脱硫废液提精盐的工艺优化设计

结合现有企业脱硫废液提盐装置实际运行情况,介绍了其工艺流程及特点,分析其运行过程中出现的问题,提出了工艺优化设计的方案及思路,为其他企业提供参考和借鉴。     

化肥厂终端污水的治理与研究

分析了兖矿峄山化工有限公司终端污水处理现状;从工程投资、工艺技术、运行成本等方面对比了二段A/O法和曝气生物滤池法2种水处理工艺方案;简述了优选方案——二段A/O法水处理工艺流程;介绍了终端污水处理工程的实施效果和开车经验。结果表明,采用二段A/O工艺处理的化肥厂终端污水水质接近于企业原循环水水质,可作为补充水循环使用。     

煤制氢绝热变换和等温变换技术方案研究

介绍了绝热变换、等温变换各自的工艺流程和技术特点。以50万m3/h煤制氢项目为例,分别从工艺流程、系列数、变换炉配置、关键设备情况、催化剂和公用工程消耗以及经济指标等方面,对两种变换技术方案进行了比较和分析。结果表明,等温变换技术在煤制氢项目中具有一定的优势,但也存在低品位蒸汽利用问题及大规模工业化应用业绩偏少等实际情况,企业可根据自身情况,综合考虑,确定最佳煤制氢变换技术方案。     

废水处理中苯胺回收装置的节能研究

介绍了苯胺废水中苯胺回收的工艺流程,对国内某企业的苯胺废水中苯胺回收工艺进行了分析,提出了节能减排的改造方案.将该方案用于苯胺废水处理能力9万t/a的生产装置后,只需增加很少的设备投资,可使蒸汽消耗量降低32%,循环水消耗量降低33%,排放废水中苯胺含量降低60%,效益约增加130万元/a.     

异丙醇气相法合成MIBK/DIBK生产线方案的技术经济评价

介绍了异丙醇气相法联产甲基异丁基酮 /二异丁基酮的工艺流程 ,对企业上生产规模进行了经济比较分析 ,提供了理论数据 ,指明了其发展前景。     

鲁朗国际旅游小镇污水处理厂工程设计

根据鲁朗国际旅游小镇污水处理厂污水水质特点和处理要求,经过污水处理方案对比分析,采用"A/A/O一体化生化池+转盘滤池+紫外线消毒"工艺处理该镇的生活污水。文章介绍了该污水处理工程工艺流程,主要处理构筑物和设备等情况,为今后其他类似建设项目的设计提供参考。     

工程机械喷涂线的选型与订货

喷涂生产线是现代工程机械制造不可缺少的工艺装备，在进行设备选型时应根据生产对象、生产规模、喷涂质量要求、工艺流程、喷涂方式、厂房等条件来进行。为使喷涂线能够满足企业实际生产需要，对设备供应商的资质以及所提供的方案、设计、造价、售后服务等项内容进行审核。     

关于碳五分离预处理单元工艺流程的优化研究

本文首先介绍了碳五分离预处理单元工艺流程的优化方案，然后对脱异戊二烯塔的模拟计算进行分析，最后根据实际内容对工艺流程的优化展开实验。以此来为今后碳五分离的预处理工作提供一定的参考依据。     

溴化锂吸收式热泵机组ASPEN PLUS流程模拟

利用ASPEN PLUS仿真模拟软件对溴化锂吸收式热泵机组全工艺流程进行模拟计算,物性方法选择ELECNRTL,得到较为精确的溴化锂-水工质对热泵运行参数,实现了对机组在不同工况下的性能预测,为吸收式热泵工艺设计、企业烟气余热利用方案提供了设计思路。     

PTA装置汽轮机乏汽冷却技术方案探讨

随着PTA产能过剩日益严重,汽轮机乏汽冷凝成为各企业节能降耗的重点。借鉴火力发电厂经验,分析了汽轮机乏汽采用直接空冷、表凝+开式循环冷却水系统、表凝+闭式循环冷却水系统的工艺流程、技术特点、投资及运行成本,为PTA装置汽轮机乏汽的冷却技术方案提供借鉴和参考。     

