UL‐94), microscale combustion calorimeter, and cone calorimeter test. FR‐GFPA composite with 20 wt% CeHP loading passed UL‐94 V0 rating with a high LOI of 26.5 vol%. Cone Calorimeter test showed that peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of FR‐GFPA composites were reduced 27.1% and 21.1% compared with those of GFPA. The mechanical measurement revealed that the tensile strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of CeHP loading. With 15 wt% CeHP loading, the tensile strength of FR‐GFPA composite was 43.0% higher than GFPA. TGA and char residue characterization revealed that the addition of CeHP could significantly promote the formation of condensed char residue. The FR‐GFPA composites obtained herein exhibited superior combined properties of fire resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, demonstrating that CeHP will be a promising candidate for preparing high performance polyamide composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3073–3082, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

OMMT -卤-锑阻燃体系对 PA6／LGF 复合材料的影响

利用有机蒙脱土（ OMMT）协同溴代环氧树脂（ BER）、三氧化二锑（ Sb2 O3）通过熔融插层法制备OMMT-卤-锑阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料（OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF）,通过极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）、锥形量热分析（CONE）、热失重分析（ TGA）、扫描电镜（ SEM）等方法研究了不同质量比的OMMT-卤-锑阻燃体系对OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF复合材料成炭、阻燃、燃烧、力学性能以及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当OMMT添加量为2％, BER/Sb2 O3添加量为10％时,二者表现出优异的协同阻燃效应,不仅能促使OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF复合材料生成的炭层结构最为致密、均匀、连续,氧指数值最高且能保持FV-0级,还对复合材料的力学性能影响相对最小。     

树脂改性对玻璃纤维增强聚合物筋材物理力学性能的影响

在基体树脂中加入阻燃剂和抗静电剂可以改善复合材料的阻燃和抗静电性能,同时也会影响复合材料的力学性能。本文通过在不饱和聚酯树脂中加入阻燃剂和抗静电剂,研究了树脂改性对玻璃纤维增强聚合物（GFRP）筋材拉伸性能、压缩性能、剪切性能、抗静电性能和阻燃性能的影响,分析了改性树脂的阻燃和抗静电机理。试验发现,树脂改性对GFRP筋阻燃和抗静电性能有明显提高,压缩强度有所增加,但GFRP筋拉伸性能和剪切性能有不同程度的降低。     

Flexible and flame resistant poly(lactic acid)/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites

The PLA/OMMT nanocomposites were produced using a melt compounding technique with isopropylated triaryl phosphate ester flame retardant (FR; 10–30 parts per 100 resin). The flammability of the PLA/OMMT composites was evaluated with an Underwriter Laboratory (UL‐94) vertical burning test, and their char morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the PLA/OMMT were characterized with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The thermal analyses showed that adding FR reduced the decomposition onset temperature (T_o) of PLA/OMMT. Both PLA/OMMT/FR20 and PLA/OMMT/FR30 showed excellent flame retardant abilities, earning a V‐0 rating during the UL‐94 vertical burning test. A compact, coherent and continuous protective char layer was formed in the PLA/OMMT/FR nanocomposites. Additionally, the DSC results indicated that the flexibility of the PLA/OMMT composites increased after adding FR due to the FR‐induced plasticization. The impact strength of PLA/OMMT was greatly increased by the addition of FR. Flexible PLA nanocomposites with high flame resistance were successfully produced. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41253.     

几种硬质聚氨酯纳米复合材料的制备及分析

利用超声波技术对几种纳米粒子进行改性处理,然后按照一定比例添加到聚氨酯材料中,通过性能测试,分别从燃烧性能、力学性能及抗静电等方面进行对比分析,得出:二氧化钛作为纳米粒子添加到硬质聚氨酯中时,其电阻率最高,但其价格最高,综合燃烧性能、力学性能、抗静电等方面,可选择使用添加二氧化硅作为阻燃剂。