浮法工艺玻璃带成形过程的模拟分析

建立了浮法工艺玻璃成形过程的玻璃带三维(3D)与Thin-Film模型,采用Ansys Polyflow软件对600 t/d锡槽内玻璃带成形过程进行了模拟研究,与3D模拟结果对比表明,Thin-Film模型可准确、高效地模拟玻璃带成形过程。根据玻璃带成形过程模拟结果,讨论了锡槽不同区域内玻璃带的成形状态,进一步模拟分析了玻璃带纵向与横向温度分布条件对不同厚度玻璃成形过程的影响,得到了4mm与10 mm浮法玻璃成形过程的较优成形温度条件。     

Interdiffusion and Phase-Boundary Reaction Between Silicate Glass Surface and Aqueous CsCl Solution

Technical silicate glass samples with fresh fracture surfaces or HF-etched surfaces were treated in aqueous CsCl at 90°C for 10 to 85 min. Reaction profiles were determined quantitatively using a SIMS technique. The Cs₂O concentration at the glass surface increased with increasing time, followed by penetration of Cs⁺ ions into the glass. The profiles can be described assuming a model which contains both a surface phase-boundary process and an interdiffusion process in the glass for which D=5.10⁻¹⁷ cm² s⁻¹.     

超薄浮法玻璃显微硬度测量对退火工艺的指导研究

采用带图像分析自动转塔显微硬度计HXD-2000 TMC/LCD进行超薄浮法玻璃显微硬度测量,利用测量结果指导超薄浮法玻璃退火工艺参数调整。退火工艺调整前超薄玻璃的显微硬度分布不均匀,显微硬度平均值的最小值和最大值分别是517.6 kg/mm2、561.4 kg/mm2;退火工艺调整后超薄玻璃的显微硬度分布均匀,显微硬度平均值的最小值和最大值分别是为543.4 kg/mm2、548.7 kg/mm2。结果表明:通过测量超薄浮法玻璃显微硬度,调整玻璃退火工艺,对超薄玻璃生产调整退火参数起指导作用。     

浮法锡槽入口段玻璃液流动过程模拟分析

针对浮法玻璃成形过程,提出了锡槽入口段简化稳态多相模型,并采用Ansys Fluent 2019 R3软件,模拟研究了500 t/d锡槽入口段玻璃液的流动与成形过程,分析了拉引量、玻璃液黏度对唇砖与八字砖区玻璃液流动与液层厚度分布的影响。结果表明,拉引量过小或黏度过低时液层出现不连续,拉引量过大或黏度过高时液层横向厚度均匀性变差,案例锡槽实现浮法玻璃均匀稳定成形的工艺操作范围是拉引量400~550 t/d,黏度400~600 Pa·s。     

Microstructure of Glass-Ceramics in the System B-Na-Si-Ta Oxides

A phase-separable glass composed of 61 wt% sodium borate and 39 wt% (SiO₂+ Ta₂O₅) was prepared by melting a powder mixture. The phase separation process was activated by heat treatment, and porous skeleton structures were produced by subsequently leaching the glass bodies in boiling water. The microstructure and composition of the glass were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Lattice images and electron diffraction experiments indicate the existence of a one-dimensionally ordered paracrystalline phase in the phase-separated glass. Spinodal decomposition is assumed to be the leading mechanism in the phase separation process. Annealing at temperatures T > 1000°C transforms the paracrystalline phase into a glass-ceramic with tetragonal crystal symmetry; a relationship between this final structure and compositional fluctuations during the phase separation process is suggested.     

The influence of surface modifications of glass on glass fiber/polyester interphase properties

Unsized glass fibers and planar glass substrates were subjected to low temperature plasma or wet-chemical process to modify the fiber or substrate surface and thus influence the interphase properties of the glass/polyester system. Plasma-polymerized thin films (interlayers) of organosilicon monomers (hexamethyldisiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane) were deposited in an RF helical coupling plasma system on the glass surface. Commercial silane coupling agent (vinyltriethoxysilane) was coated onto an unmodified glass surface from an aqueous solution. Bonding at the glass/interlayer interface was analyzed by employing a micro-scratch tester together with an optical polarizing microscope for the planar samples. The results revealed that the adhesion bonding could be controlled by plasma process parameters. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies enabled characterization of the film surface morphology. Chemical composition and chemical structure of prepared interlayers were characterized using X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies. Microcomposites (macrocomposites) were tested to evaluate the interfacial shear strength (short-beam strength) of the glass fiber/polyester interphase using the microbond test (short-beam shear). Our study indicated that the most efficient interphase could be prepared by plasma polymerization or wet-chemical process using the vinyltriethoxysilane monomer. The short-beam strength was 110% higher than that for untreated fibers in both cases.     

Numerical Modeling of Glass Formation Process in an Advanced Glass Melter

In the advanced glass melter glass batch materials are entrained in gas and then rapidly heated to glass formation temperature by combusting the gas. The glass batch separates on a target where glass formation takes place. A numerical model has been developed to simulate this glass formation process, which differs from the conventional glass formation process because the batch materials are mixed at glass formation temperatures and because the calcination of Na₂CO₃, CaCO₃, and MgCO₃ occurs on the surface of the glass layer, not in the bulk material. The numerical model is based on diffusion-controlled dissolution of sand particles in the liquid glass. Preliminary experimental data support the rapid glass formation rates predicted by the numerical model.     

Visualization of impact damage in annealed and chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass

The damage propagation and fracture process of monolithic annealed and chemically strengthened aluminosilicate (ALS) glass plates are characterized using Edge-on impact (EOI) testing technique. The EOI experiments on two types of ALS glass plates at a medium impact velocity of ∼180 m/s with spherical and cylinders steel projectiles were completed using pneumatic gas-gun. The high-speed images in shadowgraph mode during the impact process were recorded at the framing rate of 1,000,000 frames per second (fps) to visualize the fracture and damage front in annealed and strengthened glass plates. The real-time captured shadowgraphs in case of annealed glass (AG) showed that the damage front initially starts to develop from the impact end and then after traveling some distance arrested in few microseconds and measured average front velocity against cylindrical and spherical projectile was 2658.91 m/s and 1710.0 m/s, respectively. The tensile wave reflection in AG impact case against both types of projectiles was observed. In a chemically strengthened glass (CSG), the damage front shape and propagation against both types of projectiles were quite different than the AG, front traveled in a self-sustained mode due to the release of elastic stored energy with the velocity of 1746.92 m/s and 1690.12 m/s, respectively. The damage evolution curves plotted from captured high-speed images show that damage traveled slower in case of the spherical projectile which suggests that the shape of the projectile has a great influence on the fracture process of annealed and strengthened glass. The damage front shape in CSG against cylindrical projectile impact was more dominant along the glass boundaries and the spallation effect was not observed in CSG against spherical projectile impact. Additionally, the damage-free zones and fracture surfaces were studied using a scan electron microscope (SEM) from collected post-test debris to discuss the fracture process.     

Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of Molten Glass-Coated Carbon Materials Fabricated by Interfacial Control

Carbon substrates were coated completely with a molten silicate glass, where the wettability of carbon to glass was improved by infiltration and pyrolysis of perhydropolysilazane. Microstructures of the carbon–glass interface were dependent on P n ₂ during coating. Coating at lower P n ₂ induced the formation of cristobalite at the carbon–glass interface. When the coating was performed at higher P n ₂, the glass and carbon were strongly adhered, without the formation of cristobalite. Coating at higher P n ₂ improved the thermal shock resistance of the glass layer, because crack initiation was not induced by the phase transformation of cristobalite during the cooling process. In the case of coating at higher P n ₂, an oxynitride glass layer was formed at the glass subsurface by dissolution of N₂. A porous glass subsurface layer with uniform spherical micro-pores could be produced by soaking near the glass transition temperature in a steam environment. The porous layer with fine and homogeneous microstructure acts as a thermal shock absorbing layer, so that glass-coated carbon with a porous glass layer has excellent thermal shock resistance in addition to steam oxidation resistance.     

A study of the electrophoretic deposition of bioactive glass-chitosan composite coating

Bioactive glass is coated on implant's surface to improve corrosion resistance and osseointegration, when placed in the body. Bioactive glass particles were synthesized through a sol-gel process and deposited along with chitosan to form a composite coating on a stainless steel substrate using electrophoretic deposition technique. Stable suspensions of chitosan-bioactive glass were prepared using bioactive glass particles (<1 μm) and 0.5 g/l chitosan solution. The influence of ethanol-water ratio on deposition yield was investigated. For all process conditions, best results were achieved with suspension of 30 vol% water in ethanol-water containing 2 g/l bioactive glass. FTIR studies showed that chitosan was absorbed on ceramic particle surface via hydroxyl and amid bonds. In order to evaluate the coating, its structure and electrochemical properties were studied. It was concluded that increasing the process voltage led to an increase in particle size and porosity, but induced cracks in the coating. In the presence of the polymer-bioactive glass coating, current density in artificial saliva was decreased by 52% and corrosion potential shifted toward more noble values.